Geographical Planning of Space
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:14

One of urban planning goals is the improvement of quality public spaces. The existence of standard urban furniture, not only is a necessity of these spaces, but it also has a major role in citizen satisfaction of them. This research has a descriptive and analytical methodology and a theoretical and functional approach, and it was carried out in 2015 with the purpose of analyzing and measuring satisfaction of urban furniture in public spaces with the use of surveys. In this research, 400 samples have been randomly selected for questioning by using Cochran formula. 33 variables have been used to measure and analyze the status of furniture in the area under study. The reliability of the instrument was calculated as 0. 891 using Cronbach's alpha. The goodness of fit of the data with the use of Kolmogorov– Smirnov test shows a significance degree of less than alpha (0. 05), therefore, our data distribution is abnormal, so nonparametric tests have been used. For data analysis, Spearman's coefficient, chi-square regression and factor analysis have been used to determine the main factors affecting the variable of satisfaction. In addition, SPSS and GIS software have been used to process, analyze and extract the information. The findings showed that A) The satisfaction level of this area's urban furniture is lower than the theoretical average and B) The satisfaction of some elements such as flooring is higher than the theoretical average compared to other factors. At the end, according to the research findings, some recommendations have been offered to optimize urban furniture.

Due to the increasing development and population of cities, especially in metropolises like Tabriz, providing their basic needs is of particular importance. Educational land use as a service-offering center is of paramount importance and has higher demand when it is compared with other land uses. A descriptive-analytic method has been used to carry out the present research. Its aim was to provide an optimal site selection for elementary educational centers in region 4 of Tabriz municipality. Analytic hierarchical Process (AHP) and weighting effective criteria along with Expert Choice and Geographical Information System (GIS) software were used for site selection. The results of layers’ integration showed that elementary educational spaces do not have uniform spatial distribution in the studied region and a number of students do not have radius adequate access to region In training centers, criteria such as proximity to green space, cultural, religious land use sports and site selection criteria were not met. Actually they were in unfavorable conditions in their distance from military, cemetery, office, healthcare, industrial and commercial land uses. It should be noted that all the schools were in favorable condition since they were close to the residential land use. Finally, due to the integration of spatial indices, apt areas in the region have been identified for the construction of new centers.

Lifestyle concept that the twentieth century onwards due to urbanization and industrial growth and increasing social isolation that Western society was formed arises. Iran also enjoys the trappings of modernity and rural communities benefit, means changing consumption pattern of rural areas. Housing as one of the basic needs of human consumption has been affected by these changes. This study examines the impact of lifestyle changes on the pattern of rural housing in the town of Neka city. Research methods, and applications of descriptive-analytic study. The population study of 20 rural households in the city of Neka using Cochran's method, a sample size of 256 households from 10 villages were selected. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the pattern of rural housing and rural lifestyle changes is studied 658/0. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, the influence of the values of all parameters lifestyle, dress, food, leisure and consumption in the model is significant and the most effective diet and nutrition, leisure activities and the coefficients 0. 538 and 0. 526 reserved. According to the findings of the research in the area of housing patterns, identifying and developing the positive aspects of rural life and light, and attention to the welfare of villagers in rural housing, rural housing and rules relating to safety and resistance patterns of urban housing it is suggested that in conformity with the culture and environment of the village. According to the findings of the research in the area of housing patterns, identifying and developing the positive aspects of rural life and light, and attention to the welfare of villagers in rural housing, rural housing and rules relating to safety and resistance patterns of urban housing it is suggested that in conformity with the culture and environment of the village.

Rapid urbanization along with the social, economical and political transformations has been caused to an uneven pattern of urban and consequently the heterogeneous distribution of facilities such as economic resources across the country, including the province of East Azerbaijan. The present research is a practical study which utilizes "descriptive-analytical" methodology in order to analyze the spatial indicators of economic development in the province of East Azerbaijan. The evaluated indicators of this study are 14 economic indicators of East Azerbaijan province’ s counties. . For analyze the data TOPSIS-Fuzzy technique has been used. The result show that there is big gap between Tabriz County as the center of East Azerbaijan Province with 4. 12 distance to S+ and 8. 91 distance to S-and other cities of Province such as Ahar County as a second city of province with 7. 98 distance to S+ and 4. 97 distance to S-regarding the enjoyment of economic development indicators. Meanwhile Khodaafarin, Charoymagh and Jolfa counties are the most poor. The result indicate a Center-Periphery pattern regarding the enjoyment of economic development indicators among the counties of East Azerbaijan Province. This issue need new attention in order equal distribution of economic development indicators throughout the Province. The present research is a practical study which utilizes "descriptive-analytical" methodology in order to analyze the spatial indicators of economic development in the province of East Azerbaijan. The evaluated indicators of this study are 14 economic indicators of East Azerbaijan province’ s counties. In order to collecting the data, the East Azerbaijan Province Governor General 1391 statistical data have been used. For analyze the data TOPSIS-Fuzzy technique has been used. The result show that there is big gap between Tabriz County as the center of East Azerbaijan Province with 4. 12 distance to S+ and 8. 91 distance to S-and other cities of Province such as Ahar County as a second city of province with 7. 98 distance to S+ and 4. 97 distance to S-regarding the enjoyment of economic development indicators. Meanwhile Khodaafarin, Charoymagh and Jolfa counties are the most poor. The result indicate a Center-Periphery pattern regarding the enjoyment of economic development indicators among this counties

