JOURNAL OF CIVIL & LEGAL SCIENCES (GHANONYAR)
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:3|Papers Count:14

The right of people to determine their political goals and to achieve their practical principles is a very important issue in substantive and practical aspects at various national and international levels in accordance with international law, Occasionally, the law has been in accord with international law, but it has not been implemented or practiced in the real world, but it has not been fundamentally substantive. This paper tries to arrive at this conclusion by examining the nature and status of the right to self-determination in the realm of reality based on the documents and the theorems related to its subject that the right to self-determination, by virtue of its nature, is in binding and also achieve in addition to the conclusion that in the real world, the documents and cases based on the subject and its core, have also confirmed the confirmation of the necessity to observe and apply it under international law.

Women are one of the basic violence victims in the world. By the development of nations and global communications, coerations to the women had been changed and appeared in different faces. Cyberspace violence is one of the novel social blights. This essay apropos to definite a mean of the violence tries to find the roots of women cybery violences. This text wants to answer this question that why the violence about women had raised unlike thier raised sex situation? By the look of the biological approach and discofit violence theory which tend to the base of the violence, the sociological theory had mainly tend to the reasons of women violences. Using the analytic descriptive way tryed to tend ro the parents dissensions is the basic reason of women provocative behave and cybery violence. Concerning the social learning, observe and experience the violence in the childhood is the main reason of the violence about women.

The growth of technologies and digital and computer networks has had a major impact on the realization of the information society. In general, the vast growth of the intelligence community is due to the evolution of the communication and information tools that their evolution has begun a few centuries ago. In this study, we will investigate this issue by carefully examining the criminal responsibility of providing cyber criminal content in cyberspace, and then carefully examining the criminal liability of the criminal content and the lack of security in the cyberspace, and ultimately the responsibility of service providers And we will discuss computer data in the European Commission's ecommerce directive. This directive, dated June 8, 2000, has provided some of the legal aspects of the services of the Information Society, especially e-commerce in the domestic market and the Council of Europe, which will examine all of the above issues. Finally, in the sequel to the study, criminal investigations and prosecution of criminal data and information in the cyberspace will be addressed, as well as the need to ensure the security of the cyberspace and the responsibility of the computer service providers in accordance with the Council of Europe' s e-commerce directive. Research and study.

In many countries people are different in terms of race, ethnicity, religion. Multiculturalism or the presence of minorities in the structure of governments has caused ethnic tensions and violence throughout the world. Among the minorities claiming their independence and separatism is the history of Iraqi Kurdistan. By announcing the referendum on September 27, 2016, they announced the independence of the Kurdish climate. Although this referendum was declared invalid by the central government of Iraq, and many states recognize the independence of the Kurdish region as illegitimate, Massoud Barzani, insisting on separation and independence, calls for a peaceful negotiation of independence and the purpose of the referendum is to declare independence, and emphasizes that the referendum Most people are approved by Kurdistan. The study seeks to examine the views of international law scholars on the legitimacy of unilateral separation to examine the legitimacy or unilateral legitimacy of Kurdish regional independence. The results of the research indicate that the separatist and independence of the Kurdistan region of Iraq will legitimize only if they prove their human rights violations by the ruling regime in Iraq or to persuade the international community to have effective components. Because the legitimacy of unilateral separation in non-colonial conditions and the disagreement of the ruling regime of the country is impossible.

In the past, natural causes and diseases have been the main cause of mortality, while today there are many preventative factors that have caused these deaths. Recent deaths have had many declines in mortality and morbidity. Students, meanwhile, lose nearly one million people a year to suicidal their lives each year. They have said that: Sometimes suicide is a friend's face. In this sense, a person loves himself so much that in the sense that he likes himself so much that he is not even willing to sit up in the dark or to put his face on it. Expects everyone to love him as he likes. Love and self-interest cause it to die if it feels that it is going to be a bitter for him. Sometimes suicide is for attracting opinions and gaining popularity. The one who feels less and supposes that there is no star in the sky that shines for him may even suicide, in order to attract attention and gain popularity. Sometimes for another reason. Like the sadness of death and the loss of a dear one who suspects that he is intolerable to him or a desire to punish others who burn their hearts through their death and tears them.

