Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Year:2023 | Volume:12 | Issue:1|Papers Count:16

Background: Providing health services through telehomecare in addition to increasing community access to health care services, reduce the challenges of aging communities. Objectives: In this study, the implementation and development challenges of telehomecare are examined. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis in 2022 in Iran. Twenty-three participants were selected by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by content analysis (conceptual analysis) method and MaxQDA-10 software. Results: Five categories including costs imposed, rulesandstandards, infrastructure, health information security, andsociocultural were identified as challenges to the implementation and development of telehomecare. These five categories were divided into 19 subcategories. Conclusions: The implementation and use of telehomecare is face with several challenges. It seems that the most important reason for these challenges is related to the lack of responsible organizations and weakness in the rules.

Background: Palm olein oil is one of the most widely used oils, so the available reports show that its consumption has different health effects, some of them are beneficial and some are harmful. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of heated and unheated date olein in different doses on the hearts of male rats. Methods: In this study, 40 male rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham group with a regular diet, palm oil group with 10% (W/W) palm oil diet, palm oil group with 20% (W/W) palm oil diet, ghee oil group 7. 5% (W/W) and heated palm oil group with 20% (W/W) palm oil diet. Palm olein oil was added to rat foods in experimental groups for 60 days. 24 hours later, the rats were dissected, then the heart tissue of the rats was sampled and tissue sections were prepared and analyzed with an optical microscope. Results: The results of this study indicated that fresh unheated palm oil does not have any harmful effects on the heart tissue, but the consumption of heated palm oil causes to damage the heart tissue. Conclusions: The results showed the negative effects are correlated to the dose and the heating. The heart tissues which treated with higher doses and heated palm olein oil had more side effects.

Background: Excessive work-related psychological pressures can endanger health by causing physical, mental, and behavioral complications. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between defense styles and psychological vulnerability among emergency medicine physicians. Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study comprised all emergency medicine physicians working in Tehran hospitals in 2021-2022, from whom a sample of 380 was selected using cluster sampling. The research instruments included the symptom checklist-25 (SCL-25), The Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL 8. 8. Results: Based on the results, the research model had a good fit (CFI = 0. 96, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0. 058). There was an indirect relationship between the defense styles of emergency medicine physicians and psychological vulnerability, mediated by emotion regulation (P< 0. 001). There were direct relationships between defense styles and psychological vulnerability, between emotion regulation and psychological vulnerability, and between defense styles and emotion regulation (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: Health professionals and therapists can thus reduce psychological vulnerability among emergency medicine physicians by improving their immature and neurotic defense styles and enhancing their cognitive emotion regulation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a logotherapy educational program based on Rumi’, s thoughts on the mental well-being of chronic mental patients’,families. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental controlled pretest-posttest design. The statistical population comprised families of all chronic mental patients (aged 18 to 60) who lived in Kermanshah’, s rehabilitation and care facilities in 2020. One facility was randomly selected as the research sample, and 32 eligible individuals were randomized to experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. Upon assignment, both groups completed the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (2007) as the pretest. Subsequently, the experimental group participated in ten 90-minute sessions of logotherapy based on Rumi’, s thoughts. At the conclusion of the intervention, the posttest was administered to both groups. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance. Results: The findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the logotherapy educational program based on Rumi’, s concepts increased the experimental group’, s mental well-being compared to the control group (P < 0. 001). In other words, families who participated in the Rumi-inspired logotherapy program experienced improved mental well-being. Conclusions: Families of chronic mental patients in our culture have a greater acceptance and comprehension of them. Furthermore, these cultural metaphors and allegories have increased the ability of chronic mental patients’,families to make sense of their sufferings, demonstrating its effectiveness as an intervention.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on insulin resistance and some risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: In the current research, as a review of studies, we searched articles related to the effect of exercise training on cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance in diabetic patients published in Springer, Hindawi, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SID and ISC until July 2022 using the keywords diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, training, exercise, aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise. Between 1999 and 2022, 68 studies and 14 systematic review and meta-analysis articles were examined. Results: In the studies related to Training and insulin resistance, 14 studies were reviewed, the number of subjects was 3753, in 100% of the subjects, and the reduction of insulin resistance was significant (P < 0. 05). A number of 7732 subjects were investigated in 8 trials and systematic review studies related to Training and blood pressure, reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 99. 11% of people and reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 93. 3% of people was significant. (P < 0. 05). About training and fat profiles, 11 systematic review studies and trials were examined, according to the results, in the studies of training and triglyceride (TG), 3917 subjects (83. 74% significant reduction), training and cholesterol (TC), 2186 subjects (97. 81% significant reduction), training and low density lipoprotein (LDL), 2972 subjects (72. 99% significant reduction), training and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), 2828 subjects (100% significant decrease) and training and high density lipoprotein (HDL), 6699 subjects (83. 41 significant increase) were observed (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Aerobic and resistance training-both-improve the lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular risk factors and can be a useful way to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Pulmonary Manifestations and damage are one of the most serious problems in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging characteristics of patients infected with this virus in the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: By census approach, data were collected from two coronavirus referral hospitals in Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan province (southwestern Iran), from June to August 2020. Using a researcher-made checklist, study data were collected: including epidemiological information, signs and symptoms, abnormal chest X-ray and CT-scan findings, underlying conditions and comorbidity, and patient treatment outcome. Results: This study included 375 approved COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 55. 5 ±,18. 6 years (50. 9% male and 49. 1% female). The most common underlying diseases included diabetes (23. 2%) and cardiovascular diseases (21. 9%). Cough (62. 4 percent), shortness of breath (57. 1 percent), and fever (48. 8 percent) were themost frequent symptoms at the start of the disease. In radiographic evaluations, the most prevalent pulmonary involvementmanifestations were ground-glass opacity (67. 5 percent) and consolidation (81. 1 percent) (47. 5 percent). The majority of patients (86. 9%) had both lungs compromised, with the lower lobes having the highest involvement (61. 1 percent). In addition, 45. 6 percent of individuals had subpleural involvement. Posterobasal engagement was the most common type of involvement (35. 5 percent). Conclusions: In general, the most common clinical and radiological symptoms of this study included cough, shortness of breath, fever, ground-glass opacity, Consolidation and crazy-paving changes, which are consistent with the results of patients with SARSCOV-2 in other parts of the world.