The great development of the tourism industry in the world, and many of these approaches have their status as a significant improvement And many problems such as unemployment, low income, low income per capita and currency cover. Due to the significant impact of tourism on the economy of tourists on their receptive attention is directed to the field of activity. In this paper the obstacles to sustainable development Tourism And the impact of tourism on sustainable development in city of tonekabon measure is Using factor analysis in The four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical Among the various factors that can affect the urban sustainable development, tourism and the consequences of it. So that a comprehensive review of the impact of tourism development in an urban area, it is necessary to examine it in terms of sustainable urban development. In this paper aims to identify and analyze the obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city's Tonekabon. Methods In this study, analytical and data collection questionnaire is. Samples using Cochran formula is obtained Tonekabon 323 of the heads of households who were selected randomly and systematically. In order to assess the obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city Tonekabon, using factor analysis, 38 variables in four dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and physical) were tested. Finally, constraints on seven factors were classified separately, the results show: Stability obstacles 74. 75% of the total variance accounted for 16. 12% of the special physical environmental barriers to known as the main obstacle.

In projects related to linear infrastructure such as Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines, to reduce damage to the environmental resources and the sustainable development goals, considering the environmental characters in is vital. However, in the traditional methods, the technological and engineering aspects of the area were considered more than the environmental characteristics. Nowadays, Geographic Information System is recognized as an effective and efficient tool to help experts to make a better and easier decision in any linear infrastructures project. One of the most useful applications of GIS is to determine the least cost and effect way to connect two different points in the process of designing a linear infrastructure. In the present study, a linear infrastructure project was examined using Least Cost Path Analysis method on a combination of multiple criteria using Multi-Criteria Evaluation. According to 12 criteria out of total 20 criteria (factors and restriction) examined in this research, the proposed route provided by the LCPA method is more suitable than the rout proposed by the experts using the traditional method. In addition, the routes are the same in four other criteria. The method used in this research applied more environmental criteria therefore, more attention to the environmental aspects of the area can be seen. It could be concluded that applying the result of this study could reduce more negative environmental impacts of the project and could also reduce project costs. The results of this method can be used as the basic framework in linear infrastructures routing for designers and managers.

Today the urban tolerability is one of the most important approach to the key approaches which is the guarantee for human settlements. This approach guidance to authorities and those involved in the decisions use of the flexible new approach to urban management. In this regard and considering that the city of Ardabil is a city which has always been threatened by natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, etc., so check the status of tolerability and factors that can tolerability the city, and is the important. The purpose of this paper tolerability to natural hazards is the the city of Ardabil. Apart from the exploratory research, descriptive and analytical. In order to collect information, the library and a survey using a questionnaire, and to assess the tolerability the city of Ardabil of factor analysis and statistical average test t-Test in SPSS 22 software was used. . Research findings show that the highest frequency and lowest related to the body with a 3/57 then 2/94 institution is average. . Meanwhile, the average overall tolerability the city of Ardabil is 3. 33, which is lower than average, the figure 4. The results showed that the combination of 30 variables, identified seven factors that 73/74 percent of the variance factors in the city of Ardabil tolerability account. Among these factors, the operating principles and rules as the most important factor, which is the first specific amount of 29/59% of the variance R 8/87 alone could explain. In the end investigation concluded that the the physical in the city of Ardabil tolerability is important. Because the principles and rules of access to open space and 39 percent and 8. 5 percent of the the physical are public. These two factors together 44/8 percent of total resiliency factors in Ardabil city interpret.

