GLOBAL MEDIA JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (27) |Papers Count:7

Introduction and statement of the problem: The main objective of this paper is to offer an analysis of the “ Elephant Man” movie to represent Joseph Merrick’ s life. It will also offer an analysis of the life of patients with neurofibromatosis in Iran, i. e. a study that was done in 2019. Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder of the skin and nervous system. It causes tumors to grow on nerves. The problems derived from neurofibromatosis are not only physical but it carries socio-psychological as well which affects the individual life of the patient. It is believed that some 26500 individuals are affected with neurofibromatosis in Iran. To reach the objective of such a study, the paper will provide answers to the following questions through a comparison between the above two narratives. Have the stigmatization mechanisms changed? Which similarities do they have? What changes have occurred in the relationship between the physician and the patient? And finally, how is the world perceived through the body in these two narratives? It is necessary to note that the researcher has to use a movie that is made based on Joseph Merrick’ s real life to reach a patient’ s narrative of life in the 18th century because a first-hand narrative has not been available. The importance of this movie lies in the fact that after releasing it, a large number of community members identified the neurofibromatosis as the Elephant Man’ s illness. Theoretical background: The paper uses Goffman’ s concept of “ stigma” and the concept of “ Enfreakment” to illustrate some aspects of the research issue in order to how “ social construction of stigma” takes place in the context of social interactions, on one hand. On the other hand, I refer to the concept of “ body” in the mindset of phenomenologists such as Merleau-ponty to offer an understanding of the activists’ lived-experiences as I believe the lived world is perceived through the body. Finally, I can not disregard the fact that NF1 is studied in the medical field, and it requires one to understand the medical paradigms when confronted with the concept of illness, as it determines how to interact with the patients. Nonetheless, it is also perceived here as a subject matter in the field of communication, something that I would like to address here. Methodology: In this research, the qualitative concept analysis method was used. First, I analyzed the “ elephant man” . Then and after referring to the Iranian Neurofibromatosis Community and getting the patients’ consent, I launched an in-depth interview with 10 people who were affected by neurofibromatosis. This continued until we reached theoretical saturation. At that point, the qualitative concept analysis was conducted on the interview texts. Results and discussion: The obtained concepts show that Joseph Merrick and Iranian patients in 2019 experience the “ stigma and its consequences” and this experience is perceived based on the concepts such as “ exclusion and elimination” , “ otherness” , and “ human rights violations” . The reification/objectiveness of patients in biomedicine also has overshadowed the relationship between Joseph Merrick and his physician. The concepts found in the Iranian patients’ narratives show that although the relationship between a patient and a physician is friendlier, the physicians place more emphasis on the physical aspect of the patient’ s body for their examinations, and in some cases, the exclusion and elimination on behalf of the treatment staffs are observed. However, what is located in the center of the lived-experience of Merrick and Iranian patients about their lived-world is the body. This is evident in the concepts of “ hating the body’ and “ alienation with the body” in Merrick’ s bodily confrontation with the world and patients emphasizing on “ tolerance of suffering caused by the condition of the body” . Finally, as each constructed concept which is challenged in the social context, the stigma resulted from NF1 has been challenged in Merrick’ s and Iranian patients’ life as well, and meanwhile, they try to get their human individuality. Conclusion: Over time the socio-cultural exclusion and isolation related to the stigma of neurofibromatosis continue. The stigma consequences haven’ t changed, only the way it is applied has changed. In the past, the exclusion and elimination were physical and the patient was lashed and was in chain. Today, however, the violence is symbolic and verbal. Over the years, these patients remain on the frontier of “ other” and their human rights are violated. Finally, I argue here that cognition is something that leads to getting individuality and changing paradigms in medical sciences and decreasing the consequences of the stigma. Prominent results: The most important communication practices which can be done to reduce the consequences of stigma include paying attention to the lived-body in the patients; sympathizing with them; creating an equal relationship between a patient and a physician and enhancing the biomedical-psychological and social paradigm and introduce them to the society.

