STUDIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL (POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL)
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:38 |Papers Count:6

The role of nongovernmental organizations is, in fact, the crystallization of the formal and organized presence of a country's people in foreign relations and the interactive process of the international community; hence friendship associations are among the most effective actors in the field of public diplomacy. Recent developments in the international arena illustrate the fact that the role of friendship associations and popular institutions and unofficial organizations in the global equilibrium is expanding, and along with that, the role of governments in this connection is shrinking. Since they are involved in two key areas, namely, relations between nations and the international environment, their field of activity is very broad and wide-ranging.Today, the mere pursuit of classical practices does not in any way meet the needs of modern diplomacy. Increasing the ability to access large volumes of information and the speed of their transmission to audiences around the globe has challenged foreign policy management by governments. Traditional hierarchical models, in the light of communication technology, unwittingly translate their role into complex and uncontrolled networks, and diplomacy can be interpreted in an interlocking mechanism of government, the media, and public opinion. On the other hand, undoubtedly, for a long time, the pre-emptive era of hard power has passed, and in the modern and postmodern world, what more than any other factor determines the direction and process of affairs in the relations between states, and in particular the nations, the power of thought, dialogue, Pen, mutual understanding, and human communication.Achieving political, security and economic goals has always been one of the main goals of countries in formulating and enforcing its foreign policy. In order to study these goals, countries have traditionally embraced diplomacy based on political, military, and economic approaches. Nevertheless, in the early years of the third millennium, relatively new approaches to diplomacy have been put forward, with more attention and more emphasis recommends strategies and tools for foreign policy officials and designers. This article aims to explore cultural diplomacy as the role of friendship associations in international relations and the impact of cultural factors on diplomacy and how to effectively use "soft power" in advancing diplomacy in countries.

America's invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 that led to the fall of the Baathist regime was the beginning of a new era in relations between Iran and Iraq. The collapse of Saddam's regime, created a unique opportunity for the Islamic Republic to expand political and cultural power in Iraq. Although this occupation weaken Iraq and the elimination of direct threats of serious national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but the continued presence of trans-regional powers, internal instability in Iraq, the uncertain future of northern Iraq and increasing regional role of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other countries. region and more important than all this continued bumpy device foreign policy we compared to other regional competitors, threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran increased so as to increase the role of regional, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Israel the recent military alliance between the two countries, Israel has allowed itself in terms of geography Close to Iran and the presence in northern Iraq to counter Iran closer to your goals. In this paper, factors and elements affecting national security after the occupation of Iraq has been analyzed.

With the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Completely new conditions for playing a more active role in the country's economic, political, defense and regional and international security.This research intends to use research methods and analytical -explanatory compiled a library of resources to techniques, to examine the changes and evolution of the defense and security policy in Germany in the period after the cold war.The hypothesis of this research is based on the claim that the resulting space after the end of the cold war and developments in the regional and international level, such as the breakdown of Yugoslavia, the Balkan crisis and the events of September 11, 2001 caused a fundamental transformation in the German defense and security policy, and this country is to adopt an active regional and international strategy.

By Turkey's Islamists coming to power in 2002 and the victory of Justice and Development Party, a model of foreign policy making has been formed by political leaders of this country titled "Neo-Ottomanism". Components ruling this policy-making were "zeroing problems with neighbors" on one hand, and efforts to provide new face of Muslim Turkey as "model of democracy, freedom and human rights" in Middle East and other peripheral regions of this country. The aim of Neo-Ottomanism was revival of the cultural, political, economic and even military influence of the country on regions that were considered part of Ottoman Empire in near historical past. Adopting and persuasion of this policy led to increase in influence of this country in Middle East, especially in Arabic revolutions and faces Iranian traditional and strategic areas and interests in Middle East to create major issues in bilateral relations of two countries. Investigation of why and how this meeting of interests that are mainly affected by foreign policy of Neo-Ottomanism of Turkey is the aim of this study. The research findings gathered by cross-sectional study, and using library resources and documents in constructivism theory suggest that the norms and identity of Turkey's Islamist government policy makers are in conflict with Iranian policymakers, so, it is observed that Turkey's Neo-Ottomanism would meet of interests between the two countries in the Middle East.

Although already in South West Asia, the Islamic Republic of Iran is the only country with a nuclear power plant, but in the coming years, the country will not remain unrivaled in the nuclear industry. Turkey, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabic are countries that plan to have nuclear power plant in the future. This paper examines the history, goals and current status of the nuclear energy program of the Republic of Turkey. there are most of the initial capacity and historical motives for moving toward nuclear energy in Turkey. But especially since the AKP came to power in 2002 and the success of Iran's nuclear program more attention to nuclear plant construction in Turkey. The purpose of This paper is examining nuclear energy program of Turkey. The main question of paper is, "Why the Turkish government's nuclear energy program has followed more than six decades?" It seems that concerns about dependence on energy imports and the quest for energy security are the most important reasons for Turkey to achieve "nuclear. capability". Review and analysis of the data shows that in the near future Turkey's first nuclear power plant will be operate.

Expeditiously regaining its position on the Energy market, Natural Gas has become a strategic commodity during recent decades. Hence Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation due to having this divine blessing, have got a special importance in this domain. Though Iran has not benefited from this strategic commodity in the International fields as expected; The utilization has been just limited to domestic usage. However, signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPA), made new ways for industrial developments and exports ahead of Iran. Alongside the west, one of the key players in this field, is the Russian Federation. Therefore, the question arises that what’s the perspective ahead on the post JCPA Iran-Russia gas relations and in this regard, what are the policy making requirements for strategic partnership? Responsively, considering the increase in gas export capacity from post-JCPA opportunities, the two countries will have a simultaneously competitive and cooperative atmosphere; Meanwhile, the dominance of competition or cooperation depends on the political and security considerations of the two countries on different levels. At the moment the changes in Syria and Ukraine crises have provided a fertile ground for cooperation. Accordingly, the relations have led to the strategic partnership, for preserving and promoting, the respective policy makers should consider some requirements in the document of future perspective for gas policies.