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 affected seriously the health of pregnant women. Pregnant women and their fetuses are considered high-risk populations. Spirituality may enhance the adaptability to illnesses. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in pregnant women referred to Chabahar health centers in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 198 pregnantwomenparticipated in2020-2021. Data were collected using Polutzin and Ellison SpiritualWell-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (CDAS2). Results: The analysis finds that the mean anxiety score in pregnant women was severe (mean = 32. 05,SD = 9. 59). Spearman correlation test did not show a linear relationship between spiritual health and COVID-19 anxiety (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: There is probably no link between spirituality and severe anxiety caused by COVID-19. Therefore, it is appropriate to find out other influential factors in cases of severe stress in acute crises.

Background: Controlling emotions can be influential in increasing the quality of married life and coping with the outcomes of uncovering extramarital affairs. Objectives: This study hence investigated the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control in people affected by marital infidelity. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The study population included all couples dealing with marital infidelity who visited Mehr-e-Taban Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Tehran, Iran in 2021. A total of 48 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the two experimental groups and the control group (n = 16). The first experimental group received eight 90-minute hypnotherapy sessions and the second received ten 90-minute schema therapy sessions. The research instrument included the Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ). The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and post hoc tests in SPSS-22. Results: The mean ±,SD of the posttest score of emotional control in hypnotherapy and schema therapy groups was 47. 62 ±,2. 80 and 48. 82 ±,1. 45, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0. 001). The findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches were effective in improving emotional control and its four components including rehearsal, emotional inhibition, aggression control, and benign control in the participants (P < 0. 001). There was no significant difference between the effects of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control. Conclusions: The results indicated that using both therapeutic approaches in counseling centers can be influential in helping maladjusted couples to improve and reduce their marital problems and increase their satisfaction, particularly in couples damaged by infidelity.

Background: As the blood oxygen level in patients with COVID-19, who show no symptoms despite the highly insufficient level of oxygen in the blood, the physician should thus be constantly aware of the blood oxygen saturation level and check it. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the concordance of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) in patients with and without COVID-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, all patients with and without COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU inImam Khomeini and Golestan hospitals in Kermanshah city during 6 months of the year 2020 were studied. Patients’ oxygenation index was calculated in all patients (with and without COVID-19) using two variables, i.e., SpO2 gained from pulse oximetry and SaO2 derived from arterial blood gas analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients with COVID-19 and 57 patients without COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU were studied. There was a significant positive correlation between the means of SpO2 and SaO2 in both groups of patients (P < 0.05, r (with COVID-19) = 0.727, r (without COVID-19) = 0.459). Conclusions: There is a good agreement between oxygen saturations by two measurement methods, i.e., SpO2 and SaO2 in both groups of patients with and without COVID-19. However, the pulse oximetry is not a proper method to measure oxygen saturation level in the blood of patients with COVID-19 and this method can be an acceptable method in stable conditions of the body.