Introduction and statement of the problem: Social networking has attracted a large number of people in Iran in recent years who are willing to share their opinions and feelings. One can say, human life is heavily influenced by modern communication and has penetrated the most personal dimensions of life. Social networks provide an opportunity for Iranian users to share their own interests, thoughts, and activities with others. Virtual social networking is one of the most common and most used social networks in Iran. Such networks are informative, entertaining and sometimes attacking us. Iranian users who have a long history of being pioneering in using social networks are currently the largest users of the telegram messenger. The high number of Iranian Telegram users has created a lot of discussions in the public domain of Iran. The discussions focused on the filtering of this messenger as well as the discussions between Iranian authorities and Telegram owners. In addition, the speed of good messaging and massive propaganda are two factors that have led Soroush's messenger as a prominent Iranian messenger. The present study examines the factors affecting trust in social networks of Telegram and Soroush, taking into account the findings of previous research on security concerns, privacy and perceived risks to social networks. Theoretical background: Trusting technology means that users want to be affiliated with their system's performance, users believe that technology has the best features to protect its concerns. Trust is a vital element in the virtual field and can be learned through social interaction. Trust can be considered as a positive predictor of people's interactions and behaviors. Trust structures have a direct impact on users' intentions in social networking services. Therefore, it is suggested that user trust in social networking services may affect the intention to continue using these networks. The degree to which a person believes that using the system is free from mental efforts is called facility of use. The facility of use; the degree of the willingness of the user to use the system in which there is no effort. The facility of use usually refers to the inherent characteristics of information technology. The user's trust in social networking services is influenced by friends, colleagues and family members. Comments, suggestions, and recommendations provided in social communities can affect the trust of users in social networking services. Social influence is defined as the degree to which users believe, important friends, associates, and other related individuals who are called to trust them and use social networking services. Privacy concerns about their profile information depend on their assessment of social networking attempts to protect their privacy. Perceived risk is the perceived person's uncertainty and the inappropriate consequences of pursuing an activity or behavior. The perceived risk significantly affects privacy concerns as well as privacy concerns affecting the willingness to use social networks. Methodology: This is an applied and descriptive type of research and we used the survey method to collect the necessary data. The statistical population of this study consists of citizens over the age of 18 in Semnan who use the social networks of Telegram and Soroush. In this research, the available sampling method was used. Accordingly, the questionnaire for telegrams between 285 people and Soroush's questionnaire distributed among 134 people. Finally, 273 telegram questionnaires and 122 Soroush questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The research scales for measuring variables were first extracted from theoretical foundations. Then, according to the experts' opinion, the formal and material validity of the scales was verified and confirmed. Also, to determine the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha was calculated. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the measurement model, SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used. Results and discussion: The data analysis in this study was carried out through structural equation modeling. We used a questionnaire to collect the required data. The questionnaire had a total of 26 items and contains the five-level Likert scale. Some of the findings indicate that in terms of gender, men accounted for 65% and 57%, respectively, in the use of telegram and Soroush messages relative to women. In terms of marital status, the marital group is in both groups of users in the majority. In terms of age distribution, the age group of 29-38 years old has the most users in the social networks of Telegraph and Soroush. In terms of education, users with a bachelor's degree have more frequent rates of 37%-38%, among users of telegrams and Soroush correspondents, respectively. Reliability is achieved through Factor Loading, Cronbach's Alpha, AVE and Composite Reliability. Considering that the appropriate value for factor loading is 0. 4, Cronbach's alpha is 0. 7, Composite reliability is 0. 7 and for AVE is 0. 5, according to the findings, all of these criteria are about the appropriate variables. Therefore, the appropriateness of the reliability and convergent validity of the present study can be validated. In the tested model, firstly, the significance of the path coefficients and factor loadings at the level of 0. 