Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research
Year:2022 | Volume:4 | Issue:6|Papers Count:11

Roadside traffic air pollution exposures have been associated with various health deteriorates. In accordance with the WHO's guidelines, the air quality in Iraq is considered unsafe. Automobile pollution, particularly diesel exhaust, produces significant quantities of particulates containing endocrine disruptors, causing negative health impacts. The current study attempted to determine whether Iraqi traffic wardens are vulnerable to traffic air pollution by measuring serum progesterone and testosterone levels, as well as serum lead, copper, manganese, cadmium, and iron concentrations. A total of 72 individuals participated in the current study divided into two main groups: traffic policemen and control. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups based on age, years of service, and smoking habit. The progesterone levels among police officers exposed to vehicle exhaust were negligibly higher than those of the control group. The study data revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in testosterone levels between the two studied groups. Copper was significantly higher in exposed group than that of the control group. Cadmium levels in the exposed group increased non-significantly, which could contribute to endocrine disruption. While iron and lead levels were lower in police   exposed to vehicle exhaust than those of the control group, the manganese showed significant decrease in sera of exposed group. High levels of copper in traffic policemen may be associated with increased oxidative stress. Although non-significant decrease in iron level was recorded in the present work, diesel exhaust exposure might increase the incidence of anemia in study subjects.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two types of light-curing units, namely, QTH and LED on the micro-tensile strength (MTBS) of Tetric N-Bond (combined primer and bonding agent). A total of 20 extracted sound human first premolars were separated into two groups, each of which comprising ten specimens. The surface enamel of specimens for each group was removed by means of a cylindrical diamond bur (TIZKAVAN, IRAN) until dentin was exposed. Next, gelatin capsules, composed of Tetric N-Ceram composite paste, were vertically bonded to the dentin in samples of both groups by means of a light-cure adhesive; however, the curing process in Group 1 was performed using LED and in Group 2 by a QTH device. Crowns of all specimens were divided into vertical slabs of approximately 1 mm thickness in an Occluso-gingival way. Slabs were prepared into hourglass shapes with a width and thickness of 1 mm and 0.8 mm in each group. Micro-tensile bond strength was discovered utilizing a testing machine (Instron-Universal testing machine-Germany.) It was found that LED-cured specimens had a higher micro-tensile bond strength with a significant difference from the QTH-cured ones (p <0.05). The light devices have an impact on the micro tensile bond strength of resin adhesives.

All available articles on dialysis patients worldwide with or without iron deficiency were reviewed. Articles published 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2021 were reviewed in Literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO). 163 articles were found in the initial search, the full text of the article was reviewed, and finally, 144 studies were selected. Most existing studies have found that serum ferritin and Hb concentrations are appropriate for defining ID. Several studies have reported transferrin saturation (TSAT) as a complementary diagnostic test. Therapeutic goals in studies selected to treat iron deficiency were to increase the hemoglobin concentration to 10-12 g / dL. Some articles have reported that TSAT varies from 20% to 50% in dialysis patients. The mean value of iron deficiency biomarkers in anemic and non-anemic dialysis patients was assessed. Clinicians should notice hemoglobin and serum ferritin, especially in dialysis patients, and these two biomarkers can be a mark for iron deficiency diagnosis in dialysis patients. In contrast, the mean level of transferrin saturation in dialysis patients is normal.

The results of regional anesthesia (RA) techniques on pain relief and narcotic consumption are challenging and should be evaluated. Hence, the purpose of the present article was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of RA in adult patients with burns to decrease narcotic consumption and pain. The initial search was performed by two blind and independent browsers in electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) until May 2021. For data analysis, after extracting the data of three studies that met the inclusion criteria, the mean and risk difference methods were used with a 95% confidence interval, the fixed-effect model and the Mantel-Haenszel/inverse variance method were used were calculated for the data. Stata software version 16, a faster version of Stata, was used for statistical analysis. 24 articles were found in the initial review, the abstracts reviewed by two blind and independent authors. Finally, after reviewing the full text of 9 articles, 3 articles were selected. The mean difference of cumulative Morphine requirements was -49.01 (MD, -49.01 95% CI 56.36, -41.67. P-VALUE=0.00) between continuous RA and control group of cumulative Morphine requirements. Meta-analysis showed that both RA had statically significantly lower total morphine consumption than the control group. Meta-analysis showed RA reduced total morphine consumption and pain.

In this present work, [4,4`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2-methoxyphenl)(A1),4,4`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol(A2),1,1`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) dinaphthalen-2-ol (A3)]C.S was prepared in 3.5% NaCl. Corrosion prevention at (293-323) K has been studied by using electrochemical measurements. It shows that the utilized inhibitors are of mixed type based on the polarization curves. The results indicated that the inhibition efficiency changes were used with a change according to the functional groups on the benzene ring and through the electrochemical technique. Temperature increases with corrosion current (icorr) and potential (Ecorr) and decreases with CS covered by Schiff bases in the presence of inhibitors and temperatures decrease with efficiency (% PE) of CS in the absence and presence of inhibitors and using several techniques including infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters (Ea, A, ΔH*, S*, G*) were calculated for prepared vehicles. Then, the biological activity of the prepared compound (A1-A3) showed its efficiency with the use of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph.aure) and (Escherichia coli, E.coli), as well.