In recent years, land subsidence creates a serious environmental disaster in various places of the Iran. Land subsidence is a geomorphic phenomenon that caused by several factors; sometimes it is influenced by natural factors but in many cases occurs due to human intervention specially uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater from aquifers. There are several methods to measure the land subsidence including the use of GPS (Global Positioning System), the precise leveling and remote sensing techniques, particularly Interferometric Synthetic Aperture RADAR (InSAR) method. Between these methods, the InSAR technique is the sufficient method for ground surface deformations. In this research, the land subsidence phenomenon in Gorgan has been investigated by the InSAR technique using ENVISAT radar images. Gorgan is the capital of Golestan province in Northeast of Iran. The tectonic situation of the studied area is very complex; this area is located between the uplifting Kopeh-Dagh belt to the West, subsiding South Caspian region to the east and uplifting Alborz mountain range to the South. The results show that the north of Gorgan has experienced subsidence in the period of 2007/01/26 to 2009/12/11 (34 months and 15 days). The subsided area has almost east– west trend which is consistent with the trend of tectonic structures. The amount of displacement is calculated about 4. 8 cm. The graphs of the rainfall and groundwater level changes with time in Gorgan for the period of 2007/01/26 to 2009/12//11 show a downward trend, despite of seasonal fluctuations. The consequences of this decline in groundwater levels may lead to land subsidence in the study area.

Today, tourism as one of the main sources of income, has a major role in the economy in the countries with high potential in terms of tourist attractions (natural, social and cultural) have been more interesting. Iran is one of the top ten countries in the world is enjoying the attractions and Khorasan is one of the most attractive regions of the country. Khorasan Razavi province with about 456 points of historical tourism, natural and religious tourism is one of the attractive areas of the country. In addition, the number 30 has been detected in the area of tourism. This appeal requires consideration and planning. So is it with the right capacities to plan accordingly to enjoy the features and attractions of each region to best use And can be used to develop the province. Cartographical paper tourism development model in Khorasan Razavi province With Gunn model )1979) and is presented using GIS. At the beginning of the tourist attractions of the province was prepared to identify and map its spatial distribution. After a variety of attractions in 9 categories based on valuation models, participants in the AHP model of Khorasan Razavi province in tourism zoning. Top rated on the basis of political divisions in order to benefit from the attractive city of Sabzevar, Mashhad and Nyshabour was dedicated. Finally, based on the classification of each city's large cities were normalized and actual positions. It also displays the rank of a zoning areas also see the value of the various attractions that the results can be based on the amount and level of planning policies in the area of each action, though it can be but different interpretations of the zoning presented as a suitable and efficient model in the Spatial planning of tourism and the macro level, the tourism sector, especially tourism will be useful for policy makers.

Introduction Today tourism is a very important socio-economic phenomenon in the world and according to the World Tourism Organization, it is currently the largest industry in the world (Movahed & Dolatshah, 2011). Tourism activities are considered as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture, industry and services. Experts predict that up to 2020, it will become the world's most profitable industry so that it is called as invisible export (Najafi Kani, 2009). The growth of the tourism industry in the past two decades is estimated to be 70%. The huge amount of money along with employment directly and indirectly has motivated many countries in the world with their natural capabilities and cultural and historical heritage to make an effort to allocate a share of this economy to them (Papoli Yazdi & Saghayi, 2006). Perhaps that is why Lewis Turner considers tourism as the most prospecting and complicated industry which third world faces and believes that tourism is the best alternative for other lucrative industries (Rayan, 1995) so that scientists consider it as a passport for development (Zangiabadi, 2006). Tourism refers to a set of activities and measures which take place related to a tourist along with all the activities that a tourist does while traveling outside of his homes. The main feature of tourism is that in the first place it refers to a trip away from home or work and second that it is a short-term stay sometimes without a night stay (Dakhili Kahnamuyi, 2007). Tourism consists of three basic dimensions: capital, management, technology and two sub-elements of the natural factors as well as a set of cultural heritage. Among the factors that shape the organization and structure of tourism, one of its main foundations is the existence of capital and appropriate technology as an infrastructure which alters the tourism process (Papoli & Saghai, 2006; Abdolmaleki, 2008). Tourism, by developing the first residential-commercial centers for tourists, brings about some changes in destination and with a fast growth contributes to immigration.

Forage growing natural areas dedication to villagers in the framework of codified scientific plans could play an important role in the livelihood of villagers and the assessment of this plans result in noticeable help to planners to obtaining participation of rural stakeholders and will led to natural areas conservation. This study aimed to assess the effect of natural areas dedication to rural stakeholders in the framework of codified scientific plans from the standpoint of stakeholders and experts. This study was carried out based on survey methods. The number of samples was determined 37 stakeholders absent in rangeland ranches and 40 experts using the Cochran formula which have selected in random-categorizing method. Data analysis was performed using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis in SPSS version 16. The results showed that the relation between the variables of: stakeholder's training, improving economic capability of stakeholder's family through rangeland improvement and restoration plans, improving economic capability of stakeholder's family through combination of cultivation and ranching and improving economic capability of stakeholder's family through granting credits with the level of success in forage growing natural areas dedication to rural stakeholders in the framework of codified scientific plan are statistically significant at the level 0. 01. The results gained from multiple regression analysis by stepwise method show that mentioned independent variables, specified 79 percent of effective factors on the success of forage growing natural areas dedication to rural stakeholders. Despite the economic problems of stakeholders in natural areas, we recommend special attention to create jobs and attract young workers in participation of codified scientific plans. Despite the economic problems of stakeholders in natural areas, we recommend special attention to create jobs and attract young workers in participation of codified scientific plans.