95 was considered. All factor loadings at this level of confidence are significant (the factor loading of all variables in the acceptable range is above 4 tenths). This means that the correlation coefficient of the obvious variables estimates their hidden variables. As a result, the validity of the model structure is acceptable. Conclusion: If we associate social networking functions, collaborate and share resources, citizens’ use of online social networking sites in the direction of educational goals leads to the organization of their resources and activities, and they can be economical getting more time in time will do more with less effort. According to the findings of the research, it can be said that the telegram is a safer messenger, due to the media space of the advertising mode formed on the internal messenger on the one hand and the use of powerful telegram encryption on the one hand otherwise, users' information security is maintained at a very high level. On the other hand, the lack of trust in this messenger is due to the lack of reluctance by users to use Soroush. Many people, with the fear or illusion of monitoring their messed up messages in Soroush's messenger, prefer not to use this messenger and do not consider the internal messengers to be a good alternative to telegrams. Prominent results: Considering the findings of the research and in order to strengthen the role of internal social networks, it seems appropriate for policymakers and administrators of this field to pay more attention to the following two components; First efforts should be made to improve the technical and internal issues of the internal message or in terms of facility of use such as speed, accuracy, beauty, etc., because according to the results of the present study, facility of use is one of the prominent reasons that users have referred to the intention to continue using social networks. In the second step, it's better to focus public trust on the internal messenger, as the biggest concerns of users in terms of privacy concerns, perceived risk, and distrust are observed, and with no public convincing about these doubts, it would not be possible to expect dramatic changes in users' loyalty to domestic social networks.

Introduction and statement of the problem: the concept of advertising refers to means of directing public opinion with previous intentions towards a particular direction. There should, of course, be some creativity in the technique of implementing advertising. Needless to say that environmental advertising is one of the most important communication and educational tool in societies with a high level of public opinion power. It should also be mentioned that urban advertising is one of the most efficient branches of advertising since some environmental graphics are used to beautify urban space, information, and commercial advertising. Environmental advertising is a platform for any information that is presented to the public and pedestrian viewing in the city's public space by means of text and video. Therefore, environmental graphics should take into consideration the elements of aesthetics, audience analysis, creativity, and content attractions. Audiences present their plan and idea by the most effective creativity. This is where the concept of interactive advertising is brought into the analysis as the purpose of interactive advertising is to discover the objective of advertising. In other words, it refers to the audience's participation and engagement and getting him/her to the interaction process. Since the audience selects and processes the information mentally, the amount of impact depends, for the most part, on the audience's engagement with the advertisement and, on their choices during participation. Getting the audience's attention and making them be willing to show their positive attitude towards something is the ultimate and main purpose of advertising. Nevertheless, the design process across advertising media institutions are different. The designer targets designing as a collaborative process for the audience within the context of interactive advertising. This will help the audience to achieve an objective discovery of the message during the interaction with advertising. Theoretical Framework: Using such a framework, here, we tried to offer a study on the interactive techniques in commercial advertising given the capabilities that are offered by the interactive art in attracting audiences. A creative design leads to repeated engaging in environmental advertising. The cost of environmental advertising is very high in cases where small and medium businesses cannot afford it. But by choosing the right executive technique, one can greatly reduce the cost of environmental advertising and increase its effectiveness. Due to the use of advertising as a communication medium for the purpose of promoting the product, obsolete traditional practices, and the lack of contact of the audience with advertising messages, artists in recent decades have been using new ways of attracting audiences towards both cultural and commercial products. Commercial advertising is a communication process that is responsible for introducing goods and services that can persuade the audience towards buying it. Investigating the capabilities of