Journal of Applied Psychological Research
Year:2017 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulus on selective attention in dual task paradigm. By semi-experimental method 28 students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were recruited (mean age: 25.32±2.46) by at available sampling method and assigned into experimental and Sham equally groups. Participants were asked to perform dual task test of Stroop’s effect before and after transcranial stimulus. The test included four stimulus onset synchronized of 50, 100, 300 and 900 thousandth of a second between two stimuli in three Stroop’s effect conditions with dual task paradigm. The results of the mix analysis of variance revealed that the mean of reaction time in experimental group was better than the other one (p<0.05), therefore, it can result that the transcranial stimulus of prefrontal cortex method decreased the effect of psychological refractory period. Thus this method can improve the capacity of selective attention or information process in humankind.

Impulsiveness, the individual's tendency to respond quickly to a given stimulus without reflectivity and evaluation of the consequences, is considered as a determinant component of several psychiatric disorders. Dimensions of impulsiveness including lack of discipline, motor impulsiveness, and cognitive impulsiveness could influence different aspects of depression and anxiety disorders. The main aim of this study was to compare impulsiveness in patients with major depression and anxiety disorders with and normal individuals. This study demonstrates the differences of impulsivity among the three attending groups in this study. A total of 224 individuals (87 depressed, 64 anxious, 73 normal) participated in this study voluntarily. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the psychological disorders, both the patient and normal groups were asked to complete the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Barratt, 1994). The results revealed that depressed patients reported significantly higher levels of motor impulsiveness and lack of descipline than did anxious patients and normal individuals. Anxious patients reported higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness than did depressed patients as well as higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness and lack of discipline than did normal individuals. Normal individuals reported lower levels of impulsiveness than did the two groups of depressed and anxious patients. Comparison of dimensions of impulsiveness in patients and normal individuals provides evidence of the possible impact of pathological impulsivity on the development and/or continuity of depression and anxiety disorders. The difference between levels and dimensions of impulsiveness of the two groups of depressed and anxious patients also could explain their differences in terms of the kind of psychological disorders.

The current study is done with the purpose of studying the effectiveness of behavioral-cognitive intervention training in decreasing the students test anxiety and shyness. The present study was a pre-test-post-test qasi-experimental method with with a controlled group. Statistical population included all secondary school students of Khorramabad city who were studying in the educational year 95-96. Sample of this study was composed of 30 students who were selected with multi-stage random sampling method, and were placed in two experimental groups and control groups (each consisted of 15 persons). Research tools included test anxiety questionnaire (TAQ) Sarason (1960) and shyness questionnaire (SQ) Cheek & Buss (1983). Data using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were analyzed. Research results show that cognitive-behavioral intervention training decreases Test anxiety and Shyness in students (F-72.63, P<0.001). So pay attention to importance cognitive-behavioral intervention due to the decrease it causes in students Test anxiety and Shyness is of an importance and holding courses in this area is recommended.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-compassion among students. The statistical population of this study includes Yazd university students studying in 2015-2016 academic year. A sample of 375 students was selected through stratified sampling strategy. Shearing emotional intelligence questionnaire included self-motivation, self-awareness, social consciousness, social skills and self-control and Neff self-compassion questionnaire included self-kindness, self-criticism, a sense of common humanity, isolation, mind fullness and overidentifing were the instruments of this research. The research instruments were distributed among the students and they were asked to answer all the questions. The instruments were proved to have content validity and the reliability of them was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used. The result of correlation matrix shows a positive and significant relationship between the emotional intelligence and self-compassion (p<0.001). The results of structural equation modeling show there is a positive and significant relationship between these two variables and fitness of model is good.

What in logo therapy is considered as a pillar is meaning and purposeful of life. The same phenomenon exists in religion too and it affects the religious orientation and consequently mental relaxation of adolescences. This study investigated the effectiveness of group logo therapy on religious orientation and mental health in maladjusted adolescents. The statistical population of this study was maladaptive male students in secondary schools of Kerman who were referred to the counseling center of the Department of Education due to lack of compatibility in schools. During academic year of 1395-96 the number is 140 people. The sample was 30 male maladjusted students from the mentioned population. The initial 30 students were selected and recognized as maladjusted students using the adjustment inventory of high school students (AISS). Sample group had been matched with a view to academic achievement and IQ coefficient. They were randomly divided in two groups (15 students in experimental and 15 students in control group). The experimental group received philosophical logo therapy training schedule in ten meetings (every meeting about 90 minutes) and control group received no intervention. Pretest and post-test were an inventory including religious orientation and mental health (BioPSSI) scales. For the data analysis, mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that group logo therapy training have a significant effect on religious orientation and mental health in maladjusted students (P<0.01). Group logo therapy, with an emphasis on structures such as finding personal meaning in life and the meaning of suffering and the use of unique techniques and tasks given to subjects, is an effective way to influence religious orientation and subsequently mental health of adolescents.

The current study aimed to compare driving violations and driving errors of addicted, under-treatment and healthy drivers. Also, the influence of aberrant driving behavior on traffic safety (accidents and tickets) for each group was assessed. A total of 240 volunteers filled up Driving Behavior Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire asking about driving experience and history of substance was used. ANCOVA and MANCOVA with age, gender, education, and hours of driving per week, and the years of driving experience as covariates indicated that compared to healthy drivers, addicted and under-treatment drivers reported higher rate of aggressive violations, ordinary violations, errors, lapses, accidents and tickets. Among addicted there was significant relationship between the number of accidents and driving errors. Their number of tickets was related to ordinary driving violations. For the under-treatment group, the number of accidents were related to ordinary violations, aggressive violations, errors and lapses. Their number of tickets was related to aggressive violations, ordinary violations and errors. For healthy individuals none of the correlations were significant. Addicted and under-treatment individuals violate traffic regulations and drive erroneously more than healthy individuals, resulting in decrease in traffic safety.

The purpose of this study was to design and identify Emotion-Focused counseling model on Islamic ethics on incompatible couples' Happiness. The research method was experimental and in the framework of a pseudo-experimental design of a pre-test and post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was selected from 30 volunteers of all clients’ couples referring to Yara counseling center in Saveh city in the second six months of 1395. The information gathering tool was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The program was run for 10 sessions of 90-minute group counseling for the test group but the control group did not receive any training. The findings indicated that the designed model had an appropriate validity, and significantly increased the happiness mean and its components namely: life satisfaction, positive mood, well-being mental, self-efficacy but there was no significant effect on the other component which was self-esteem. It can be concluded that an Emotion-Focused Counseling Based on Islamic ethics model can drive inconsistent couples from insecure attachment to secure attachment, more emotional control and more intimate as an applied and effective way.