IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2), as principle intracellular Ca2+buffer, is involved in regulation of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. In human and animal models, its dysfunction is associated with cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broiler chickens is a cardiac disease associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF); however its pathogenesis at molecular levels is not precisely determined. Based on the similarities between clinical aspects of sudden death in human and chickens, we hypothesis that there may be also similar underlying mechanisms. Coding sequence of CASQ2 gene in left ventricle muscle of healthy broiler (Cobb 500), layer (Leghorn) and indigenous chickens was determined by RT-PCR and direct sequencing. Then, sequence, structure and function of the corresponding protein were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The sequence of chCASQ2 was identical in different chicken breeds and was highly similar to that of human and other species. According to the results, CASQ2 can be a suitable candidate molecule for investigation about SDS pathogenesis.

The aim of this study was to improve culture conditions of bovine embryos produced by the Hand-made cloning (HMC) method with the use of serum and myoinositol. For this purpose, after oocytein vitro maturation followed by elimination of the zona pellucida, bovine oocytes were enucleated by separation of the metaphase spindle protrusion using a very thin pulled pasteur pipette.After attachment of adult fibroblasts as donor cell into the enucleated oocyte and subsequent fusion and activation, reconstructed embryos were cultured by the Well of the Well (WOW) method in six groups, including IVCSOF, IVCSOF-CSS, IVCSOF-ci, IVCSOF-ciCSS, IVCSOFci and IVCSOFci-CSS. In these groups, the embryos were cultured in IVCSOF with or without myoinositol-sodium citrate media until the third and then CSS and/or myoinositol-sodium citrate was added. Finally, development rate was recorded and analyzed statistically. The result showed that despite the ineffectiveness of myoinositol on embryonic development capabilities, the embryos cultured in the presence of this combination and serum significantly reached earlier to blastocyst stage (p<0.05); as well as the addition of serum from the third day to the culture medium can significantly increase the blastocyst rate (p<0.05). So it can be concluded that due to the limitations of the medium refreshing of zona free embryos, and on the other hand the ineffectiveness myoinositol, either the beginning or the third day, the embryo developmental competency can be improved only by adding serum on the third day.

This study was conducted to evaluate the follicular and hormonal changes of Naeini ewes during the estrous cycle in breeding season. For this purpose, eight Naeini ewes were selected from a purebred herd in the fall of 1392. The estrous cycle of all ewes was synchronized with insertion of intravaginal progesterone sponge during a 12 days period. The ewes were checked for estrus signs using 4 intact rams fitted with aprons. Then the ovarian follicles changes were evaluated by ultrasound method during a 16 days period after estrus detection. At the same time, blood samples were collected to determine concentration of serum progesterone and oestradiol. Results showed that six ewes had single ovulation and two ewes had double ovulation. In present study, the right ovary was more active than the left ovary. The small and medium follicles were minimum during the early and late of estrus cycle, while the large follicles were maximum at the end of this cycle (P<0.05). The maximum concentrations of progesterone (4.72 ng/ml) and oestradiol (3.62 pg/ml) were observed respectively on 10th and 16th days of estrus cycle (P<0.05). Generally, the results showed that the maximum number of small and medium-sized follicles was observed in the middle of estrus cycle.Therefore, the absence of dominance effects in the middle of the estrous cycle was observed due to the high concentrations of corpus luteum progesterone secretion.

This study evaluates the effects of synbiotic Biomin IMBO and phytogenic Biomin P.E.P on the serum lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and growth performance of Japanese quails were performed. Bomin IMBO including Enterococcus fasium (a probiotic), Fructo- Oligosaccharides (a prebiotics) and particles stimulate the immune system. Biomin P.E.P includes phytogenic compounds (carvacrol, anethole, limonene), which is part of prebiotic compounds fructooligisaccharides.Japanese quail chicks (n=180) were divided into 3 groups and 4 replicated times. Groups 2 and 3, respectively recieved 1gr/kg Biomin IMBO and 1gr/kg Biomin P.E.P dietary. The mean weight, feed intake and feed conversion was done on a weekly. Blood samples to measure plasma levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation were measured on day 35 and the end of the growing period. Measurement of serum lipid peroxidation using T-BARS and measurement of serum levels of nitric oxide were measured using the Griess method. The results showed that Biomin IMBO and Biomin P.E.P did not significantly affect the dry matter intake and weight gain, however feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in treatment group Biomin IMBO in compared to control group. Malondealdehyde and nitric oxide measurement significantly reduced in treatment groups.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger extract on sex hormones of female rats, which exposed to induced oxidative stress. Twenty female rats after weaning were assigned into 4 groups: The first group (control) was gavaged 0.1 ml olive oil for 30 days. The second group was gavaged 0.1 ml olive oil and was injected Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBH; 0.1 mmole per kg of body weight). The TBH was injected into peritoneum every other day. The third group was gavaged with ginger extract dissolved in 0.1 ml olive oil (500 milligram per kilogram body weight) for five days per week, and the forth group was injected with TBH in peritoneum and gavaged with ginger extract dissolved in 0.1 ml olive oil (500 milligram per kilogram body weight) for five days per week. At the end of the experiment, some sex hormones were measured in plasma. Interactions between ginger extract and TBH injection were not significant for measured sex hormones (P>0.10).Injection of TBH to rats decreased LH and estradiol concentrations (p<0.05). The concentrations of LH and FSH tended to be greater in rats received ginger extract. In conclusion, administration of ginger extract increased the concentration of some sexual hormones and these responses may positively affect reproductive performance.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate gene expression of constitutive and inductive nitric oxide synthase enzymes (cNOS, iNOS) and measurement of nitric oxide metabolite in ovine sertoli cells under heat stress. Testes of ten male lambs were provided from abattoir and then transported to the lab for separating of sertoli cells. Heat stress was challenged in three groups which consist of control (temperature of 32oC), mild heat stress (temperature of 39˚C) and severe heat stress (temperature of 42oC). The amount of nitrite (nitric oxide metabolite) was significantly higher in 42 oC-group than control (p<0.05). The mRNAs of constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene in 39˚C-group and inductive nitric oxide synthase gene in 42 oC-group were significantly tha that of control (p<0.05). Heat stress is a destructive agent in the viability and function of sertoli cells. Mechanism of this effect is via high production of free radicals such as nitric oxide, which could cause serious damages and make apoptosis. In this research, sertoli cells of sheep were introduced as suitable model for evaluation of nitric oxide production and gene expression of nitric oxide synthase enzymes.

