JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCHES OF IRAN AND ISLAM
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:22 |Papers Count:10

The purpose of this article is to examine the internal, regional and international dimensions of British intervention in the Baloch region of Iran in 1916 during the First World War. The book of strikes on the frontier of General Reginald Dyer, commander of the British military operation in confronting the Iranian Baluchi commanders, is the only detailed explanation of this important local event in Iran. However, the narrative of the story does not give a complete picture of these confrontations and poses many questions about this event and its context and consequences. Proper awareness of this is only possible by examining national, regional and international contexts. The purpose of this research is to attempt to clarify these three dimensions of the context of the confrontation of the Baloch Commanders with the British and the military. The author writes that the struggles of the Iranian Baloch rulers with British colonialism in terms of understanding and coordinating with the constitutional and political elites of Iran at the national level, the impact of the jihadist fatwas against the Allies in the region on their regional-level struggles, and the use of Britain's Germans' The Baluchi Iran, which was not very real, was internationally motivated.

As a result of the Mongol invasion and its subsequent disorder, political and socio-economic structure of many parts of Iran was broken and there wasn't the appropriate fields for disappearance of these disorders for a long time. This paper with proposing this question that: what influence the Mongol rulers Tribal-ethnic ancestry had in reviving the traditions of the Iranian government and restoring security before the Ilkhanids government and what was the situation of systematic political structure of Ilkhanids era? It is believed that to reduce the efforts of Iran's ruling ravages which strengthen the uncertainty of the Iran political situation in division of Mongols emperor, started from the Mongol deputy that they had more civilized tribes and ethnic bases. These deputies with enjoying their cultural background and their contribution tribal representatives in systematically Mongolian power revived Iranian political traditions and transfer their experiences in to the institutionalization of government.

The paper discusses some evidence regarding the Baloch-Portugese confrontation, attested in Balochi epic poetry. Due to the scarcity of reliable historical sources particularly on the encounters of the Portuguese with the Baloch, the information gathered from the epic poetry comes to fill that gap; it provides detailed description of not only the invasion of the Portuguese in Persian Gulf, but also the heroic battles the Baloch fought against the formers. In this particular cycle the famous epic figure of Hammal from the Hut clan appears as a central hero who eventually dies in captivity after numerous successful combats.

Relating to Qajars was one of the most important criteria in selection as Qajarid governors, however, the mentioned respect was observed to appointment of Kerman rulers. In spite of this, the other two families (non-Qajarid) i. e Bakhtiyari and Vakil oul-molki gained power in Kerman not on the mentioned basis of relating to Qajars. The Bakhtiyari Family ruled in Kerman from 1912 to 1923. Using the descriptive-analytic method, the present article seeks to answer the question that what factors and motivations effected on the selection of Bakhtiyari governors? Findings show the two aforementioned families ruled 28 of 135 years i. e. more than 20 percent which Qajarid rulers governed in Kerman. The period took 6/66 the whole of Qajars yoke in the city. The Bakhtiyari rulers depended on Britain drastically and their penetration was based on Britain exertion. Nevertheless, Appointment of them in Kerman and Baluchistan played a pivotal role in revitalizing of Britain power which had been threatened at the end of WWI.

Sassanid kings' advices were so valuable and rich that they were used practically in various political, social, religious, cultural and educational dimensions in the Sassanid period. Moreover, the advices were also considered in various dimensions by different groups of people such as: rulers, ministers and advice authors in Iran in Islamic period. Onsor ol mali is one of the advice authors in Iran in Islamic period who was also considered from ruler's group. Onsor ol mali's educational votes in Qabous-Nameh represent that he has been influenced by various sources in compiling them. The main question ofpresent writing is whether the Sassanid kings' pieces of advice can be considered as one of the main sources of Onsorolmali in compiling Onsorolmali? In researches accomplished on Qabous-Nameh and Onsorol mali educational votes origin, it hasn't been considered the effect of Sassanid kings' advices on Onsorol mali educational votes. The writing aims to analyze the effect of Sassanid kings' advices on Onsorolmali educational votes inQabous-Nameh which has been accomplished using librarian sources in historical method by describing, analyzing and comparing data.