graphics and environmental advertising, and interactive art as influential factors in urban advertising performance led us here to analyze the performance tricks and use of interactive arts in commercial product advertising. On this basis, samples of environmental advertising (billboards) have been selected and analyzed non-randomly; however, it is worth noting that creativity and innovation in executing tricks have also been considered. The purpose of this research is to study interactive media and how each of them is used as a trick in urban commercial advertising. In addition, the properties of such elements are also examined so to identify how they convey the message effectively to their audience. Methodology: To answer the research question, we used the theory of "Kress and Van Leeuwen" to identify the commercial advertising executive tricks that are used that also engage the audience. We also used a descriptive-analytical approach to collect and analyze the data. In other words, it is an inductive method and is based on archival data gathering from books, articles. To this end, the commercial advertising execution tricks in some samples in Iran have been studied and identified between 2000 and 2017. The samples were collected from print and electronic sources to find out the tricks used in commercial advertising, so far and then these examples have been adapted to the methods suggested so far for creating advertising. Results and discussion: Some of the findings indicate that investigating commercial advertising executive tricks (from 2000 to 2017) based on data from a sample, the research question is answered. The question is: what creative execution tricks have been used to attract audiences? ” All data gathered from the samples based on interactive advertisements. 15 samples were evaluated based on new media techniques that these are as follows: at first, the computer interactive art, net art and finally (collaborative art, telerobotic art, and telematic art in equally) are the most commonly used techniques. Of course, it is worth noting that the cybernetic, relational, and satellite arts have not been implemented in any of the 15 selected samples. Among other new media, the highest usage rates are as follows: first, volumetric art; second (electronic and digital arts in equally); third (Light and 3D art equally) and finally (Performing and layout arts equally) have been successful in attracting audiences. Conclusion: Based on the analysis conducted in the present study, interactive art and volume art have been the most-used type of advertising, as they were successful in persuading their audiences. They were active and had physical interaction with the audience. Since they did not use the layout art and performance art they faced some sort of inactivity among the audience. Collaborative art, telematics, and robotics are also less effective in persuading audiences because they only have indirect communication with them. Prominent results: In view of the findings and discussed topics in the present study, it can be argued that interactive media have been successful and that is because of their relationship and partnership in the advertising process. They also managed to get audiences engagement with the environment. However, what is important is that there are media that do not interact with the audience among the interactive media. For example, telerobotic art seems to have failed to make significant and effective contact with audiences due to the inactivity, and the audience does not interact with the site. Accordingly, those types of media are more effective in commercial advertising that have interaction with the audience and the surrounding environment.

Introduction and Statement of the Problem: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the trend of scholarly outputs and growth of “ Media Literacy” in Web of Science Core Collection database (WoS) to find countries and regional distributions, and the level of its visibility based on Keywords Plus. A total number of 1, 671 documents in WoS with the topic “ Media Literacy” from 1970 to 2019 were retrieved and analyzed. The result of the study shows the scientific productivity in “ Media Literacy” in the world is not homogeneous and much is left to be required in researches development on “ media literacy” . The authors urge scholars in most developing countries to move beyond the exclusive media and communication approach and realize the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach. In 1998, a pioneer in the United States defined media literacy as the process of accessing, critically analyzing media messages and creating a message using media tools. (Hobbs, 1998). In the same year, Brown discusses the media literacy perspectives and highlights that media literacy involves a cognitive process used in critical thinking (Brown, 1998). Since its emerging, also in some developing countries, a very diverse community of scholars and researchers examined media literacy and its implications from each discipline and interdisciplinary point of view. There are good enough number of researches and publications on conceptual and theory building (Alvermann & Hagood, 2000) as well as case study approaches like in preferred media and communication channels (Abbas Ghanbari Baghestan et al., 2009; Indriyanto et al., 