SADRA MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background: Stress directly affects the function of body organs, such as muscles. Vocal folds are also among the muscles which can be impressed by being stressed out. Sound production is directly influenced by the vocal folds’ function. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate stress using the infrasonic sound signals. The results of the investigation can be used in lie detection processes.Methods: The study sample included 16 volunteers who were in normal or imposed stress conditions. The subjects were assessed regarding the amplitude average and zero crossing.Results: The results showed a decrease in the average amplitude and number of zero crossings in the stressed subjects compared to the normal ones. Besides, the mean of decrease in the amplitude average and the number of zero crossings was 24% and 5.7%, respectively.Conclusion: The results showed that this procedure could be used in stress assessment and deception detection with acceptable accuracy.

Background: Thalassemia is a group of congenital diseases and is identified by a defect in construction of a and b globulin chains. Due to the problems resulting from thalassemia, such patients require special attention regarding oral hygiene. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene, periodontal index, and DMFT in the thalassemia patients.Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 50 thalassemia patients and 50 healthy controls divided into 3 age groups of 6-12, 13-18, and 19-30 years. Each group was examined for plaque deposits, gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries using Plaque Index (PL), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and DMFT, respectively. Then, the data were analyzed using T-test and Chi-square test.Results: The results of the study revealed a significant difference between the patients and healthy controls in 19-30 year old age group regarding Plaque Index. Also, a significant difference was found between the cases and the controls within the 13-18 and 19-30 year old age groups regarding the mean of Gingival Index (P<0.05). The two groups were also different regarding the mean of Periodontal Index and DMFT (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the higher means of Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and dental caries among the thalassemia patients, training and taking preventive actions are recommended in this regard.

Background: The aging population is a group of the community that is most vulnerable to social, health, and environmental damages. According to World Health Organization, the number of the old individuals is increasing rapidly. This study was conducted to assess the overall health status and identify prevalent chronic diseases among the ageing urban and rural Zahedani populations.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Zahedan in 2012. The study population consisted of the ageing population from rural and urban areas of Zahedan selected through multistage random sampling (100 urban and 100 rural individuals). The study data were gathered through the general health questionnaire and a checklist assessing chronic diseases. Then, the results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software and descriptive as well as inferential statistics.Results: In this study, study subjects' health score was above the cut-off point (23) indicating poor health (general health score was 30.43 and 32.32 for the urban and rural old population, respectively). Besides, the males' general health was higher than that of the females (p=0.040). Also, the urban population showed a better health status compared to the rural one (p=0.023). The most prevalent diseases among the urban and rural elderly population were cardiovascular (44%) and eye problems (71%), respectively. Moreover, ear problems and hearing loss (50%) were the most common deficiencies in the two study groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases, such as hearing loss, cardiovascular diseases, and eye problems, in the elderly population is of utmost importance. Therefore, the health and treatment network managers are recommended to provide the ground for reducing these diseases among the aging population by appropriate plans and interventions.

Background: A limited number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between the geometry of the aneurysm and artery of origin, and its effects on the hemodynamic parameters. The present study was aimed to analyze the deflection angle between U-shaped and S-shaped aneurysms and the artery of origin as one of the geometrical parameters in order to determine its effect on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.Methods: In this study, deflection angles of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees were considered for U-shaped and S-shaped aneurysms. In this way, the amount and distribution of shear stress on the aneurysm wall, the affected area, and the susceptible area for remodeling of the aneurysm wall were investigated.Results: According to the results, 135o angle for the U-shaped aneurysm and 90o angle for the S-shaped aneurysm were the most dangerous angles for aneurysm growth. In addition, 90o and 180o angles evoking posterior and abdominal aortic aneurysms in U- and S-shaped aneurysms were shown as the most dangerous angles for aneurysm rupture.Conclusion: The findings of the current study can be effective in estimating the probable risk and clinical decision making in cerebral aneurysm patients.

Background: In the recent years, dental radiographies play an important role in diagnosis and accurately following the treatment processes. Lack of general and proper attitudes in this regard causes serious concerns for the patients, which should be properly pursued and resolved. The present study aimed to determine the public attitude towards the necessity of performing dental radiographies for different dental treatments.Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 residents of Shiraz in 2012. The study data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including 20 items on the general attitude towards the necessity of performing dental radiographies. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v.17) and analyzed using Mann- Whitney U test, Kruskal- Wallis H test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.Results: In this study, the subjects’ score of attitude toward the necessity of dental radiographies was between -8 and 15. The results showed that more than half of the participants believed that dental radiographs could not be taken for pregnant women (59.3%). Besides, more than half of the subjects did not know the answer to the questions “Is the radiation received by taking 10 dental radiographies with wearing lead aprons and collars more than the cosmic rays, such as ultraviolet radiation, that the individuals are naturally exposed to every day”. The study results revealed a significant relationship between the subjects’ attitude toward the necessity of radiographies and their level of education. In fact, the significant difference in this regard was observed between the subjects with under diploma degrees and those with diplomas as well as the participants with A.D. and those with B.Sc. degrees (P=0.006).Conclusion: According to results of the present study, the subjects did not have sufficient information about the necessity of performing dental radiography for different dental treatments. This may cause some problems for performing these procedures in the society. Therefore, public training using mass media seems to be of great importance.

