JAME PAZHUHIY FARHANGI
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Living in today's world is full of stress and challenges that compelled people to cope with stress and crises of their skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of resilience training on emotion regulation strategies and life satisfaction and well-being of women heads of household under 95 in the city of Shushtar. This interventional study pretest - posttest control group on 30 women heads of household who had lower resiliency implemented. Using a scale of resiliency Connor and Davidson (2003), life satisfaction Diener (1985), cognitive emotion regulation Granfsky and colleagues (2003) were collected by self-report. Data using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) at p>0.05 were analyzed. The results showed that emotional adjustment and life satisfaction scores in the test group. As a result, the power of resilience training for this group of women (head of household) can be used as positive and negative emotion regulation and cognitive codes using an adaptive strategy to achieve life satisfaction.

An undeniable reality of life in modern world is structural changes in the fields of household and marriage. It seems that the main determinant of these changes is social and economic modernization or development. This paper aims to investigate economic and cultural effective factors on marriage age in Iran with a cross province approach. These factors are unemployment, inflation, growth of household's expenditures, income level of each province and education. Findings of a Panel Data Model on 28 Iran provinces during 2004-2014 show that inflation and unemployment have positive significant effects on marriage age. Also, in a specification with the growth of household’s expenditures, this variable has similar effect. Education and income level have no significant effects. Based on these findings, to solve a social problem by the name of rising marriage age, betterment of economic situation, in particular declining inflation and unemployment should become policy makers' agendum.

In a higher level of abstraction these categories; the core category is "waste browsering; the consequence of an inadequate social support". Today waste browsering, in order to find and collect recyclable goods to sell and earn money in the community has increased. Waste browsering is undoubtedly harmful consequences on the society. It is necessary to adopt appropriate decision to cotrol of this phenomenon as a social problem. This paper studied reasons and grounds of waste browsering in Zahedan city. For this purpose, the grounded theory is known as a process-centric strategy is used in qualitative research. The present study participants were 9 cases of waste browsers. Participants were selected according to theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews conducted with them. The major categories include; Job shortages and the need to earn a living, Lack of state or organizational support, addiction, Lack of family support, Protection of human dignity, Lack of social ban.

In recent decades due to technological advances, increasing cross-cultural communication, and necessity to identify cultural differences, in order to effective function in cultural diversity situations, Learning some skills and capabilities is essential. Cultural intelligence have been proposed as one of the key capabilities to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts. The purpose of the present study was describe and proposing a theoretical framework about cultural intelligence and its four dimensions (cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral), as a cultural variable influencing ethnocentrism. Using survey, data collected from over 384 young citizens of 18 to 29 years old residing in Tabriz. In order to collecting data the questionnaire had been used. The results indicated that there was positive significant relationship between each dimension of cultural intelligence with ethnocentrism. Also, statistical analysis’s results (t-test) showed that among understudy demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status, occupation type, and income), the youth’s average ethnicentrism is different according to their gender.

This paper will examine the possibility of conceptualizing and operationalizing Habermas’s theory of communicative action and its application to the case of Facebook users in Iran. In order to do that we selected 22 pages from Iranian users, which had highest number of “like” and covered political, cultural, social, entertainment and sports issues. We also reviewed comments left on our Facebook pages and also reviewed some publicly visible pages of a number of users. Then we used Habermas’s theory of communicative action along with grounded theory to operationalize concepts such as freedom, discourse, communicative rationality, and some types of action-speech that could be observed in Facebook. Some of the research results indicate that many types of action-speeches, dialogue that are strategically important take place among Iranian Facebook users. However, it seems performance types of action-speeches (self-disclosures) take place more in private pages than in public pages. The research results also indicate that Iranian Facebook users express their opinions freely in private and public pages. We can claim that based on the results, almost majority of Facebook users follow norms of dialogue and interaction. It could be nevertheless mentioned that some users with low level of tolerance used obscenity to express their anger against some of the comments. This indicated that communicative rationality was not present in some cases.

The purpose of this study was to measure the cultural capital of classes based on their socioeconomic status among Isfahani citizens. The theoretical approach of this research was based on a combination of Pierre Bourdieu and Max Weber's theories. In terms of methodology, the present study used the survey research method, and the questionnaire technique was used to gather information. The sample of the present study included 400 citizens of Isfahan City aged 20 to 64 years living in 14 urban districts in 2014, who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. A one-way analysis of variance, eta coefficient, and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. At a descriptive level, the obtained results showed that most of the citizens were in the middle class, and the amount of cultural capital and its dimensions were different among the classes, in a way that the lowest average belonged to the lower class, then the middle class, and the highest average belonged to the upper class. Also at an analytical level, the findings showed that the socioeconomic status had a significant relationship with the cultural capital, and among its dimensions, it played the greatest explanatory role in the context of institutionalized cultural capital.