Carbazoles are a type of heterocyclic compound which has been shown to have a variety of biological properties, including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant effects. Carbazole can be considered by many medicinal chemists as a pharmacophoric nucleus because of its fused-ring structure with a highly conjugated system. This nucleus attracts the researchers’ attention for synthesizing a variety of bio-medically active compounds. Herein, an attempt is made to review the chemistry of this chemical nucleus and the biological potential of the carbazole-based derivatives.

In this paper, we used linear, quadratic, cubic, logarithmic, and exponential regression models to analyze the statistical properties of certain important molecular structures such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir, taking into account various forms of augmented Zagreb indices. The research could be a fresh attempt to improve QSPR model prediction analysis using the above molecular descriptors, which are used to research chemical, medical, and pharmacological qualities.

In this work, the photo-stabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) was studied using new compounds such as Schiff base stabilizers derived from heterocyclic compounds, with symbols [I1-I4] which were used as additives to prevent the PVC photodegradation. Many samples have been prepared as films for this purpose by adding the additives to poly (vinyl chloride) with varying weight percentages of additives and thicknesses. The photostabilization activities for these new compounds were measured by detecting the carbonyl group with irradiation time (the absorption band of carbonyl was determined at 1724-1772 cm-1). FT-IR spectra PERKIN ELMER SPEACTUM-65, JASCO used to determine the absorption spectra of PVC films, also the viscosity average molecular weight , the average number of chain scission (S), and the degree of deterioration (α) were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and light microscope are also used to test the polymeric films surface. We discovered that in the existence of additives, the rate of photostabilization follows the trend:-

Aromatic polyimides (PIs) are receiving substantial interest because of their brilliant complete properties, multipath synthesis, various processing methods and wide application fields.   The current work aimed at the synthesis of a new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives on poly (maleimid-co-methyl acylate). In first step poly (maleimid-co-MA) (1) was prepared using gebrail reaction to give poly (potassium maleimid-co-methyl acrylate) (2), then it reacted with different alkyl halide to obtain compounds (3-5) of free radical copolymerization.  In the second step it was treated with pure hydrazine (99%) to give compounds (6-8). The final step was the reaction of different carboxylic acid with copoly acid hydrazide in present phosphoryl chloride to give compounds (9-23) as shown in Scheme (1). All prepared compounds were characterized by Softening points (FT-IR), and some of them by HNMR and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)). Further, their Biological application was investigated. Some of their physical characteristics are listed in Tables 1 and 2.

The aim of this study is to investigate coronary and pulmonary complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Medicinal chemistry discusses the discovery, synthesis and evolution, identification and interpretation of the action method of bioactive compounds at the molecular level, and its emphasis is mainly on drugs. The history of the introduction of medicinal chemistry as the science of the first pharmacopoeia published in the 16th century and later centuries. A treasure trove of pharmaceutical agents rich in new drugs of plant and mineral origin were introduced. In the late 19th century, medicinal chemistry underwent a dramatic change with the discovery of Paul Ehrlich, who is called as the father of modern chemotherapy, in connection to the fact that chemical compounds exhibit selective toxicity against specific infectious agents. At the same time, Emile Fisher proposed the key-lock theory, which was a logical change in the action mechanism of drugs. However, it is not clear why coronary heart disease occurs in some people with Covid-19 disease. However, most experts agree that the long-term effects of Covid-19 are related capability to cause a widespread inflammatory response in the body. This inflammation, which causes blood to clot in the blood vessels of the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, and even the legs, can damage blood vessels, leading to ulceration and a wide range of long-term complications.

The new type of coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the globe, left the world in lockdown, and taken more lives globally. Hence, more countries have taken restricted policies including quarantine to protect people. However, this was not a promising agent to tackle the existing crisis, so it could become burden on the scientists’ shoulders to come up with noble ideas and bring high-safe vaccines and antiviral drugs to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, vaccines and drugs like paxlovid and molnupiravir have been developed to effectively change the pandemic course if clinical trials will prove their efficiency. However, no FDA-approved antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 yet exist.  To gain these types of antiviral drugs, computer-aided drug design techniques play a notable role. Of these approaches, molecular docking can screen bio-active compounds and test their potential to specific targets. Herein, we screened bio-active compounds of royal jelly and honey against SARS-CoV-2 main protease in order to investigate their antiviral potency conducting in vivo and in vitro tests. Among the tested natural products, 4 compounds, namely Erlose, Kaempferol glucoside, Iridin, and luteolin glucoside (Cynaroside) showed the lowest binding energies of -10.2, -9.6, -9.0, and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Then, two marketed drugs, i.e. Indinavir and lopinavir, were chosen as standard drugs. Among all, Erlose and Kaempferol glucoside represented excellent antiviral peculiarities against COVID-19 main protease, and may be on the call for future clinical trials to approve their potency.