Background: Academic engagement is one of the important educational issues that can affect the academic satisfaction of students to maintain their motivation and will to continue their studies. Objectives: The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the educational program developed based on the model derived from the research on students’,academic satisfaction. Methods: This applied research was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female students of the second year of high school in Sanandaj, who were studying in the academic year of 2022-2023. Using the random sampling method, 40 students whose academic satisfaction scores were low were selected and replaced randomly in two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. The experimental group was taught ten 90-minute sessions of the program based on academic engagement. The members of both groups completed the academic satisfaction questionnaire of Lent et al. The data were also analyzed by mixed variance analysis method in SPSS-25. Results: The results indicated that the average academic satisfaction scores in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly in the post-test and follow-up phase. Conclusions: The educational program based on academic engagement has been effective on students’,academic satisfaction.

Background: Students with a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are so worried about potential events in the future that they cannot easily live at the moment and are unable to experience and enjoy positive and pleasant ongoing events. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of mode deactivation therapy (MDT) and Hofmann’, s cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety and self-concept clarity in students with GAD. Methods: This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all high school students with GAD in Bushehr (Iran) in 2021. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 45 students as the sample, who were then randomly assigned to the MDT, CBT, and control groups (15 participants per group). The participants completed the state-trait anxiety inventory and the Self-concept Clarity Scale in two stages, pretest and posttest. The first experimental group received twelve weekly 120-minute sessions of an MDT program, whereas the second experimental group received twelve weekly 120-minute sessions of a CBT program. The analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni test was used for data analysis in SPSS-26. Results: The mean ±,SD of the posttest score of state anxiety in MDT and CBT and control groups was 41. 53 ±,3. 33, 47. 67 ±,5. 39, and 58. 67 ±,6. 23, respectively. Moreover, the mean ±,SD of the posttest score of trait anxiety in MDT and CBT and control groups was 43. 80 ±,5. 60, 48. 47 ±,5. 57, and 56. 47 ±,4. 04, respectively. Results indicated significant differences between the posttests of groups (P < 0. 001). According to the results, both interventions alleviated anxiety and enhanced self-concept clarity in the experimental groups compared with the control group. Furthermore, MDT outperformed CBT in anxiety alleviation and self-concept clarity improvement. Conclusions: In conclusion, MDT was more effective in treating patients with different needs and complications due to its personalized nature, whereas CBT was less efficient in treating non-anxiety disorders due to focusing mainly on social anxiety disorder.

Background: Given the negative effects of procrastination on various aspects of student’, s academic and personal lives, as well as the role of psychological and environmental variables in various academic problems, this study investigated the mediating role of academic burnout in the relationship between academic support and attitude towards a future career with academic procrastination in high school students. Methods: The statistical population in this descriptive correlational study consisted of all male senior high school students in Gachsaran County, Iran, in the academic year 2021-2022, of whom 234 were selected as the study sample using cluster sampling. Data collection was done using the Attitude to Future Career Questionnaire, Academic Support Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, and School Burnout Inventory. The data were analyzed statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS-22 and AMOS. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of academic support on academic procrastination was statistically significant (P < 0. 001). In addition, the direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic procrastination was not significant, but its indirect effect on academic procrastination was (P < 0. 001). The results also indicated the significant direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic burnout (P < 0. 001), whereas there was no significant relationship between academic support and academic burnout. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that academic burnout could mediate the relationship between attitude toward a future career and academic procrastination. Moreover, the research model fitted the data well. Therefore, researchers, school counselors, and child and adolescent psychologists are recommended to pay special attention to the factors affecting academic burnoutwhendeveloping educationalandtherapeutic interventionsaimedat reducing academic procrastinationamongstudents.