Background: Phyto therapy or herbal therapy is one of the major branches of CAM that has been common in many countries, including Iran, since a long time ago. It was used as a rich source of pharmaceutical ingredients in various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the use of herbal medicines in the newborns referring to neonatal emergency department.Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 parents of the infants admitted to the neonatal emergency department. A questionnaire was used to collect the information about the newborns and their parents, using herbal medicines, type of herbal drugs used for the infants, existence or absence of complications, and the person recommending the use of herbal medicines. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics.Results: The results showed that 24 parents (80%) had used or were using herbal therapies for their infants. These drugs included Jujube, Purgative manna, Manna of hedysarum, Fumitory, Chicory, Castor oil, Ghee butter, Torbak lips, Frankincense and Rock sugar, Sisymbrium irio, Plantago major, Violet flower, Citrus limetta, Thymus vulgaris, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Cassia, and Garden morus and the highest rate was related to Jujube, Purgative manna, and Manna of hedysarum. Besides, 70% and 30% of these drugs were recommended by grandmothers and medicinal herbs sellers, respectively. According to the results, 95.2% of the parents believed that these drugs had no complications, while 4.8% had observed toxicity. In addition, 83.3% of the parents had also used these drugs for their previous children and reported their positive impact.Conclusions: Considering the fact that 80% of the parents had used herbal medicines for their infants, herbal medicines are recommended to be used under a physician's supervision and recorded in the patients' medical records.

Background: Obtaining the maximum anchorage in the maxillary arch is mainly considered for preventing the first molars from moving towards the extraction site. Transpalatal arch is one of the instruments which provide anchorage. Up to now, a limited number of studies have assessed the effects of the transpalatal arch on sagittal, vertical, transverse, and rotational movements of the molars using both cephalograms and casts. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the transpalatal arch on sagittal, vertical, transverse, and rotational movements of the maxillary first molars in the patients treated by the extraction of premolars with and without the transpalatal arch.Methods: The present retrospective clinical trial was conducted on 68 patients who had finished the orthodontic treatment and were treated with (34 patients) or without the transpalatal arch (34 patients). Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms and study casts were evaluated to determine the maxillary first molars movements during the treatment. The data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical software using paired samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: No significant difference was found between the transpalatal arch and no-transpalatal arch groups regarding the mesial, vertical, and rotational movements of the maxillary first molars measured using cephalograms and study casts. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the transverse movements of the maxillary first molars (-0.19 ± 2.19 mm and -1.47 ± 1.25 mm, respectively; P=0.002).Conclusions: In this trial, the transverse movement of the maxillary first molars of the transpalatal arch group was significantly less than that of the control group treated without the transpalatal arch.

Introduction: Nowadays, investigation of thinking patterns in unwanted thoughts and their role in continuation of emotional disorders have attracted a large number of researchers' attention. Rumination is one of the unwanted thoughts in emotional disorders. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between body dysmorphic concern and rumination among the B.Sc. students of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 100 female university students selected through simple sampling. The data were collected using Ruminative Response Scale and Body Image Concern Inventory. Then, they were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using descriptive as well as inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient) statistics.Results: The results of this research showed that the means of rumination and body dysmorphic concern were 21.60 (2.22) and 38.59 (11.42), respectively. Besides, a significant positive correlation was found between rumination and body dysmorphic concern (r=0.21, P<0.05).Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was observed between rumination and body dysmorphic concern.

Crown- root fracture is a common injury in the maxillary central incisors that affects the biologic width; therefore, it needs appropriate endodontic and prosthodontic interventions. This case report presents a central incisor crown- root fracture. After removing the broken piece, the remaining one was atraumatically placed in a more coronal position in the dental socket using a forceps and splinted. Then, the crown was repaired, as well. After a 20-month follow-up, the clinical and radiographical evaluations, including mobility test, probe depth, and clinical attachment level, showed desirable results and no signs of root or bone resorption were detected.