2016; Vegiayan et al., 2013) education (Suto & Sakamoto, 2014), children (Hirsjarvi & Tayie, 2011) adolescent (Labas & Males, 2017), rural development (Akar-Vural, 2010) health (Rich, 2004) and healthcare-related program (Akhtari-Zavare et al., 2015) on the globe. Methodology: Using the Bibliometrics methods, the aim of this study is to discover and describe the trend of scholarly outputs and growth of “ media Literacy” publications from 1970 to 2019. Bibliometrics methods have been used to measure scientific progress in many disciplines of science and social science, and are a common research instrument for the systematic analysis of publications. (Farahmand et al., 2018; SM. Etemadifard et al., 2018; Seyed Abolhassan Riazi et al., 2019). The data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collections (WoS) and the only criteria for data collection were the keyword of “ Media Literacy” . With the above limitations, in the first stage, 1, 671 documents and in the second stage, 642 documents were retrieved and used for data analysis. Results and Discussion: The annual number of “ Media Literacy” publications has grown from 1 in 1980 to 237 in 2016. Also, there was positive growth in the publication each year beginning in 2005. The United States (with total publications 549) is the leading country in terms of total numbers of “ media literacy” related publications from early 1970. The rest of the countries in the world, including Spain (212), England (81), China (78), Australia (77) and Russia (71). The diversity of the research area of the publications on “ media literacy” was interesting. “ Education and Educational Research” was the first research area of all publications related to media literacy; followed by “ Communication” , “ Psychology” , “ Social Sciences” and “ Computer Sciences” . The 642 documents which carry “ media literacy” in their titles, overall, had the total amount of 4252 citations (average citation per documents was 6. 76) which can be considered high in scientific publications. The majority of the documents were in “ English” (551 out of 642 documents). Also, most of the documents were in “ Article” (64. 6%) formats, followed by “ proceeding Papers” (20. 1%). The time depended on KeyWords Plus shows that “ Education” , “ TV” , “ Adolescent” and “ behavior” were the key concepts for conceptualization in this time span. The international collaboration and networking for co-authorship in the area of study also were limited to very few countries only, mainly the United State with few other western countries like Germany, the UK, Canada, and Spain. Conclusion: The results of the study show the scientific productivity in “ Media Literacy” in the world is not homogeneous and much is left to be required in researches development on “ media literacy” . The author urges scholars in most developing countries to move beyond the single discipline and approach and realize the importance of multi-disciplinary approaches regionally and internationally. The results of the study also have a lot of implications for countries like Iran where currently has faced a huge number of new social media as well as their expand usage among citizens. In the 21st century, citizens need to be trained to deconstruct and analyze the media text as well as engage and challenge media institutions. This is what Hobss (1998) means by “ sophisticated citizens” rather than “ sophisticated consumers” . Media Literacy, if well understood, might be a more “ soft” and positive response to the negative consequence of media influence than those “ hard” responds such as banning, filtering and censorship.

Introduction and statement of the problem: Nutrition has a direct effect on human health. Humans have come to the right nutrition through centuries of experience (Sedighi, 2007, p. 45). Urbanization, the rise of incomes, which accompanied by changes in cultural factors and the media, plays an essential role in the transition of nutrition to its new form. This new model has adverse effects on humans that include various diseases (stroke, hypertension, cancer, etc. ) (Madanat, 2011). The media's influence on people's behavior and beliefs are enormous. People, influenced by advertising and media, change their behavior in choosing food to consume. They may not feel the real risks that the media is supposed to explain; they are often feeding on unhealthy food and carry unhealthy eating habits (Seil, 2008: 343). Now, we argue here that TV is the most popular mass media in Iran. Besides, we know a significant proportion of television audiences consist of teenagers and Iranian youth. Large amounts of television ads are directly or indirectly target them (Esmie et al., 2010). In Iran, the "Family Lunch" TV show, which is the subject of this study, is an educational and entertaining documentary that, with the emblem of "Happiness is your right, " invites all Iranian families to take part in a family competition. This documentary TV show educates a particular lifestyle indirectly while competition is going on. One of the factors related to such a lifestyle is nutrition. "Family lunch" documentary has three components, including physical health, spiritual health, and traditional medicine. They project nutritional behavior that is educated to audiences through TV show competition. Qom city is one of the most