POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (11) |Papers Count:6

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and Self- Review on well-being and resilience among students as mothers. The study sample was consisted of twenty seven students of Alzahra University, who were mothers as well. They were selected through convenience sampling, and were randomly assigned to three self review, positive psychotherapy and control groups. The data were measured using two questionnaires: Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (RSPWB-SF) and Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in three phases of pretest, posttest and follow up. For the first group experimental, the positive psychotherapy was administered in seven sessions and for the second group, self-review therapy was provided in six sessions. The control group has received no intervention. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistic and multivariate covariance method. The results indicated that mean scores of subjective well-being in posttest and follow-up were significantly increased in self- review and Positive Psychotherapy groups compared to control group. But resilience was not significant. Accordingly, the findings suggested that self-review and positive psychotherapy interventions had a significant effect on increasing the well-being of mothers. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of effectiveness on subjective well-being. These results can be construed as an evidence for using positive psychotherapy or self-review in psychological well-being for students as mothers.

Today, the identification of factors contributing to the link between psychological factors and cardiovascular outcomes is a subject of interest to many researchers. The aim of the this study was to investigate the role of psychological well-being indicators in metabolic risk factors in the patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Sixty one patients (47 males and 14 females) were selected through purposeful sampling, and were asked to complete questionnaires including: Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT- R), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Dinner Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS), and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Physiological evaluations were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and HDL / LDL ratios. The data analyzed by Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that optimism was able to predict 7% significant changes in systolic blood pressure, 11% for BMI and 10% for waist circumference. While 7% significant changes in triglyceride levels was predicted by life satisfaction; and finaly 7% significant changes in fasting blood glucose, 8% for total cholesterol, 14% for LDL cholesterol and 12% for LDL / HDL were predicted by hope. The findings indicated that, some psychological well-being indicators, including optimism, hope and life satisfaction, have a role in reducing metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular health.

The aim of this study was to predict bullying on the basis of positive youth development and life satisfaction in adolescents. For this purpose, a sample comprising of 385 students (198 girls, 187 boys) were selected through multistage cluster sampling. They completed Geldhof et al positive youth development questionnaire, Diener et al life satisfaction scale and Illinois bullying scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Result indicated that relationship between the components of positive youth development and bullying was negatively significant. In addition, relationship between components of positive youth development and life satisfaction was positively significant. Also relationship between bullying and life satisfaction was negatively significant. Linear regression analysis revealed that the components of positive youth development and life satisfaction are able to predict bullying. Result revealed that assets and resources of positive youth development and life satisfaction are essential in effectuating aggression and bullying.

The aim of this study was to investigating the mediating role of students’ academic optimism on the relationship between school academic optimism and students’ self-efficacy. The research method was correlational descriptive.296 students were selected by stage sampling. The data were gathered by using of three questionnaires: School Academic Optimism Hoy et al, Student Academic Optimism Tschannen-Moran et al, and Self-efficacy Morris. Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was used for data analysis. The direct effect of school academic optimism on student academic optimism was positive and significant. Also, the direct effect of student academic optimism on self-efficacy was positive and significant. In addition, the results showed that the school academic optimism had an indirect effects on self-efficacy through student academic optimism. The path analysis result indicate that the conceptual model is good fitting the data. Therefore, it is possible to take a positive step towards improving students' self-efficacy by increasing school academic optimism and student academic optimism.

Old age is a significant period in life and due to the development of science and improvement in health conditions, the number of elderly is increasing in various societies. To promote the health of the elderly population in the society, it is necessary to pay attention to their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed at predicting the role of internal coherence, mindfulness and spiritual intelligence in quality of life in older adults. From among the elderly of Tehran city in 2017, 237 elderly subjects were selected by random cluster sampling method. Instruments for gathering data were the Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (King) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO). The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that internal coherence, mindfulness and perceptualism significantly predicted 24 percent of change in quality of life, respectively. Therefore, in order to increase the level of quality of life in elderly, it is necessary to promote their internal coherence, mindfulness and spiritual intelligence.

The aim of this research was to assess the model of academic burnout based on social problem-solving skill, psychological capital, academic conscience, and seeking help from peers. This study is a descriptive-correlational research with an emphasis on possible causal relationships based on structural equation modeling. The population included senior high school students studying science in pre-University in the first district of Ardabil during 2016- 2017 school year. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to select the participants. The sample size was determined to be 291 participants using Morgan Table 1970. The instruments included “Salmela-Aro and Naatanen’s Academic Burnout Questionnaire”, “D' Zurilla’s Social Problem-Solving Skills Inventory”, “Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire”, “Ilroy and Bunting’s Academic Conscience Questionnaire” and “Ryan and Pintrich’s Academic Help-Seeking Scale”. The results consistent with the hypotheses showed that social problem-solving skill and psychological capital had negative effect on academic burnout. In addition, the negative effect of seeking academic help as a mediator in the relationship between social problem-solving skills and academic burnout was confirmed. Academic conscience, as the mediator between psychological capital and academic burnout, was found to have an indirect and negative effect. And finally, the model with the experimental data from the study has a good fit.