Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Year:2023 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background: The COVID-19 disease has worse outcomes in individuals with underlying diseases and elderly individuals. Therefore, identifying COVID-19 risk perception and its related factors and outcomes in vulnerable groups is essential for the health system. Objectives: This study aimed to determine COVID-19 risk perception, its related factors, and outcomes in vulnerable groups (individuals with underlying diseases, smokers, opioid addicts, the elderly, and pregnant women). Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was carried out using the keywords “, Risk perception”,and “, COVID-19”,in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, SID, Proquest, and Magiran databases in the period from 2019 to July 3, 2021. The quality of selected studies was checked by two authors independently according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional. Results: In the initial search, 640 articles were found, of which 56 remained in the screening phase. Then, the full text of 56 articles was studied. Eventually, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the articles, 8 articles were reviewed. This systematic review showed that suffering from an underlying disease, more anxiety, younger age, and female gender are associated with higher COVID-19 risk perception. The outcomes of COVID-19 risk perception were higher COVID-19 risk perception, delayed treatment sessions, increased anxiety and fear, increased ineffective safety behaviors, and greater compliance with health protocols. Conclusion: Creating sensitivity and proper COVID-19 risk perception is necessary to follow health protocols, but high COVID-19 risk perception can endanger vulnerable groups’,mental and physical health. Besides, reducing the sensitivity of vulnerable groups toward COVID-19 can expose them to the disease.

Background: People’, s attitude and performance regarding social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic plays a crucial role in determining the society’, s readiness to adopt new hygiene practices. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the attitude and performance of the adult population regarding social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Gerash, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study 623 adults in Gerash who were recruited through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was a self-designed social distancing attitude and performance questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 16. Results: The results showed that 66% of the participants were female, and 51% were aged between 18 and 29 years. The participants’,mean (SD) scores for attitude and performance were 19. 41 (2. 36) and 14. 76 (1. 75), respectively. Approximately 16% of the participants had a negative attitude and 15% had poor performance with regard to social distancing. The mean (SD) score of attitude and performance was significantly higher in females, married and older participants (p<0. 05). In addition, logistic regression showed that the performance of the subjects with a negative attitude was 0. 26 times that the performance with a positive attitude (P= 0. 001, OR= 0. 265). Conclusion: According to the study findings, it is recommended that the healthcare authorities in the city of Gerash take effective measures to educate the age group under 30 years, the male population, and single individuals to change their attitude and improve their performance to better control the spread of COVID-19.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure during tonsillectomy in children, and tracheal tube cuff pressure is subjected to fluctuation during this surgery due to changes in the position of the head and neck. Unusual changes in the tracheal cuff pressure can cause damage to the airway mucosa, tracheal mucosa ischemia, tracheal stenosis, and pulmonary aspiration. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate tracheal tube cuff pressure changes and associated factors during tonsillectomy surgery in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 children, 3-8 years of age. In this study, the ideal tracheal tube cuff pressure was designated to be 18 cmH2O and measured at four stages phases: after tracheal intubation, after changing the position of the head and neck, 15 minutes after intubation, and before extubation. The data was analysed using SPSS statistics version 26. Frequency (percentage), and mean (standard deviation), as well as Wilcoxon, Friedman, linear regression, and Wald chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: The means (standard deviations) of the cuff pressure following after intubation, after subsequent to changing the position of the head and neck, 15 minutes after intubation, and prior to before extubation were 26. 69 (6. 10), 29. 07 (8. 39), 29. 91 (5. 77), and 24. 12 (4. 72), respectively. The baseline cuff pressure had no statistically significant relationship with age, gender, tube size, BMI, and cuff pressure changes at the 15th minute (P>0. 05). The two variables of, gender and tube size, but not age and BMI (P>0. 05), were significantly correlated with cuff pressure change prior to extubation compared with baseline line cuff pressure (P<0. 05), but eithr age or BMI werenot significantly related to the change in cuff pressure prior to extubation compared with baseline cuff pressure (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Tracheal tube cuff pressure during tonsillectomy in children can increase due to the change of head and neck position, making monitoring of these changes necessary in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and an important public health concern. Several studies have investigated the prevalence of gestational diabetes in different parts of Iran with different results. Objectives: The present study aimed to review studies on gestational diabetes prevalence and estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Iran. Methods: A search on gestational diabetes mellitus and related synonyms was conducted using global and national databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, Magiran, Irandoc, Medlib. Moreover, gray literature and reference checks and a library search were conducted. Keywords included: prevalence, Iran, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and their synonyms. The inclusion criteria were observational studies (cross-sectional, prospective cohorts, and retrospective cohorts) published in Persian or English between 2000 and 2020 on the prevalence or incidence of gestational diabetes in Iran, a sample size of more than 100 people, and availably of full texts. The selected articles were thoroughly reviewed, and after quality assessment, the required information was extracted and included in the meta-analysis. Results: From 907 articles, 48 were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria, which included 51, 259 patients with an average age (standard deviation) of 27. 05 years (1. 83). The overall prevalence of GDM in Iran was 10% (11, 9: 95% confidence interval). The prevalence of GDM had increased in recent years, from 4% before 2005 to 16% in 2016 to 2020 (20, 12: 95% CI). There was significant heterogeneity between studies, and the I-square index was 98%. Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational diabetes in Iran is slowly increasing. The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes can heuaerht yrsueires the health of mothers, fetuses, and newborns in the near future.