important cities in Iran, which is a developing one. Every year, immigrants from all over the country and the world travel to Qom to live there. The media's impact on the various aspects of lifestyle in the city is tangible, and dietary behaviors are no exception. Therefore, paying attention to dietary patterns and social factors associated with nutritional patterns helps us to quickly explain the implications of the diet as a desirable one for society. The objective of this study here was to investigate how the documentary TV shows about Iranian-Islamic nutritional behavior affect Iranian families. We have done such research using a case study of the "Family Lunch" TV show. Theoretical background: Gerbner et al. (1980) believed that the cultivation effects of media are well evident through society. According to the Cultivation theory, television tends to announce interconnected messages that display the same lesson repeatedly. In response to critiques about his theory, and that some argued that "other variables are involved in the impact of television on viewers, " Gerbner added two other concepts, "Streaming and Expansion. " Such concepts refer to the fact that watching too much television does not have the same effect on all people and has different results for different social groups (Surin & Tankard, 2002: 39). We can here introduce the concept of Iranian-Islamic Nutrition Behavior. Nutritional behaviors are a collection of customs, beliefs, thoughts, and traditions of nations in a variety of fields, such as cooking and food preserving, choosing food types, how they are distributed among age groups and tendencies from the viewpoint of interest or lack of interest in various foods. Nutritional behaviors or dietary patterns vary in cultures, races, sexes, and geographic regions (Sedighi, 2007). Islam is a religion of welfare that covers all social issues, including food and nutrition. The health of food, in Iranian tradition, and ultimately health itself is crucial. Cooking in an appropriate place, healthy food; also, eating it in certain and appropriate times and conditions must be planned. The culture of classic Iranian cuisine, the conditions of greetings, loving, feeling of relativeness, expressing issues and problems, and even family consulting, provides a distinctive style of food culture by having special conventions for cooking and eating (Hassanzadeh, p. 90, 2008). Methodology: This research is descriptive research that is conducted by the survey method. The statistical sample included some 500 individuals who live in the city of Qom. They were from different cultural backgrounds, and we considered them as two groups of control (a group who did not see Family Lunch TV show) and experiment (those who saw). We selected the samples based on a simple random sampling method. We used a researcher-made questionnaire (12 questions) that had three sections in order to collect the data. The three sections included nutrition and physical health, nutrition, and spiritual wellbeing. The nutrition part had to sections: classic and traditional medicine. Fifteen experts approved the formal validity of the questionnaires in the field of religion, statistics, media, and nutrition. The reliability of the questionaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which amounted to α = 0. 84 out of 1. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and SPSS-24 in order to analyze the results. Analysis and Discussion: Demographic results indicated that 49. 7% were male, 50. 3% were female. Also, 87. 6% were married, and 12. 4% were single. Most of them in the experiment group had a bachelor's degree with 36. 4%. The results showed that the maximum effect of the TV show was traditional medicine with a rate of d=0. 298, and the least was nutrition and spiritual health with the inappropriate of d=0. 093. Also, the effect of TV conditions on the promotion of the Islamic Iranian style was d=0. 33. Conclusion: We used The correlation matrix relationship to determine the correlation between the variables (nutrition and physical health, nutrition, spiritual health, and traditional medicine). We wanted to identify whether the promotion of Iranian Islamic style nourishment among the control and experiment groups indicated if there is a high correlation. The findings indicated that there was a strong correlation between those variables, on the one hand, and the promotion of Iranian Islamic nutrition, on the other. According to the results, the most correlation between the function of nutrition and traditional medicine with the promotion of Iranian Islamic nourishment. Family Lunches TV show played a significant role in promoting the function of traditional medicine (paying attention to the temperament of people, paying attention to the quality of food, the principle of balance observance, and food reform). Finally, after the study of "Family Lunch" TV show, based on the theoretical model of the concepts of this study, it can be concluded that television documentaries with their various educational and research capabilities can play an essential role in cultural development, provided that the directors of them, both in the content and structural dimensions focus on the main problems of the people lifestyle, and produce an appropriate TV shows after the understanding of the form and content.

