JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND CARE
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background & objectives: Psychological factors play a major role in the escalation and relapse. Because Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease which is the leading cause of many psychological problems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress, marital satisfaction and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis.Method: This research was a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest study design using control group for follow up. Among all women with Multiple Sclerosis at the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Iran, 24 MS patients with relapsing-remitting were selected through convenience sampling and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, experimental group went under 8 treatment sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were evaluated before and after treatment and at follow-up with QOL questionnaire, psychological distress and marital satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including mixed analysis of variance (p<0.01 meaningful level) using SPSS-22 statistical software.Results: The mean age in the experimental and control groups respectively were 30±9.64 and 29±10.25 years, and the mean of infection in intervention and control groups respectively, were 5±6.61 and 4±6.12 years. Both groups of patients were married and had relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. The results showed that average of variables such ad psychological distress, marital satisfaction and quality of life increased while; control group was not observed this trend. Also, mixed analysis of variance indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy resulted in a significant reduction in psychological distress, enhance the quality of life and marital satisfaction in women with Multiple Sclerosis, The effects lasted for up to three months after treatment.Conclusion: According to the present study results and impact of psychological factors in process of MS, it is suggested that acceptance and commitment therapy should be used to improve the situation of women who suffering from Multiple Sclerosis.

Background & objectives: Post-partum depression affects the mother's health, family relationships and child's training, negatively. Therefore, determining the related reasons, in especial in the women who have the first delivery and will experience the physical and mental changes of such event in their life is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of social support as well as the kind of child delivery in order to predict the post-partum depression in such group of women.Methods: The statistical population of this correlational-descriptive study consists of all women in the nulliparous women who have been referred to the medical centers of Kerman during 2016. Among them, 205 were chosen by a cluster and convenience sampling methods. The measurement tools were including demographic features questionnaire, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), and social support questionnaire (MOS-SSS). Data were analyzed with SPSS software using logistic regression and T-test method.Results: In total, 102 individuals have degrees of postpartum depression and the rest of the patients were non-depressed. The results showed that the possibility of depression emergence in these women, after child delivery based on the decrease of factors such as emotional-informational support, emotional support and positive social interaction support were about 40.18, 10.1 and 5.55%, respectively. Also, the possibility of depression in this group after delivery regarding the kind of delivery was 27%. As well, the women who had caesarian delivery significantly were more depressed rather than whom had natural delivery (p<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, more attention should be paid to increase social support for women who will go into the first labor; and also the preventive treatments must be considered for women give birth a child by caesarian section.

Background & objectives: Stroke as a chronic disease requires patient’s participation in the care. Inadequate education and self-care deficit in older adults can weaken and reduce the quality of life in them. E-Learning enables a new type of relationship gives patients, care, education, and patient-centeredness and experience. This study aimed to investigate the effect of e-learning on the quality of life in patients with stroke.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 64 patients who referred to Al-Zahra hospital, neurology ward, hospital in 2013, according to inclusion criteria. Participant was randomly allocated in two groups of control and experiment. In the intervention group electronic education was implemented for one month. Data were collected based on the demographic characteristic, Stroke specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL). The measurement was performed before and after the electronic learning. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests of independent t-test and paired t-test.Results: At baseline, the mean scores of quality of life were not significantly different before intervention in the study and control groups. After intervention, quality of life score was significantly different between two groups. Mean scores of quality of life were 191 in the intervention group and 148.3 in control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: Electronic education improves the quality of life of stroke patients in the intervention group after education. According to the benefits of electronic education, using and planning of this method is recommended.

Background &objectives: Today many theorists in etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) believe that a deficit in behavioral inhibition is a cause of appearing the symptoms of this disorder. Thus the frequency of high-risk behaviors in people with this disorder is expected to be remarkable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the high-risk behaviors in students who are sufferers and the non- sufferers of ADHD.Methods: The study was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population included all students studying in the academic year 2015-16 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Among them two groups, with and without ADHD were selected through the convenience sampling method. There were 23 people in each group and this sample size was determined by Gpower application. Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I), Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV and risk-taking scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS-18.Results: The findings showed that students with ADHD had more high-risk behaviors in dangerous driving, tendency to violence (p=0.01) and a tendency to sexual risk-taking (p=0.05) compared with those without this disorder. But there was not a significant difference among them in other high-risk behaviors.Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that high-risk behaviors are more common in students with ADHD compared with those without this disorder.

