Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can improve or impair the function of the brain. Deficiency in response inhibition has been considered as one of the causes of psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present inves tigation scrutinized the effect of transcranial direct current s timulation through simultaneous uni-side anodal on response inhibition in patients suffering from OCD. Materials and Methods: The participants were 25 patients who referred to Counseling Center of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 1396. The participants were divided in two groups and received two different types of s timulations; anodal and sham s timulations on F3 area as well as cathode s timulation on the orbitofrontal cortex (ten 20-minute 2mA tDCS sessions). Results: The results revealed that application of tDCS through simultaneous anodal significantly improved response inhibition in patients suffering from OCD. Conclusion: The findings have shown that application of anodal tDCS can improve the response inhibition in OCD patients, possibly via enhancement of excitability in the prefrontal cortex.

Introduction: Misophonia is a condition in which individuals react negatively to sounds that occur in particular situations, but they tolerate other sounds that are frequently much louder. The present research was conducted to inves tigate of psychometric properties of Misophonia Ques tionnaire in college s tudents in order to provide a tool for evaluation in the research process and used by researchers and therapis ts. Materials and Methods: The sample of this s tudy was 319 undergraduate s tudents (176 females and 143 male) who were selected from s tudents of Payame Noor University of Ahvaz by multi-s tage sampling method. The ins truments of this s tudy consis ted of Misophonia Ques tionnaire of Wu, Lewin, Murphy & Storch, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results: The internal consis tency with Cronbach's alpha and correlation of each ques tionnaire's items with total score of scale showed acceptable reliability. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-factor s tructure of this scale was appropriate. Furthermore, the results of convergent validity indicated that Misophonia Ques tionnaire has a significant positive relationship with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Conclusion: The results showed that Misophonia Ques tionnaire is a valid and reliable scale for measuring misophonia in Iranian s tudent.

Introduction: Job s tress is a psychological s tate that results from a feeling of inconsis tency between capacities and situations and a kind of non-specific response to all factors that can affect the immune sys tem and functional memory. This s tudy was aimed to inves tigate the relationship between job s tress with the immune sys tem and functional memory of women working in diagnos tic laboratories. Materials and Methods: Correlation method was used to evaluate the hypotheses. The s tudy population includes all women employed in medical diagnos tic laboratories affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The sample group consis ted of women range of 35-55 years old, who was working in the laboratory. They were selected randomly from the population. For this purpose, job s tress ques tionnaire of the UK executive Health and Safety, blood serum cortisol tes t and Wechsler Memory Scale were used to collect information. Results: Statis tical analysis showed that job s tress and the immune sys tem of women working in clinical laboratories had the positive and meaningful correlation (r=0. 66). The mos t important factors of the minor scale of job s tress were colleagues support and communication, which represnt 29. 6% and 23% of the variation of immune sys tem. Functional memory with job s tress also had a positive and meaningful correlation (r=0. 57). The communication and control had the mos t share in es tablishing functional memory variation (18. 6%). Using the communication as a single tes t, 9. 2% of workers had es tablished the variation of functional memory. Conclusion: In general, the job s tress and its sub-scale supporting by friends and control can be predicted the immunological sys tem and functional memory of employed women. It seems that clinicians and professionals could be applying these psychological and physical factors for improving the productivity of employees in clinical laboratory services.

Introduction: Alpha frequency band in the range of 8-12 Hz is associated with cognitive functions, such as creativity. The aim of this s tudy was to examine the activity of the alpha frequency band in two divergent and convergent thinking positions. Materials and Methods: In accordance to the available sampling and voluntary participation, thirty-eight pos tgraduate s tudents of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (19 males and 19 female) were chosen. Two subjects were excluded from the analysis due to artifacts in their brain waves. This s tudy was a quasi-experimental research with repeated measures. The EEG was recorded during the performance of four tasks (alternative uses tes t, counting the snakes, counting numbers tes t, and Missionaries and Cannibals task) in two divergent and convergent thinking. Results: The findings revealed that there is no significant difference between the activity of alpha waves in the left and right hemispheres in divergent thinking as well as in convergent thinking. In addition, the results of the analysis of variance of repeated measures indicated that in divergent thinking activity of alpha waves in the temporal, central and frontal areas were synchronized, while in the convergent thinking position de-synchronization of alpha waves was observed. Conclusion: Alpha band power changes in two divergent and convergent thinking positions represented of different functional mechanisms of alpha waves in these two thinking positions in different regions of the brain.

Introduction: Fetishism as a sexual deviation is characterized by imaginations, desires, and frequent sexual behaviors focused on objects that are not sexually sugges tive to others. This research with a dual purpose, on the one hand, examined the relationship between personality traits, attachment s tyles and fetishism, and on the other hand, measured the role of attachment s tyles in relation between personality traits and fetishism. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational s tudy. The s tatis tical population of the present s tudy was the men over 18 years of age in Tabriz in 2018. From among the community, a sample of 300 participants was selected through available sampling. The research ins truments were Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (MIDSA). Results: The Results showed that the higher the individual score in the variables of neuroticism and agreeableness, the greater the likelihood of a person having a fetishism. Possibly, those with a neurotic trait are more likely to have an avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment s tyle. The results of multivariable regression analysis also showed that 14% of the fetishism can be explained by personality traits. The greates t contribution was to neuroticism (P<0. 01) and then agreeableness (P<0. 05). Furthermore, three variables of avoidant attachment, secure attachment and ambivalent attachment predicted a total of 24% of the variance of the fetishism variable. Given the beta value, it is determined that the ambivalent attachment s tyle has the greates t effect on the fetishism variable. Finally, attachment s tyles act as mediators of the personality trait of neuroticism and fetishism. Conclusion: Avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment s tyles along with personality traits, neuroticism and agreeableness, can lead to sexual deviations, such as Fetishism