Introduction and statement of the problem: Zare Kohan (2014) defines media literacy as the practices that allow people to access, understand, and critically evaluate media content. If appropriately implemented, media literacy can protect audiences from misinformation and deceiving content. While the influences of media spread to our daily life, vulnerability to the threats which are widespread in both online and mainstream media are also increasing (Moghaddaszadeh & Safahieh, 2018). This vulnerability is not limited to a specific age group, but children, as well as teenagers, are more vulnerable compared to middle-aged and older adults. As children and teenagers spend most of their time at school and particularly with their family members, the role of the family has a profound effect on children's ability on how to deal with media content (Livingstone, 2014). The family role in overseeing children's activities becomes more critical than when the number of three to four years old children using smartphones and tablets is increasing (Ofcom, 2017). This paper offers a systematic review of such a role, and it aims at examining the family status in media literacy research in Iran and seeks to answer the following questions. 1) to what extent, media literacy studies in Iran have focused on the family? b) what are the approaches taken from the methodological point of view? 3) what are the main practical and theoretical findings of conducted studies? 4) what are the main existing research gap/s for further study in future studies? Methodology: Here we offer a systematic review of studies on media literacy that focussed on the Iranian family's role. In order to find published articles and works related to media literacy, we the following five keywords: "media literacy, " "information literacy, " "family, " "parents, " and "Iran. " The search took place in six databases, including "CIVILICA, " "ENSANI", "NOORMAGS, " "MAGIRAN, " "IRANDOC, " and "Scientific Information Database (SID)" were searched. In addition to the online databases, we also searched through the "Google Scholar" for additional and relevant studies on media literacy. The databases were selected based on all library subscriptions of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences (IHCSs). To determine the relevancy of the studies for inclusion, we did the search based on the title, keywords, and abstracts. The first count of the obtained studies on media literacy led us to 105 publications. After reviewing all obtained studies, despite the presence of searched terms, 86 studies were excluded because they lacked relevant objectives of the study, or they did not present sufficient discussion on the subject matter. Further inspection of the documents resulted in identifying 19 articles in which some nine papers had the characteristics that we were looking for and used them for the final analysis. To ensure adherence to the admission requirements, two researchers reviewed and approved the included documents independently. Findings and discussion: This study aimed at investigating the family situation in media literacy research in Iran. The search yielded nine relevant studies in which the oldest and latest were published in 2008 and 2017, respectively. The search procedure was carried out in the summer of 2018, and the procedure was not limited to any specific time. From a methodological point of view, three out of nine studies applied documentary methods. This method, also known as library study, involves identifying and locating relevant information, analyzing what was found, and then developing discussion and conclusion. Three out of nine studies used quantitative survey methods, two out of nine applied focus groups, and semi-structured in-depth interviews, and one study used a SWOT analysis. The findings show that most of the studies have been used by documentary and survey methods to meet their goals. The main objectives of the studies were to determine whether a relationship existed between the level of education and the economic conditions of families that had media literacy. In terms of the field of researchers who carried out these studies, eight out of nine studies came from the communication filed. This indicates the family's substantial role in media literacy is well-understood among communication scholars. According to the findings of the present research, a small number of research on media literacy paid attention to the importance of the family's role. Nowadays, when new and mainstream media are penetrated in all aspects of our life, and some cases, they can be dangerous, especially for children and teenagers who do not know how to use and deal with potential threats. Given this central role, the primary responsibility to educate children and teenagers is on the family's shoulders. As the reviewed studies showed, the relationship between limited variables such as socio-economic conditions and family's income with media literacy were investigated in previous research (e. g., Ashrafirizi, Ramezani, Aghajani, & Kazempour, 2013; Shojaee & Amirpour, 2012). Hence, the challenge for further research is to learn more about how the family may educate media literacy to children. Conclusion: Based on the objective of the current study to investigate family status in media literacy research in Iran, published literature on the subject seems very limited. This indicates that the family's role has not received enough attention from researchers whose media literacy is among their interest areas. It is also worth mentioning that perhaps there could be other relevant unpublished studies that are not either open to the public or are in press. However, referring to all included papers, it shows that minimal studies focused on the family's role in media literacy research. It should also be mentioned that almost all of these minimal studies done by communication scholars. Prominent Results: Despite the prominent role of families to educate children on how to use media, it has not received enough attention on how moms and dads may play their crucial way. As the findings indicate, moms play a more significant role in teaching children how to use media; therefore, educating and increasing media awareness among moms is fundamental. Furthers studies need to focus on how ' media literacy among parents influences children's media behavior. However, this could be very useful if future studies integrate communicative and cultural factors in investigating family status in media literacy.