Cities today, must use natural structure to stay sustainable; because they involved in increased environmental pollution and residential sprawl, and so quality of life in they, reduced. Urban green structure as a sustainable solution for cities, solve the environmental problems and coordinates the urban structure. Shahreza as the case study of this study, has good potentials for greenness, but its urban green spaces not coordinate to a prorated green structure, and so, can’ t prepare environmental needs of residents. In fact, this research wants to answer the question that is Shahreza’ s green structure criteria near standards and how we can increase them. This article is analytical-implicational. It use library and field study to collect data and quantitative and qualities’ indicators to analyze. At the end, with AHP method and using GIS software, we optimized location of green spaces in urban green structure based on valuation macro-structure metrics and drawn space structure of Shahreza. Evaluation five criteria of green structure in large scale in Shahreza, shows that despite the high percentage of green spaces in the city-because of its surrounding gardens and fields-as well as relatively high per capita urban green space (not local), the city is very poor in terms of local green spaces; So because lack of local green spaces, placement of local spaces is very important in city. As a result of the research, we located green spaces in Shahreza and determine the Green structure. According to any criterion, we offered proposals for design green structure of Shahreza, such as designing neighborhood green spaces, preventing excessive horizontal growth of the city and create a hierarchy access to green spaces.

This paper with goal of study the impact of social capital on quality of life (both objective and subjective) in the planned urban areas is going for promote the quality of life in these areas by increasing social capital. The studied area is Jahed neighborhood, located in the region 12 of Mashhad city. Criteria and indicators of social capital, objective and subjective quality of life have been developed on 4 levels hierarchical. Used method is practical in terms of target and correlation cross-sectional in terms of method. Data collection was conducted by library and field and using the Cochran formula 372 people were chosen as sample size and distribution method of the questionnaire is simple random. For data analysis SPSS and AMOS software were used. Results: There is a significant relationship between social capital and quality of life and the impact of social capital on quality of life is more than objective quality of it. Also the amount of social capital and mental quality of life of residents in the Jahed shahr neighborhood by residents point views is evaluated moderate to poor and amount of objective quality of life in moderate to high. This paper with goal of study the impact of social capital on quality of life (both objective and subjective) in the planned urban areas is going for promote the quality of life in these areas by increasing social capital. The studied area is Jahed neighborhood, located in the region 12 of Mashhad city. Criteria and indicators of social capital, objective and subjective quality of life have been developed on 4 levels hierarchical. Used method is practical in terms of target and correlation cross-sectional in terms of method. Data collection was conducted by library and field and using the Cochran formula 372 people were chosen as sample size and distribution method of the questionnaire is simple random. For data analysis SPSS and AMOS software were used. Results: There is a significant relationship between social capital and quality of life and the impact of social capital on quality of life is more than objective quality of it.

Today, the needs to plan for sustainability is increasingly important to the city and settlement system of Yazd in order to countermeasure the security risks. Such risks include urban terrorist attacks, riots, anarchy, war and natural disasters such as earthquake, which threatens the development and security of the area due to inherent problems which provides a dysfunctional situation. To recognize the intervention strategies aimed to improve and reduce vulnerability of Yazd old texture, this investigation is carried out by measuring the elites’ points of views in the Questionnaire of SWOT model, (evolved and completed in AHP method) and matrix was quantitatively planned and intervention strategies of Yazd city were developed. Surveys based on the SWOT analysis in connection with effective factors makes it clear that urban management performance in the city management, road network, rehabilitation and housing development in order to improve safety and security in the city of Yazd old texture have been unsuccessful and so in order to overcome the inherent and potential threats, it shows that the strengths and opportunities in the distressed area haven't been exploited properly. This is confirmed by internal factors evaluation matrix with the 2. 77 and external factors evaluation matrix with the 3. 05 which indicates the need to approach them in a Chart exhibit, to overcome the available threats. Finally strategies such as the production of safe space, accelerating the depopulation by modifying the road network and presenting the safe sample construction by urban management, are suggested which include the passive defense municipal operational programs.