JOURNAL OF SPORT BIOSCIENCE RESEARCHES
Year:2014 | Volume:3 | Issue:11|Papers Count:8

This study performed for evaluation of caffeine intake’s effect after a period of creatine loading on muscular endurance and levels of cortisol and catecholamines. Subjects were 12 athletic students which after completing the consent form, first participated as a control group in assessment of upper body (bench press) and lower body (leg extension) muscular endurance by weight lifting with 70% of one repetition maximum load to failure. After tests, 5cc blood sample were taken from brachial vein for assessment of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrin levels. Then, subjects grouped in three position including placebo group, experimental group 1 (0.3 grams of creatine per kilogram of body weight per day for 5 days followed by 6 mg per kg of body weight placebo usage) and experimental group 2 (0.3 grams of creatine per kilogram of body weight per day for 5 days followed by 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight usage). Again, after participating in all of three positions, the test was repeated. Repeated measure analysis of variance and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. In experimental group 1, only the lower and upper body strength, significant improvements were observed. This study showed that supplementation with creatine and caffeine after loading phase, improves muscular endurance and levels of cortisol and catecholamines and can be useful in athletes.

The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometrical, body composition and physiological characteristics between Futsal players of Iranian national team and premier-league of Futsal. A number of 16 futsal players of Iranian National Team (INT) (25.93±3.88 yr, 174.38±5.61 cm, 74.40±10.87 kg), with a number of 16 players present in Iranian Premier-league (IPL) (26.12±4.01 yr, 173.71±5.61 cm, 68.63±5.94 kg) of Futsal were tested. As anthropometrical characteristics, the circumference of thigh and calf, the length of thigh, calf, and lower body were measured as well as height, weight, body fat percentage, BMI measured for body composition profiles. Physiological profiles were composed of aerobic and anaerobic power, speed, agility, and flexibility tested by 20m shuttle Run test, Sarjent Jump, 10 &20 m speed running, Illinois, and Sit and Reach, respectively. Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between INT and IPL groups in lean body mass, BMI, agility, and 10m speed running, (p=0.031, p=0.017, p=0.009, p=0.05, respectively). However, there is no significant difference between INT and IPL groups in BF%, anaerobic power, and aerobic power (p=0.98, p=0.14, p=0.56, respectively). In summary, although some factors were similar in INT and IPL groups, results of present study showed that some of body composition and physiological’ characteristics were higher in INT players than ILP players. These results could be well gaudiness for coaches in players choosing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of elected training in the water level of growth hormone District6 boys 9 to 11 years in Tehran. 24 non-athlete male students, randomly selected and were trained group (n=12) and control (n=12). Exercise group and control group, respectively, Average Height133.67±6.47 and 136.45±5.58 cm. Weight 28.54±7.14 and 29.75±3.45 kg, age 9.76±0.29 and 9.39±0.35. BMI 15.46±1.18 and 15.04±1.12 kg/m. First of all subjects fasted for 48 hours before exercise, blood samples to measure hormone levels were increased. Then subjects trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks with an intensity of 60 to 75 percent of maximum heart rate began to selected exercises in the water. At this time, the control group did no exercise. After 8 weeks, blood samples were taken from all participants. For a detailed examination of within group paired t-test showed an increase of 26 percent in the growth hormone group was significant. (t=-24.3 p=0.01) But there was no significant change in the control group. (t= -0.9 p=0.453) In addition, t-tests indicate no significant difference between groups in the pre-test levels of growth hormone(t=-0.835 p=0.487) and Significant difference in post-test(t=2.58 p=0.027). Overall results performed selected exercises for 8 weeks significantly increased the water GH boys 9 to 11 years.

The aim of this study is compare effects intensity and type of voluntary intraction on vertical jamping young male volleyball players were aleshtarcity. Subject was included 12 young male volleyball player in aleshtar city that at least two years’ experience of of practicing. The subjects five different day randomly one of the protocols warm-up and perform three set of four second Scott semi-static with an intensity %85 1RM and warm-up and perform three set of seven second of semi-squat static with an intensity 50% rm. Four set with four repeat vertical jamp with %6 1RM by weight vest. Warm-up with perform four sets with four repeated vertical jamp and load %3 RM by weight vest. Seven minut after perform this protocols subjects perform vertical jamp. For analys data used anova test whit reapeat measurement and for compare 2-2 protocols used bnfruny hoc test.the results of this study showed that vertical jamping high after performe protocols %6 of 1RM vest than the jeneral warm-up protocols were significantly increased. But in comparison protocols togather there is no significant different. The results of this study showed that by warm-up coordinating with movement pattern and load %6 1RM we interviewe significant increase temporary in explosive performance. It seem that load of style%3 is not sufficient to influence vertical jamp performance.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are considered the major causes of death in most countries. These diseases have high levels values of TC, TG, LDL and low levels values HDL. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance with weight training on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight middle-aged men.Methodology: In plan of one group with repeated tests, 12 overweight men (25<BMI<30) participated voluntarily in this study. With one week interval and in random order, control mode and endurance with weight training was done. Endurance with weight training was doing eight main moves with 40 percent (1RM), on three occasions, with space of 60 seconds, with 20 repeat. The distance between the different movements was 90 seconds. Before, immediately and three hours after exercise, blood samples were gathered.Results: Endurance with weight training causing increased significantly levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL at immediately after exercise. In addition, TG and HDL levels three hours after exercise in compared with pre-test showed a significant increase. TC and LDL levels three hours after exercise increased and decreased, respectively. Nonetheless, this increase and decreased was not statistically significant.Conclusions: In general, it can be said that endurance training with weights with significant increase in TG and HDL levels three hours after exercise could be useful for people with low initial levels of HDL.