Background: Heart failure disrupts the lives of patients and their caregivers. Resilience is a dynamic process for adaptation in traumatic or disastrous events. As teaching stress management skills increases people’, s adaptation in stressful situations, this study was determined the effects of stress management skills training on the resilience of family caregivers of heart failure patients. Objectives: To determine the effects of stress management skills training on the resilience of family caregivers of heart failure patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study conducted in 30 family caregivers of patients with heart failure hospitalized in the cardiac care unit (CCU) of Amir al-Mominin Ali (AS) hospital in Zabol, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control. Data was collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and Connor Davidson questionnaire of resilience which were completed before and after the intervention. Results: Independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (P > 0. 05). However, the mean score of the resilience was significantly different after intervention (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The intervention of stress management skills training can be effective for family caregivers of heart failure patients in a sample of Iranian society. The results are consistent with the results of other studies. It is absolutely necessary and effective to provide such educational services in the healthcare service delivery system for patients’,caregivers.

Background: Birth weight is one of the most important and reliable indicators of neonatal survival, physical and mental development of the neonate and is influenced by various factors including genetics, socio-cultural and demographic factors of the mother and one of the most important factors is mother’, s body mass index (BMI) which directly and indirectly reflects the health and wellbeing of the mother and her nutritional status. Objectives: The relationship between maternal body mass index and birth weight of neonetes born in hospitals of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences from 2021 to 2022. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 288 neonates born in hospitals of Azad University are selected. Information about neonates (gender and birth weight) and maternal information (BMI, age, occupation, education, type of delivery, gestational age, parity and history of preeclampsia) and family income are included in the designed questionnaire. Results: The mean age and BMI of the studied pregnant mothers were 30 and 29, respectively, and the mean weight of the newborns born from these mothers was estimated to be 3200 g. Among the mothers studied, 232 had abnormal body mass index, of which 41% were overweight and about 40% were obese. Among the neonates studied, 25 had abnormal weight, of which 11 were low birth weight and 14 were macrosomic. Analysis of the data of this study showed that maternal BMI can affect pregnancy outcome and birth weight of neonates. Between the mother’, s BMI and the baby’, s birth weight, there is a significant relationship. Conclusions: Due to the high mean BMI in pregnant women in this study and the possibility of giving birth to overweight neonate in obese mothers and the complications and risks of macrosomia and the possibility of weight gain and obesity in adulthood, it is necessary to pay attention to overweight pregnant women.

Context: Omicron is a new type of SARS-CoV-2 that is considered the most dangerous one so far because despite emerging new variants such as XE, no more dangerous strain than omicron has been identified. On November 24, 2021, World Health Organization identified the Omicron as a global threat. High genetic mutations of Omicron makes it more dangerous than other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This manuscript conducted to systematically collect and provide the effect of COVID-19 on public health: The latest physical activity and diet update for counteracting new emerging COVID-19 strains (Omicron) and stay active and do not lay on the vaccine alone. Evidence Acquisition: We searchedPubMed, Webof Science, Embase, andScopusfromJanuary2020toNovember2021. 3241 articles related to COVID-19 were found and based on filters such as: Physical activity, Omicron, nutrition, immune system, 36 research articles were studied. Results: Studies have shown that regular exercises with low and moderate intensity can have a favorable effect by improving the function of the immune system in reducing the risks of COVID-19 disease. Also, proper nutrition, especially if it is combined with regular exercise, has favorable effects on the immune system of patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: It seems that regular and long-term physical activity with low to moderate intensities (not high intensities) considering a suitable diet regime can have a favorable effect on the immune system of patients with COVID-19.

Background: Today, virtual education is viewed as a new paradigm to develop higher education to promote management cybernetics and strategic intelligence for educational managers in universities,solving these problems requires a scientific and research approach, which may help the organization with proper decisions and implementation to achieve the organizational goals. Objectives: The present research aims to develop a model for structural equations of virtual education to promote educational managers’,management cybernetics and strategic intelligence in the universities of Kermanshah Province in 2019. Methods: In terms of it is nature, the present research is exploratory,it is a qualitative-quantitative paradigm-based one. A survey technique was applied to collect data. The statistical population included 1, 200 people among the educational managers of Kermanshah Province universities,a sample of 291 people was developed by the Cochran formula. The research tools included a (semistructured) questionnaire, in the qualitative phase, McCabe’, s Standard Strategic Intelligence Questionnaire (2007) and researchermade questionnaires of virtual education and cybernetic management were used in the quantitative part. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS24, Amos software were used for data analysis. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis show a proper fit of the designed model and its components. Also, the findings indicate that there is a significant correlation between virtual education, management cybernetics, and strategic intelligence. Conclusions: Considering the identified model and research findings that there is a correlation between research variables, it is proposed the mentioned results be included in the educational managers’,plans of academic centers to decrease managerial and decision-making challenges.