With the advent of the Safavid and the defeats of the rulers of Aghouwinlu and their enslavement to Diyarbakir, significant political events took place in the area. With the outbreak of the Chaldoran War, which marked the intersection of the policies of Shah Isma'il Safavi and Sultan Salim Ottoman, Diyarbakir's emperors also engaged in political affairs among them. On the other hand, the permanent separation of Eastern Anatolia from the territory of Islamic Iran is one of the most important historical issues in which the role of the Kurds is also worthy of consideration. What was the position of the Kurdish Diyarbakir and the island in the policies of Shah Isma'il and the Ottoman Sultan, as well as its role in the outcome of the Chaldoran War? This research in an analytical and descriptive way is trying to answer the most recent questions. It seems that the manner in which Shah Ismayl interacted with the Kurdish tribes in the Diyarbakir area and the political orientation of these tribes has had a significant impact on the territorial changes between the Ottoman Empire. The study shows that the Kurdish tendency towards Aghqoyunlu princes, their involvement with Qizilbashes, the Qizilbash replacement policy instead of indigenous emirates, the failure of Chaldoran, and finally the role of religious issues and differences were influential in the separation Diyarbakir of the Safavid realm.

The social significance of some places in people's lives has long created a special culture in these places. A culture that has developed in the field of social interaction of people and rooted in their lives. Baths are one of the places that, due to the presence of different social classes, have become the place of the formation of cultural customs and the location of the expansion of certain occupations. In this research, in order to understand the status of the bath in people's lives, in a descriptive-analytical manner and with reference to the documents and the library sources, efforts have been made to answer the basic question that: What is the role of bathing in the old historical-social context of the old Iran,? So, in this study, in two parts: the characteristics of the bath as an architectural structure, and the bath culture and the common habits in it, have been addressed. The result of this study, while highlighting the importance of bathing in the ancient urban fabric of Iran, shows the development of certain beliefs and customs not only in the architecture of the bath room, but also in the behavior of people in this place.

In the ancient Persia, society was divided into three or four classes based on more ancient tradition. According to some scholars, this common legacy originates in the Indo-Europen period, traces of which can be found in the Indo-European societies and beliefs. It is important to find the fact that whether these classes were related to a religious belief and gods or they were brought about by a social role. What differences had the social classes in religious and non religious texts. Since most information of the classes refers to the texts in the Sasanian period, we are trying to find the division process in ancient Iran.

Despite its special and strategic importance, Baluchistan is one of the areas that has been neglected during the Qajar dynasty. Before 1928, this region was not much influenced by the cultural movement in Iran and education was limited. However, after the appointment of Reza Shah and the deployment of the army in this area, important steps were taken in line with the Baloch children's literacy. Hence, the present research is aimed to study the evolution and function of modern schools in Baluchistan. Considering the significance of the research subject, it is tried to identify the reasons for the lack of development and progress of modern schools in Baluchistan, the response of Balochi people to the establishment of modern schools, and the role of the military in the development of these schools in a historical descriptive-analytical study using library resources and newly-found documents. The findings indicated that after a military operation in Baluchistan and the deployment of the army in 1928, the government focused its attention on the establishment of new schools. Nevertheless, the Baluch people not only did not respond positively to such actions but also stubbornly resisted them. On the other hand, lack of governmental institutions and offices, large area of this region, unfamiliarity of Baluch people with the benefits of education, problems with the provision of books and writing materials, people’ s poverty and inability to provide uniform clothing, propaganda of religious clerics against modern schools, and the government’ s disregard for cultural affairs were the main barriers to the development and progress of modern schools in Baluchistan.

Jahangusha-i Naderi is written by Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi and is one of the most important refrences in histography of Afshariye era. The present qualitative study tries to show the social political reflection of writer's life via studying his methods and indices of writing the book. Paying attention to the historian's insight and method is a necessary matter in history clerkship and history criticism area. Insight and method are two unseparatable and related topics in history clerkship. Knowing the historian and his historic work are the first things to know his times and to derstand the historic passages in each period, being familiar with the insight and the method elements of them are necessary. The present writing is allocated to study the Mirza Mehdi Khan-e Astarabadi insight and method, who is the Tā riḵ-e jahā ngoš ā-ye nā deri writer, based on descriptive-analytic method. The historic writing, jahā ngoš ā-ye nā deri, is one of the history clerkship sources of Afshariyeh's dynasty. To search deeply about Astarabadi insight in this writing, the effective tendencies and believes of the historian are discussed in different basises like; tendency to the wish, best part, religious insight and tribal tendencies. There are other elements which are important in method discourse, for example; method specifications analysis, the sourse wich are used by the historian and etc that are studied in Astarabadi method analysis in the history of jahā ngoš ā-ye nā deri. The conclusions from this study show that to product and writing of this, there are some elements that affected on the insight and method of the history clerkship of these passages, for instance; texture, the writer's social situation, and individual tendencies, besides the language specifications, under the conditions and the time situations.