In this paper, using the library method, we analyzed and analyzed the issue of "the implementation of legal retributivities in the penal system of Iran and Islam with social expediency" and explained the position of "retribution" in the criminal system of Islam and Iran and its adaptation to social expediency And in the opposite direction, it is necessary to presume that preserving the punishment of "retaliation" for social expediency, the deterioration of society from the crime of self and members and interests, as well as the preservation of the dignity of the physical integrity of the people of society. Crimes against physical integrity include violent crime. These crimes are committed against the body and the soul, in contrast to what (contrary to the property) are the only human property and part of his existence. Hence, in my opinion, in various legal systems, punitive penalties are imposed on perpetrators of such crimes. This hardship in the law of Hammurabi, as the oldest human-law law of four thousand years, is in the Sharia of Moses (as) and other religions, in the laws of the old civilizations (such as Iran and ancient Rome), as well as in Today's laws are observed in countries.

One of the important and sensitive issues in legal systems is the evidence and method of citing and admitting it to prove or reject private and criminal claims, in such a way that it can be said that the cause of the case is not finally concluded, then the documents and documents arising from the functions of information technology should also be in the same space. And searched electronically. Years ago, a computer occupied the entire room, but today the computer can be as low as possible. Technical advances that are available to the police are also handled by criminals. Computers and other electronic devices have influenced all aspects of today's advanced life, computers can be used to commit crime, and evidence of crime, or even the object of crime. Understanding the nature and nature of electronic documents, how to look at the scenes of potential evidence of crime Electronic, and how a policeman and detective with a cybernetic scene deal with. Police need to have coordination and collaboration in order to perform their duties in relation to electronic documents. These are officers and inspectors, laboratory officials and managers. The first officer entering the crime scene is required to identify, select, protect, carry or store an electronic certificate. In today's world, this can be the duty of every member of the police. It is possible that each of the staff will order the collection of electronic documents or participate in the collection of documents. It may be necessary for laboratory officials to act as assistant on the scene of crime and to examine the documents. In the meantime, the task of managers is to ensure that their subjects are well trained and adequately equipped to deal with e-documents.

Given that human beings always and at all times seek to meet their needs and desires and try to meet their needs, this has led to different activities to achieve this goal. For example, people have to work away from their homes and homes in order to have a decent job and income. In addition to the issue of employment, adventure and the desire of people to know their surroundings and to carry out various trips, it is another factor that causes people to leave their homes and spend time in other places. Today, these trips either due to employment, because of fun or travel, or for any other reason. But on the one hand, these trips can not be considered safe. So one of the things that causes family members and relatives and relatives to know about him for some time is these trips and sometimes they may not have received any information even about the person's living or dead. That has its own problems. Different communities, according to their own circumstances, have laid down specific rules for such cases. In our country, the Civil Code and the law of affairs have been addressed to this issue. In the laws of Iran, according to the definitions given in the Civil Code, a person who has passed from a time when he is absent is said to be "no absent".

Assignment to the validity of the nature of the case may be legal or material. In the acquisition of rights, there is the intention to create a legal action in relation to the transaction, which, as the case may be, is the same, interests or non-controversial, and material seizure refers to the aspect of physical acts. Which deals with the same transaction, and in accordance with Article 214 of the Civil Code, the transaction may be property or practice, but civil law does not provide for a dissolution, but with the notion of dissolution, such a withdrawal will be a dissolution institution where the contractor is correctly located Due to the dissolution of the case, to end, being and credit Ordad comes into the realm of contract. And the types of dissolution are divided into terminations, termination and dissolution. What is important is the rules that govern it at the stage of the formation of the contract until the creation of the liquidation, if the assets are traded against the transaction, therefore, with the analysis conducted in this study, such It is understood that legal and material possessions are in principle legal and proprietary, and in the event of loss, it is paid in the form of an indemnity if it is lost.

tocks in the word have different meanings. Some consider it as the gathering of the beam and, in the sense of the beams, the promise of interest, favoritism, and authority. Some have defined it as a part or a chance. Also, the share is considered as the size of six zeros in public transactions. The stock has been interpreted into other meanings; the beam that they are gambling with, the arc of the "straight line connecting between the chord and circular arc", the straight line connecting between the vertex and its circular center, or the contribution, are called the star of the sky. Stock is a new legal phenomenon as property rights. The share is a combination of material property (share sheet) and intangible property (rights and obligations). Possessing the properties and properties of material property in such a way as to bring it closer to material possessions. The transfer of shares in public corporations is the principle of free transfer and no limitation. In the corporations, there is the principle of the freedom of transfer, but it is possible to restrict its transfer. Due to the nature of the private limited liability company's limited liability company, the principle is that it is not transferable unless it satisfies the terms of the company' s articles of association. In addition, the transfer of shares is a special procedure that, in case of non-compliance, the transfer is not correct, and compliance with the procedure makes it possible for the transfer to be invoked against the company and third parties. However, anonymous stock transfers are made without any formalities and with bills.

