JOURNAL OF SPECIALIZED SOCIAL SCIENCE
Year:2015 | Volume:11 | Issue:43|Papers Count:9

The aim of this research is to study the political, social and religious positions of the Alevis in Turkey as the large minorities of this country. In this regard, we can emphasize and highlight some important points. We can show that the identity of this religious group is undoubtedly linked with Shiite society, and this link has its own special consequences from the reign of the Ottoman Empire up to now; and Alevis have experienced many ups and downs during the reign of different governors and monarchs. Hence, in this research, we have tried to find whether political, social and religious positions of Alevis have developed in the period of Justice and Development Party? Studies illustrate that during the last two decades, especially after the emergence of Justice and Development Party, with regard to modern approaches of this party to move in line with universal society, the integration of religious and racial groups was the party’s priority. Hence, social, political and religious positions of Alevis have been improved. The reason for this claim is evident from holding religious and cultural ceremonies of Alevis with the presence of top authorities from Justice and Development Party for the first time in Turkey, publishing papers and books related to this minority group, and appointing Alevis’ elites and heads (as counselor and responsible) in governmental positions.

National security is the most important matter and vital factor in the consistency of a government and the sectarianism has always been one of the factors that affect the national security. Among the developments, Azeri related ethnicity, as the largest ethnic minority in Iran- and its position in the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is particularly important. This article aims to assess and explain the most radical form of ethnicity, Pan Turkism, and its relation to national security. In this thesis, it is shown that is of pan Turkism discourse is a threat to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The aim of this study is to answer these questions: Firstly, which processes have the social capital ( including social participation, trust and solidity concepts) passed in Iran after the Islamic Revolution? Secondly. How was the political development during this period? Thirdly, how was the relationship between social and political systems of Iran during this time? This is a historical research because we considered that the above mentioned phenomena root in long run social changes and the fact that the social capital and political changes of every society has its own history. Therefore, we considered three historical periods since 1978-2005 in which Iran encountered many changes.In order to explain the relationship between social capital and political development, we used Robert Putnam, Francis Fukoyama, Huntington, Brington, Moore and Niera Chanduk theories. We come to this conclusion that the more developed political and democratic atmosphere, the more development space for social capital as the raw material. It finally leads to the formation of civil institutions. When there is a higher level of social participation, trust and solidity in the society, there will be an appropriate level of political development and there will be a good opportunity for the establishment of political development and civil society. Studying and analyzing these questions has been done by referring to verified historical documents. The statistical evidences show that in each period that we had much more democratic atmosphere for political development, we had also the suitable situation for social capital and finally there was a good condition for having civil society and vice versa. Political development and social capitals as the historical realities have their roots in long-run social changes.

The aim of this article is to look at the constitutional revolution, its nature, socio-historical factors and collect information using the library and studies from different sources, as written sources referring to the first and second reviews. Through clarifying the reasons of constitutional revolution in Iran, as a closed society of that day, the manner in which the Constitutional revolution happened, its objectives, its failure in recent history, we give as much as possible new horizons in these discussions for the readers.Constitutional revolution should be considered as a milestone among the contemporary social and political struggles; a course for the Iranian society to develop a great resurrection law, social justice and equality began until the colonial countries and Russia movement began and increasingly accelerated. However, it led to contracts for fear of increasing power in 1907 between the governments of Germany. This caused an old-fashioned and authoritarian figure like Qajar monarchy after the bombing the parliament and the closure of the parliament. However, the goals of the Constitutional revolution were never forgotten and it also strengthened the spirit of patriotism in the wake of nationalism, freedom, social justice and national sovereignty and so on.

This research stresses on the impact of oil politics on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2005 during the presidency of Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. Today, oil and its products provide more than 65 percent of the industrialized world needs to energy consumption. This rate includes about 97% of the oil exporting countries. Oil not only is a major source of energy in the world, it also plays an important role in determining the strength of the national and international reputation of various countries. Stability of the global economy, the dominated rules governing the capitalist relations and the increasing need for energy are challenges that influences the economical and political security. From one hand, the increase in oil revenues is an opportunity for countries to increase the foreign exchange earnings. From the other hand, the management of the sources of revenue is a serious challenge for the government. Oil is the key and political cargo in the today’s world. Therefore, the oil policy includes the major part of national policy in the oil exporting countries. Given the importance of oil and petroleum products, it had attracted much more attention. This paper assesses the political vulnerabilities, security of oil revenues. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the all policies in the economy, politics and society have been affected by oil policies and it has led to inflation amd increase in liquidity during 1989-2005. Oil which has become a negative factor in the economics, it can be the engine of national development with proper and and prudent management.

Generally, the women’s social movement is an intellectual-social movement whose main target is to improve the women’s position as a social group in societies. This study compares the women’s social movement in both the constitutional period in Iran and in the west specially United State of America in the 19th century. The data collection is done by two methods: documentary method and field research methods. The data process is done through content analysis and the reversal questionnaire. In this research, both the movements are compared and their similarities and differences were derived. The multiple factors like the social-economical field, the cultural field and the women’s situation had a significant effect on the procedure, process, structure, function, turnover, targets and achievements of both movements. The research findings show that the women’s social movement in the 19th century in the west was a famous, coherent, and more grown in the international level. It is also taught in academic level as a social theory. However, the women’s social movement in the constitutional period in Iran was not a coherent movement and it was not extended in those days, even in national level. Of course, this movement had some achievements for women, including the education, which continued up to now.

Industrialization is one of the main factors in the global economy and makes a direct relationship with development and freedom from dependency and underdevelopment. In this research, industrial and political barriers in Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, Qajar and Pahlavi periods are studied. Due to several historical periods, a comparative historical and comparative method is implemented. The results obtained from this study showed that internal factor; 1. The presence of authoritarian rule 2. Ambitions and 3. Focus of his courtiers. The internal struggles and lack of security for investment, lack of meritocracy, lack of political consciousness of the people and the rulers during the first Pahlavi (Reza) were obvious.

This paper aims to recognize the main social problems of Tehran city since the Islamic Revolution from 1978 to1988 and examines the relationship between this problem and the dominant social situation in the period. The method of research is meta-analysis and documentation. The conceptual framework of this study is based on the Social Constructivism, the relativism and histories of the social problems. Fifteen researches were used and we did the content analysis. The findings of this study show that the most important problem of Tehran is the population which includes sub-urbanization, migration, over population and the presence of foreigners. It has been illustrated, through an overview of the social conditions, that although Tehran was faced with the problem of population growth following the Land Reform and modernization process during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Preiod, this problem in the early years of the revolution reached its peak. Then, the occurrence of the so called imposed 8-years-war between Iran and Iraq and the migration led to a social problem.