Background & objectives: nurses, because of their nature of their profession continuously face with many issues. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of work addiction and perfectionism on marital stress and social skills of nurses.Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population included of all nurses in the city of Arak. To select the sample, multistage cluster sampling was used and included 220 nurses as subject. To collect data, Matson Social Skills (1983), Robinson’s work addiction questionnaire (1999), Stockholm-Tehran Persian version of Gomer and colleagues Marital Stress Scale questionnaire (2000) and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale hoyt and Felt (1991)were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression by SPSS-19.Results: Results showed that There were significant negative relationships between the self oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, general perfectionism, obsessive desire to work, control, self-worth and general work addiction with social skills of nurses (p<0.01).In contrast, there were no significant relationship between community-oriented perfectionism, the destruction of relationships and weakness in to undertake their roles with social skills. On the other hand, there is positive and significant relationship the obsessive desire to work, control, self-worth, general work addiction, self-oriented perfectionism (p<0.05) and general perfectionism (p<0.01) with marital stress.Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that extreme perfectionism by raising irrational ideals and work addiction with one-dimensional activities nurses may reduce social and interpersonal skills which finally can lead to marital stress.

Background & objectives: One of the important areas of health of the elderly persons is its psychological aspect that requires special attention and prevention of disorders such as anxiety in them. Death anxiety as an abnormal fear of his death undermines effective compatibility. This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive fusion, locus of control and cognitive avoidance in the prediction of death anxiety in the elderly.Method: The conducting method was a descriptive and correlative study. The statistical population of this study included all the male elderly over-60 years old of Ardabil in 2016, which 108 persons of them were selected as the study sample using the convenience sampling. For data collection, the cognitive fusion scale (CFQ), locus of control scale (RLOC), cognitive avoidance scale (CAQ) and death anxiety scale (DAS) were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests in SPSS 21 statistical software.Findings: The study results showed a significant positive relationship between cognitive fusion and death anxiety (r=0.41, p<0.05) and a significant negative relationship between locus of control and death anxiety (r=-0.46, p<0.05). Additionally, a significant positive relationship existed between cognitive avoidance and death anxiety (r=0.42, p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that cognitive fusion 0.31, locus of control -0.36 and cognitive avoidance 0.30 significantly predict death anxiety of the elderly persons (p<0.05).Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive fusion, locus of control and cognitive avoidance are considered the predicting variables related to death anxiety.

Background & objectives: Marriage is the start point in the family formation and it has been approved as the highest social practice to achieve emotional and security needs for adults. Although satisfactory marriage is an important factor in mental health but poor and unsatisfactory marriages can lead to unhappy couples which has negative and irreversible effects on both wives and husbands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) on marital satisfaction among couples who were married.Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design was used to conduct this study. The population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas who were married, during 2015 and 2016. Based on acceptance and commitment therapy protocol a 12-session intervention was conducted over a period of 3 months. Enrich marital satisfaction assessment questionnaire was used to collect data. The subjects responded to questionnaires before intervention and 1 month after intervention. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA using were used for data analysis in SPSS V.20.Results: The results of the analysis showed that the average post-test scores of between two groups in the components of marital satisfaction including sexual satisfaction (experimental, 24.45; control, 19.83), communications (experimental, 22.10; control, 19.81), solving conflict (experimental, 20.35; control, 17.15) and idealistic distortion (experimental, 16.65; control, 14.55) which the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the positive effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction of the couples, this method is recommended to be used alongside other interventions for improving marital satisfaction of couples.

Background & objectives: Menstrual cycle is associated with hormonal fluctuations that can affect physical performance in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle phases on physical performance in healthy adolescent girls.Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research. For this purpose, 30 subjects were selected and according to the menstrual cycle they were allocated into three groups: bleeding, follicular and luteal groups. General physical performance tests of endurance, coordination, explosive power and muscular strength were carried out in experimental conditions. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests in SPSS.20 at the significant level of a<0.05.Results: The results showed that except for 540-m running test and sit-ups, in other tests, there weren’t any significant differences between groups. There was a significant difference between bleeding and luteal group in 540-m running test (p=0.032). In sit-up test, a significant difference between bleeding group with Luteal (p=0.007) and follicular (p=0.006) groups were observed.Conclusion: It seems that adolescent girls can perform speed, strength and power, balance and flexibility activities in all periods of menstrual cycles, but the effects of menstrual cycle phases on the performance activities such as sit-ups and 540 meters run are not the same.