In the past decades, people had to waste their valuable time spent on a small, day-to-day business, but nowadays, with the advent of ecommerce law and its advancements, life and work have become easier, and people can push multiple keys Selling and selling your goods from around the world. In e-commerce, e-business, e-banking, and etc. When people's lives are supposed to rely on this business, they must be able to provide security, integrity, comprehensiveness, culture, the breadth of the possibility of sustainability and the speed of care provided. And face some challenges, such as electronic or computer theft, and the loss of data privacy that threatens e-commerce. In this paper, the validity of the message data in e-commerce versus paper documents and the value of the electronic document are discussed. The analysis will be conducted with the study of the Law on Electronic Commerce of Iran, the Code of Conduct, and the Code of Conduct and the International Convention on the Law of the Interior of the Advanced Electronic E-Commerce.

One of the most important pillars of the structure of government is in a political system of the legislature. Indeed, Parliament is the main legislative institution in each country. Representatives of the parliament have broad powers and special privileges because they are elected by the people. Amin people are considered to be within the governing body and are monitored by other elements of the government, especially the executive branch. Independence of the deputies in the exercise of agency powers is so important that most political systems have a special immunity to them. However, the deputies are not immune from monitoring and responding to their conduct. Many parliamentarians in the world have a kind of in organizational monitoring of behavior There are no complaints about the behavior of the parliaments, but there are different differences in the manner in which they are supervised. With this in mind recently, in the general election policy, the Supreme Leader, in accordance with paragraph 13 of the policies Notification of the necessity of designing a method The monitoring of the representative has been emphasized over the four years of activity, and according to the rule, this mechanism should be designed and approved by the parliament itself, as the parliament's legislative authority.

By holding elections and selecting people's deputies in different areas, the Ministry of the Interior must issue a credential to each elected person, this credential is that the credentials of the representative have been legally approved, and he has been able to, after passing through various stages, the required votes and Get into the House. The credentials are in fact the passport of the electorate to enter the parliament. The United Kingdom does not have a constitution, and the sources of its basic rights are the same as those which apply to the general rules of law, which are: statutory or substantive law, customary law, judicial procedure. In addition, the English law has not yet been interpreted, and the views of the authors of the books and professors of the university are of great value in this field. This research aims to study the comparative study of credit status in the legal system of Iran and Britain and conducted by descriptive analytical method It is accepted that the results indicate that the reputation of the representatives of the representatives in the legal system of Iran and England is completely different, so that the credentials of the representatives in the legal system of Iran are approved by the delegates themselves, while in the English legal system by the members of the Supreme Court Approved or rejected.

In conventional banking (conventional or western) or paying for profit, it is part of the essence of banking operations, and on this basis, the relationship between depositors and the bank, as well as the relationship between the bank and the recipients of the facility, is explained in the framework of a loan agreement with a predetermined interest, but In Islamic banking, in order to prohibit interest, the situation is completely different. Islamic banking, based on the implementation of banking activities in accordance with the rules should regulate all its activities within the framework of Islamic financial instruments, or Islamic contracts, by participating in profit and loss, without considering the definitive profits, in most cases with customers. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, serious discussions about the Islamic banking system were formed and based on the principles of banking law based on the observance of the rules and based on this contracts were foreseen to meet the requirements of the applicants in the Law of Banking without Raba. Following the implementation of the law of free bank operations since the beginning of 1363, the formation of contracts affected by various factors, such as the lack of funding of applicants for funds within the framework of the existing contracts, is one of the major shortcomings of the Islamic banking system. In order to realize the development of Islamic financial instruments in the country's banking system and to prevent the formation of contracts, the ASTM contract as a new tool was added to the third chapter of the Law of Non-Risk Banking Law in 2011. The newness of the marriage contract, the failure to mention the independent legal title, and its detailed review of civil law, as well as the failure to observe the widespread use of this marriage contract in the country's banking system, presently have many questions about the legal nature, legal history, jurisprudence, and the issues. Theoretical, executive guidelines and strengths and weaknesses of this newly established legal entity are intended to be explored in this article, in which it is attempted to investigate as far as possible the aforementioned issues.