Background: Following the spread of Covid-19 worldwide and the increase in the percentage of pregnant women suffering from the disease, it will be very important to investigate its consequences in pregnancy. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with symptoms of covid-19 admitted to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan in 2019-2020. Methods: In this study, the pregnancy outcomes in 89 pregnant women with symptoms of covid-19 admitted to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan were investigated with document review and file reading. The sampling method was complete enumeration. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected using a checklist and analyzed with descriptive statistics in SPSS version 22 Software. Results: The most common symptoms in hospitalized pregnant women were cough (51. 7%) and dyspnea (40. 4%). In the laboratory results of pregnant women, leukocytosis, fasting hyperglycemia, increased CRP and alkaline phosphatase were evident. In terms of maternal outcomes, 27% of women had more than one of the examined outcomes. 13. 5% had gestational diabetes and 11. 2% of mothers had a premature delivery. Regarding neonatal outcomes, fetal heart rate disorder, hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (37. 5%), and the need for resuscitation in the first minute (28. 1%) were the most reported outcomes. Conclusion: Considering the increase in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with symptoms of covid-19, it is suggested to plan for access to special care to improve the outcomes and implement awareness programs to prevent pregnant mothers from this infection.

Background: Widespread outbreaks of Coronavirus disease among Iranian people are not only associated with physical illness but also with psychological symptoms which need special attention. Objectives: This study was an endeavor to examine the relationship between comorbidity and death anxiety with Anxiety and Depressive Symptomatology among those survived after the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which the probands o survivors of COVID-19 participated. By means of convenient smpling method and adhering to selection criteria we chose 300 patients admitted for COVID-19 in a university affiliated hospital in Isfahan-Iran during the January 2020. We collected the data pertaining to their illness history, including information about their comorbidity and demographic background by means of an interview schedule with closed-ended questions. We used the Persian version of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were computer analyzed using SPSS-19 and running Hierarchical Log-linear analysis symptomatology in a saturated model. Results: Majority of the participants were female (64%) with the mean (SD) age of 44. 8 (12. 8) years. Positive comorbidity was accompanied by a higher chance of exhibiting depressive symptoms (OR=34. 67, df =1, P=0. 000). High death anxiety was accompanied by higher chances of anxiety-depressive symptoms (OR=90. 13, df =1, P=0. 00). Conclusion: These observations reinforce the hypothesis proposed on the basis of Hill‘, s (1958) ABC-X model and provided impetus to idea that how absence of comorbidity and positive perception of illness condition protect individuals from psychological hazards of COVID-19.

Background: Self-injury in adolescents refers to intentional behaviors that are not extrinsically motivated or do not have pre-determined intentions and impose costs on one’, s body image. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and positive-oriented therapy on the body image of female adolescents with a history of self-injury. Methods: This semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design was conducted on 45 female high school students in district 4 of Tehran in the year of 2021. Participants were randomly divided into three groups (two intervention groups and one control group). The data were collected using a demographic information checklist and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–, Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) developed by Cash et al. (2000). The collected data were analyzed through multiple analysis of variance (MANCOVA) with SPSS software 26. Results: The data revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean body image and the sub-scales scores in the three groups after the intervention appearance (F=18. 37,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 620), appearance orientation (F=0. 99,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 599), body areas satisfaction (F=11. 87,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 659), fitness orientation (F=15. 68,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 603), preoccupation with weight (P =23. 04,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 540), and body satisfaction (F=16. 69,P=0. 001,Eta=0. 613). The Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant difference in the effectiveness of two therapies in the participants’,body image (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of both compassion-focused and positive-oriented interventions on the body image, it is suggested that these interventions be used in female adolescents with a history of self-injury to reduce anxiety and improve mental well-being.

Background: Sleep disorders are common among hospitalized children. Aromatherapy is one of the interventions with demonstrated effectiveness in improving sleep quality. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of orange essential oil inhalation on the sleep quality of hospitalized children. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 children admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand selected by the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of orange essential oil receivers and the control group. In the intervention group, aromatherapy was performed every day for three days in three shifts (10 am, 4 pm, and at the usual bedtime). The researcher completed the BEARS sleep quality questionnaire at the beginning and end of the intervention period. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 16 statistical software and chi-square, Mann-Whitney, paired t-test, McNemar, and t-test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the children in the two groups (p>0. 05). The results showed no significant difference between the two study groups before the intervention regarding different sleep quality domains (p<0. 05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two studied groups in the domains of difficulty in falling asleep, waking up during the night, and disturbance in the regularity and duration of sleep (p<0. 05), and the intervention group had better scores than the control group. Conclusion: The present demonstrated that inhalation of orange essential oil had a favorable effect on the sleep quality of hospitalized children. This intervention can be introduced and implemented as an effective method to improve the sleep quality of hospitalized children.