Introduction and statement of the problem: In the digital age, people no pay close attention to TV's advertising and messages, magazines, and newspapers. Nevertheless, people often consider the presence of a celebrity in advertising to be a necessary factor. Companies have discovered that the Endorsement of celebrities of marketing in advertising can increase the reliability of advertising and affect the attitude and purchase intention. The advertising of blogs and their impact on the attitude of society, especially young people, is essential. Furthermore, it is affecting the effectiveness of advertising, people's attitudes towards advertising, and their buying intentions. So it is crucial to study the factors influencing the attitude of young people and students towards advertising in blogs. On the other hand, since the topic of online advertising, and especially advertising on fashion blogs, is a relatively new subject, there is little information in this regard. Theoretical background: Advertising channels have come in many forms and have different effects on the mindset and behavior of customers. One of the forms of advertising channels is blogs. By creating their own media channels, blogs can bring their voice to everyone and thus become more powerful than ever. Today, the most substantial part of the blog's space consists of fashion blogs. Based on the theory of social impact, blogs are becoming popular when it comes to popularity, and multiple users share opinions similar to each other through comments and likes. An essential source of influences on people's attitudes is blogging. Fashion blogs provide a working reference group or other groups that have high relevance to individuals, attitudes, and behavior. ` Methodology: Given the importance and position of ads on fashion blogs, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of students toward mode ads in the blogs using the qualitative method of the case study and interviews. The data analysis technique is a thematic analysis with a deductive approach. The statistical population of the study was 25 students of the follower of fashion blogs that were selected by purposeful snowball sampling method. Results and discussion: The statistical population of the study was 25 Followers of Fashion Blogs students who were selected through targeted sampling. Students are more likely to be interested in advertising on blogs and cybercrime, due to their age range of 20-30 years, and that young people have much shopping. Advertisements in blogs and fashion are especially appealing to them in blogs and cybercafé , and they were selected. The findings of the data showed that awareness of fashion and modes, the amount of recognition and trust in the blogger are the factors that encourage the reader to read such blogs. Some people have a terrible idea of advertising on blogs. Some would like the ads to fit the content of that blog. Many people follow fashion and fashion blogs just to get to know fashion and fashion, beauty, and mind-boggling issues of what to wear and what is new in fashion and fashion. Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to study students' attitudes towards advertising within fiction blogs for this purpose, with 25 follower students, blogs that were used by social media users and celebrities' flavors in fashion blogs were conducted purposefully. According to the information provided, psychological factors, social factors, and individual factors influence the choice and purchase of a person. Analysis of data related to psychological factors showed that a group of students believed that he and a blogger shared the characteristics of that product with the audience; not only It is not wrong that it is even a positive one. Concerning individual factors, data show that most young people are on the lookout for blogs. Reference groups are another factor that can affect people's buying of blogs. Generally, in the decision-making process of the buyer, many people merely seek fashion information, beauty, and mind-boggling issues of what to wear and follow popular blogs and search for information. Prominent results: The results of this research showed that awareness of fashion and modes, the amount of recognition and trust in the blogger, more information, the attractiveness of advertising, the ease and convenience of access, the right purchases, the awareness of the auctions and the extra sale are the factors that encourage the reader to read such blogs.