Introduction: Balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of the bes t and mos t used models for evaluating the performance in hospitals, which deals with four evaluation points and learning is one of them. To use this model, a conceptual model should be provided to develop a set of performance indicators in line with the hospital s trategy goals. The purpose of this s tudy was to inves tigate the role of learning in assessing the performance of Shahroud hospitals by using the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) criteria in the regulation of BSC indices. Materials and Methods: A simple random sampling method was used for this survey. The s tatis tical population includes all employed and admitted patients in Imam Hossein and Bahar hospitals in the year 2018. Sample size in Imam Hussein Hospital was 700 and in the Bahar hospital was 200 people. To collect data, four separate ques tionnaires were used based on the four criteria of BSC, the EFQM criteria, and the s tandard SERVQUAL ques tionnaire. Content validity of the ques tionnaires was confirmed by 11 experts in the treatment and accreditation group of hospitals (professors and senior management experts). Results: By reviewing the BSC sights and the relationship between their goals, the perspective of the squadrons was at the bes t level and in the order of progress, financial and growth and learning was at the lowes t level. Increasing employee satisfaction and encouraging innovation as the mos t basic goal and patient satisfaction from the physical environment was at the highes t level of the s trategy map. Conclusion: This method, in addition to providing a new aspect for determining the BSC indices, accurately revealed that inves tment in the field of growth and learning is very important. This is important as they ultimately are the members that affect the processes and outcomes of the organization and achieve the goals of other landscapes and reach the outlook of the hospital. Furthermore, it is recommended that hospital managers use common indicators between BSC and EFQM to facilitate the implementation of accreditation in hospitals.

Introduction: Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous sys tem (CNS). Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the regulation and coordination between oligodendrocytes, axons, and myelin. The development and survival of the CNS depend on the precise function of ECM components, including proteins, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Structurally, ECM provides anchor points for nerve cells and facilitates the organization of these cells in different CNS areas. Chemically, ECM is the source of a variety of molecular signals that cause the growth, differentiation, and survival of the neuronal cells. In this s tudy, we discuss the role of the components, factors, and signaling pathways of in ECM, including laminin, collagen, fibronectin, neurotrophic factors, neuregulin, tenascin, transferrin, semaphorin and chondroitin sulfate on regulation of myelination in the CNS. Exact coordination of positive and negative regulators of ECM for myelination is important in the production and maintenance of the correct amount of myelin to optimize the function of the CNS. Suitable ECM mimics in 3D culture media for myelination or remyelination can play an important role in improving the therapeutic s trategies in myelin sheath degenerative diseases. Conclusions: In this review, we discuss how ECM regulates the CNS myelination and oligodendrogenesis. We also review the role of ECM in demyelinating diseases and discuss 3D mediums for the models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Stroke survivors suffer from pain and a variety of physical disabilities as well as mood disorders, such as depression. More than 25% of s troke survivors permanently disabled and lose daily independence activities; thus, effective treatment is essential. For a long time, researchers have tried to find ways to reduce the brain damage following s troke. Trying to find Pharmaceutical ways in spite of the huge economic inves tment has failed. In addition to pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation of s troke is important. It is likely that molecular changes are crucial for spontaneous recovery. The purpose of this sys tematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypothermia for reducing mortality and morbidity after s troke. This is a quantitative research to achieve the objectives using of the previous s tudy analysis. Conclusion: Empirical work and clinical observation have shown the relationship between temperature and brain damage in s troke; in which s troke with fever is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Prevention of temperatures rising in the early s tages of s troke has been advised. Although s troke rehabilitation is beneficial, significant achievements occurs within the firs t hours and days after the s troke. Unders tanding of the protective role of hypothermia may improve the efforts to reduce the brain injuries following s troke.

Introduction: Therapeutic advances, brain imaging s tudies, and the results of drug-related research, have led to revising the etiology theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and es tablishing new research paradigms. OCD is considered as a psychiatric neuropathy with an essential biological nerve abnormality. In this context, the important determinant factor of the human quality of thinking is the processing of information in different neuronal networks. The microenvironment of the brain is important for the efficiency and accuracy of thought. In the present s tudy, the neurochemical properties and the role of various neurotransmitters in OCD are discussed. Conclusion: Numerous s tudies have shown that the serotonergic 5-HT2C receptor plays an important role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Furthermore, OCD is associated with changes in the s triatal serotonergic sys tem. The density of the serotonergic neurotransmitters markedly increases in the s triatum. In addition to serotonin, dopaminergic D3, D2, D1 receptors play a crucial role in the development of OCD. A significant enhancement of dopamine function is observed in the nucleus accumbens and right prefrontal cortex.

Introduction: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are a group of children who suffer from odd and s trange problems in the interpersonal relationship, social interaction with peer groups and others, verbal skills and daily living interes ts, and behaviors and movements. These problems can lead to several psychological and emotional dis turbances in their family. Conclusion: Beside the rehabilitation, education and therapeutic interventions as well as art and music therapy, several inves tigations have shown that psychodrama or theatre therapy is a beneficial approach for the children with autism spectrum disorder associated with cognitive, perceptual and verbal function difficulties. The s tudies have shown that theatre therapy improves the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children. The present article discusses the importance of theatre and psychodrama in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder.