JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ORDER
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background and objectives: The crime of "rebellion against police officers" will have adverse results and effects on the sense of security due to the position of the victims who are law enforcers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of rebellion against police officers on citizens' sense of social security.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a quantitative descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the research is 135 university professors, ordinary citizens, criminals and victims, experts and judges in Fars province in 1998 and 1999. Using the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 101 people were selected and determined for the sample size. To obtain the sample population, three-stage cluster sampling was used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the validity of the data collection tool was evaluated and verified using face and content validity. Reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (0.722). T-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS18 software.Findings: This research indicates the relationship between the components of tolerance level (R=0.129), police determination (R=0.491), social interactions (R=0.229), legal and judicial policies (R=0.335) with the sense of security; also the independent variables have been able to explain about 31% of the variance of the dependent variable. In general, based on the research findings, the independent variables directly affect the dependent variable of sense of security; among the independent variables, the variable of "social interactions of the police with the people" has the most effect with a value of 0.166 and the variable of "tolerance threshold level of people" has the least effect with a value of 0.027.Results: The results show that rebellion against police officers has an adverse effect on citizens' sense of social security and causes a sense of insecurity at the community level.

Background and objectives: Public spaces are the most important parts of the city, and one of these spaces are city streets. Urban streets are the manifestation of the civic life of the city and the place of occurrence of events and social activities of citizens in urban life. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the health indicators of urban streets with an emphasis on the components of residents' perceived safety.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a survey type and in terms of data analysis method, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population included the citizens of District 4 of Tehran Municipality and the samples, based on Cochran's formula, are 250 individuals, who were selected using a systematic quota random sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire has been measured based on content validity and it has been approved by professors and experts in the field of urban management and perceptual security, and its reliability has been confirmed as 0.756 through Cronbach's alpha method. Data analysis was done through factor analysis and regression and Friedman tests using SPSS and Lisrel software.Findings: Through the confirmatory factor analysis test, the 8 components of urban street health analysis were identified with an emphasis on the components of perceived safety of the residents of District 4 of Tehran municipality and were confirmed with a factor loading of over 0.4. It was determined by the regression test and the adjusted coefficient of determination, the research indicators predict 53% of the variance of perceived security and based on the regression test, the component of visual and environmental comfort has the highest effect on the perceived security of the residents of District 4 (beta=0.779). The priorities of intervention in the analysis of the health of urban streets with an emphasis on the components of the perceived safety of residents in the 4th district of Tehran municipality, according to Friedman's ranking test, are: visual and environmental comfort (1.28), liveliness (1.87), legibility component (1.96), space size and shape component (2.10) degree of adaptation to the environment (2.59), physical component (2.70), visual and auditory pollution (2.83), sense of belonging (2.94).Results: Components of visual and environmental comfort, liveliness, readability, size and form of space, degree of compatibility with the environment, physical security, visual and auditory pollution, and sense of belonging have a positive effect on the perceived safety of residents and the health of city streets. It can be concluded that by upgrading each of these components, it increases the perceived security and consequently the health of the urban streets of District 4.

Background and objectives: Human trafficking is one of the most ridiculous and dangerous crimes that human beings have in history throughout history; in fact, those behaviors are opposed to human dignity and committing them violates human rights. The purpose of the present study is to provide a combating model of human trafficking using a soft system approach.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its methodology it is considered as a qualitative descriptive-analytical type. Participants in the study include academic experts who, given the principle of theoretical adequacy and targeted sampling, were selected as sample members. The data collection tool was a semi -structural interview whose validity and reliability were approved using CVR and Cohen Capa. On the other hand, the soft system approach has been used to analyze the data obtained.Findings: The findings suggest that using the soft system approach, in addition to providing root definitions of human trafficking phenomenon, its conceptual model was also described. The results also show that "revision of laws and regulations, police intelligence, institutions and relevant organizations" are important strategies in the fight against human trafficking.Results: Human trafficking is one of the most dangerous crimes that human beings commit. Therefore, rooting, formulating the right model as well as providing desirable solutions can be an important and effective step in reducing this social model.

Background and objectives: One of the main concerns of all governments is the institutionalization of law in the administrative structure; but in reality and according to the situation of the countries, there is always a degree of lawlessness. The main goal of the current research is to investigate the underlying factors of lawlessness in Ahvaz city offices.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a qualitative research. The study subjects were administrative employees of Ahvaz city in 2019, who were selected through the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the data obtained from the interview was analyzed based on theme analysis method.Findings: In the process of analysis based on the basic themes, ten organizing themes of intra-ethnic interactions, ethnic support, formal supervision, weakness in dealing with offenders, changing values related to legality, pressure to avoid the law, job apathy and indifference to organizational interests were obtained; Finally, four comprehensive themes of "network of ethnic relations, weakness of organizational supervision, reduction of the ugliness of lawlessness, and weakness of organizational commitment" were determined as underlying factors in the creation of lawlessness.Results: According to the employees' point of view about the underlying factors of lawlessness, legality should be increased among employees through interventions such as "ruling citizenship relations at the community level, strengthening organizational supervision in quantitative and qualitative dimensions, strengthening values aligned with legality and institutionalizing scientific management".