Arthritis means permutation or wear of joint. When begins destruction of cartilage, the joint wear is starting, until the cartilage is damaged, and articular surfaces and bones are getting closer together and the pain is intense. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of stretching exercises on rate of knee flexion in middle-aged women with arthrosis.Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study. 24 middle-aged women with arthritis, participated in this study (mean age: 57.12±8.93 years, height: 67.85±8.52 cm, Weight: 87.66±6.47 kg) that randomly divided into experimental (N: 12) and control (N; 10) groups. After the initial tests, the experimental group performed 24 sessions of selected stretching exercises. After complete of training period, initial tests were repeated again.Results: The rate of right knee flexion in women with arthritis increased 4% and rate of left knee flexion increase 3% after the performance of stretching program than the pretest (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Stretching exercises significantly affect the increase knee range of motion of middle-aged women with arthritis. It is recommended that stretching exercises in rehabilitation programs of these patients should be used.

Hypertension is one of the most important factors in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese or overweight individuals. Therefore, in this study, the effect of resistance exercise intensity and volume on blood pressure and myocardial oxygen cost were studied in obese girls after resistance training. Twenty four female obese students with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 and normotensive (age 20.62±1.43 years, weight 78.12±11.08 kg, height 160±5.06 cm and BMI 30.09± 3.09 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects in a randomized crossover design performed four sessions of resistance exercise consisted of bench press, leg press and leg extension. Exercise protocol consisted of two sessions of low volume (3 sets) with intensities of 30% (LVLI) and 70% (LVHI) of one repetition maximum (1RM) and two sessions with high volume (7 sets) and the intensity of 30% (HVLI) and 70% (HVHI) of1RM. Blood pressure, heart rate and myocardial oxygen cost (the product of systolic pressure and heart rate) were measured before exercise, immediately after, and every 10 minutes until 60 minutes after each session. Resistance exercise with 70% of 1RM and volume of 7 set decreased systolic blood pressure at 30 and 50 min after exercise compared to resistance exercise with 70% of 1RM and volume of 3 set and resistance training with 30% 1RM intensity and 3 and 7 sets (p<0.05). Diastolic blood pressure at 20, 40, 50 and 60 min after resistance exercise with 70% intensity and volume of 7 set were lower compared to other protocols. Also, the cost of myocardial oxygen at 30 and 60 min after resistance exercise with HVHI was lower than LVLI in obese girls (p<0.05). Based on the findings of this study can be advised resistance exercise as a non-pharmacological approach to lowering blood pressure and myocardial oxygen cost in obese individuals.

For investigation of the acute effect of creatine supplementation and partial sleep deprivation on performance and cortisol level of male athletes. 10 young male volleyball players, voluntarily enaluated for static balance, fatigue occurance time, and serum cortisol level, once after a full sleep (7 to 8 hours of night sleep) and again after the partial sleep deprivation (3 to 4 hours of sleep a night), at three different positions including control (placebo), experimental conditions 1 (consumption of 50 milligrams of creatine per kilogram of body weight) and experiment 2 (consumption of 100 milligrams of creatine per kilogram of body weight) with 72 hours between positions, at a total of six separate states. Results showed that there was a significant difference in creatine means at each of two states of experimental 2 position while at any of placebo and experimental 1 positions there were not significant differences. There was a significant differences in static balance mean of experimental group 2 after sufficient sleep but after sleep deprivation significant differences did not observed in any of the experimental 1 and 2 and placebo groups. A significant difference in time to exhaustion of experimental group 2 observed after adequate sleep. There was significant difference in means of experimental 2 group’s cortisol after adequate sleep. Also a significant increase in cortisol levels observed after a partial sleep deprivation in the placebo group but there was no significant difference in experimental groups which this change can be attributed to creatin consumption. With respect to these results it can be concluded that creatin consumption can cause reduction of sleep deprivation’s effects.