Infertility due to Chlamydial infection has been reported worldwide andChlamydia abortus as one of the main causes of abortion, is still a major problem of the livestock industry. However there is inadequate information about Chlamydial infection rates of cattle in Iran. In this study blood samples were taken from 184 cattle belong to 3 industrial farms around Tehran. All samples were analyzed using an ELISA kit manufactured by IDEEX company, then the presence of antibodies against Chlamydia abortusin serum were measured. The relationship between the occurrence of infection, age and number of abortion were analyzed statistically by chi-square test using SPSS. Eighty-nine (48.4%) of cattle had antibodies against Chlamydia abortus. From seropositive and seronegative animals, 20 and 18 of them had more than one abortion respectively. At least 38 animals had two abortions. There was no significant difference between the number of abortion and age in seropositive animals. According to the contamination of all the three farms in this study, it is necessary to pay more attention to the C. abortus along with other infectious causes of abortion in cattle.

Brucellosis considers one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. It frequently reports all over the world, except in those countries where animal brucellosis has been eradicated.When the incidence of brucellosis is controlled in animal reservoirs, there is a corresponding and significant decline in the incidence in humans. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of animal brucellosis in Kermanshah province through 2009-2013. Data of vaccinating livestock and also examined tests according to year and type of livestock (cows, sheep and goat) were obtained from Veterinary Organization of Kermanshah province. According to the results of the present study, 3570 sheep, 66077 cattle and 52 goat have been evaluated between 2009 and 2013 that 397 (11.12%), 26 (0.04%) and 14 (26.92%) of each animals were positive, respectively. The highest number of cases of the disease was reported in 2011 that 247 and 10 cases of sheep and cattle were positive. Moreover, during the period of the study 3268982 sheep, 484132 cattle and 110849 goats were vaccinated. The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Kermanshah province is relatively low and effective control program of the disease should be recommended.

Brucellosis considers one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. It frequently reports all over the world, except in those countries where animal brucellosis has been eradicated.When the incidence of brucellosis is controlled in animal reservoirs, there is a corresponding and significant decline in the incidence in humans. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of animal brucellosis in Kermanshah province through 2009-2013. Data of vaccinating livestock and also examined tests according to year and type of livestock (cows, sheep and goat) were obtained from Veterinary Organization of Kermanshah province. According to the results of the present study, 3570 sheep, 66077 cattle and 52 goat have been evaluated between 2009 and 2013 that 397 (11.12%), 26 (0.04%) and 14 (26.92%) of each animals were positive, respectively. The highest number of cases of the disease was reported in 2011 that 247 and 10 cases of sheep and cattle were positive. Moreover, during the period of the study 3268982 sheep, 484132 cattle and 110849 goats were vaccinated. The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Kermanshah province is relatively low and effective control program of the disease should be recommended.

A 5 month-old terrier dog with history of falling and signs of clinical lameness in left hind limb with swelling, tenderness and crepitus in palpation was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University. A complete transverse fracture at distal portion of left femur with subluxation of patella has been shown in radiological evaluation. Based on open reduction and internal fixation, fracture’s fragments in anatomical alignment had been fixed by using two cross intramedullary pins. For excessive stability of mentioned alignment and reduction, the fracture ends were compressed exactly towards each other by passing an orthopedic wire via figure 8 wiring technique. The following radiographic evaluation confirmed correct insertion of cross pins and proper reduction and fixation of fracture’s fragments. Ultimately, the method using pin and wire in surgical treatment of distal femur fracture seemed successful after eight-week exercise restriction and postoperative followings respectively.