Background and objectives: After the corona pandemic entered Iran, unofficial reports indicated an increase in domestic violence. In view of this problem, the present research has tried to evaluate the situation of domestic violence against spouses.Methodology: The research has been carried out using a quantitative survey method. The statistical population is all citizens living in Bandar Abbas city in 2019 and the sample size was 384 individuals. Due to the Corona situation, an online questionnaire was used to collect data. For this purpose, using the Press-line system, the link of the mentioned questionnaire was created and distributed for one month in virtual social networks (such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Soroush, iGap, etc.) and finally, in order to increase accuracy and proper distribution in the three regions of Bandar Abbas city, 653 completed questionnaires in the aforementioned system were used as the basis for data evaluation and analysis. The validity of the questionnaire in terms of face and content was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.78). To analyze the data, t-test, Pearson's and analysis of variance were performed using SPSS software.Findings: The test results show that the average violence against women is 5.22 and the average violence against men is 5.69, which indicates more violence against men. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient between cultural capital and religiosity with domestic violence against spouses is -0.229 and -0.277, respectively. Domestic violence varies according to age, education, income, class, number of children and length of marriage.Results: Regardless of whether you analyze domestic violence against men under the institutional changes of the family and gender roles or consider it a temporary phenomenon and only related to the Corona crisis, considering the emerging forms of domestic violence will be a way forward. In addition, families that have had higher cultural capital and religiosity have experienced less violence, and this can be considered in family-oriented policies.

Background and objectives: Today, due to the ever-increasing changes that occur in all aspects of human life, the necessity of an intelligent regulatory institution that monitors the changes in all aspects of social life and takes the necessary measures is felt more and more; therefore, the aim of the current research is to design a comprehensive police smartening model.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied and mixed method research type and in terms of data collection it is descriptive study. The statistical population of the research is the commanders and managers of different levels in the police force of Lorestan province, who were selected using the snowball sampling method. The tool for collecting information in the present research is an interview in the qualitative phase and a questionnaire in the quantitative phase. Also, in this research, the method of grounded theory and survey was used to analyze the data. After collecting the data using Atlas.ti software and using the coding method and based on the grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin method, the data were analyzed.Findings: The research findings in the qualitative part show that the causal factors and conditions are organizational causes, sociological causes and the causes of committing crime. Also, intervening variables include social security, psychological security and organizational effectiveness. In addition, background conditions include social needs, new technology developments, and professional needs. Also, the central phenomenon of human resource smartening is the structural and technological smartening and strategic smartening. Also, smartening strategies include human resource smartening strategies, structural and technological smartening strategies, and strategic smartening strategies. Finally, the consequences of police smartening include the legal consequences of committing a crime, organizational consequences, and social consequences.Results: In this research, the police smartening model is presented based on three axes of human resource smartening, structural and technological smartening, and strategic smartening. Based on this, in order to make the police smarter, the police force organization should prepare the headquarters and operational staff of the police force for the success of the smartening plan by using human resource smartening, structural, technological and strategic smartening programs and providing the necessary structure and technologies.

Background and objectives: Considering the wide and diverse dimensions of cyberspace crimes, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research and studies regarding the prevention of such crimes. The current research was conducted with the aim of sociologically investigating the effect of cyberspace on youth and adolescent crime.Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its type it is considered as a descriptive-analytical research type, and in terms of the data collection method, it is also a survey type. Its statistical population includes all young people between the ages of 12 and 29 years who have committed Internet crimes and are imprisoned in prisons and correctional centers in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Considering that the total size of the statistical population was not available, the sample size was calculated to be approximately 300 individuals, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson and Spearman correlation test, independent sample t-test and multiple regression using SPSS version 22 software.Findings: There is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of using virtual space (p=0.800), addiction to virtual space (p=0.003), lack of monitoring and control in virtual space (p=0.003) and anonymity in virtual space (p=0.001) and the variable of youth and adolescent crime. There is a significant relationship between the variable of economic and social base (p=0.002) and youth and adolescent crime. Also, the predictor variables of the research explain about 32% of the variance of the criterion variable (commitment of crime).Results: Due to the expansion of the use of virtual space and the anonymity of people in it, the desire to commit crimes has increased. Therefore, one of the ways to control crime and reduce it is to monitor cyber space.

Background and objectives: Police interaction with NGOs can play a significant role in advancing police missions. Based on this, this research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of intelligence-oriented interaction of the police and non-governmental organizations on crime detection.Methodology: In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of data collection it is considered as a survey study. Its statistical population includes the employees of Isfahan Police Command and the studied sample includes 280 individuals. The data collection tool is a questionnaire that is distributed among the sample by a simple random method. The validity of the research tool was verified by face validity method and with the opinion of law enforcement experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research. The analysis of research data has been done using factor analysis with structural equation modeling by AMOS software.Findings: The findings of the research show that the intelligence-oriented interaction of police and NGOs through the dimension of public participation with a correlation coefficient of 1.025, the dimension of social capital with a weight of 0.928, the dimension of reform with a weight of 0.850, the dimension of facilitation with a correlation of 0.594, the dimension of prevention with a weight of 0.294 and the dimension of creativity and innovation with a correlation of 0.016 is effective on crime detection.Results: The intelligence-based interaction of the police and NGOs in the dimensions of social capital, reformation, facilitation, prevention and creativity is effective on crime detection. Improving the effectiveness of this interaction on crime detection depends on providing appropriate training and making the agents responsible.