GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2007 | Volume:22 | Issue:1 (84)|Papers Count:8

Attempted suicide is a psychiatric emergency, which usually involves young and healthy people. One of the most important roles of health care professionals is to prevent suicide. This study was designed to determine the relationship between the temperature, sunlight hours and length of the day on the one band, and attempted suicide by drugs on the other hand.This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Isfahan in the year 2005. At first, the patients' files in poisoning ward of 'Noor' hospital from the year 1999 till 2004 which included 13384 files were reviewed and organized according to age, gender and date of suicide. Then, the needed climatic information consisting of sunlight hours, minimum, maximum and mean of temperature and duration of day were obtained from Isfahan Synoptic Station. This information was analyzed by the SPSS software. The results show a positive correlation between the number of daily, monthly, yearly and seasonal attempted suicides and temperature (minimum, maximum, mean temperature), sunlight hours and duration of the day (P=0.001). Attempted suicide was most prevalent in 10th of Tir, the first week of Tir, the first half of Tir, the month of Tir and the season of summer. The least prevalence of attempted suicide belonged to 8th of Farvardin third week of Farvardin, second half of Farvardin, the month of Azar and the season of autumn. No significant difference was observed between the temperature variable and age and sex of patients with attempted suicide. The role of climatic changes in attempted suicide by drugs must be considered in evaluating patients. Some preventative measures are recommended for such patients.

This paper studies the transformation of Iranian-Islamic cities by considering Tabriz as an example of these cities. It also studies the effect of modernism on this transformation. For the explanation and analysis, the Determine, Wirth and Ewers Islamic cities model was used. This model was compared with the urban pattern of Tabriz. The general pattern of Iranian-Islamic city before and after modernism and its adoption to Tabriz city are considered. Also, the periods of Tabriz transformations and the modernist, national and regional influential factors are considered. The semi-modernist attempts like making streets and the demolition of the historical and traditional texture of the city up to 1340 produced some instability and disruption in Tabriz and slums were made in this period. From 1340 to 1370, farm reforms, the use of new building materials and technology as well as the third development program of the pre-revolution increased the urban population growth and the area of the city which brought some physical transformation of Tabriz. The first, second and third development programs have caused new transformations in Tabriz since 1340.Finally, it can be concluded that contemporary and recent transformations of Iranian-Islamic cities (for example, Tabriz city) arise from the advent of modernism in economy, society, politics, culture, etc. These factors caused physical transformations of Tabriz city.

The erosion and sediment production are important dilemmas in Iran and for this reason it is necessary to predict the erosion rates for unstable regions. The diversity of influential factors on erosion has subdued the presentation and prediction of special methods; hence, authors had to use empirical methods basically used in other environmental conditions. It is clear that some research centers have tried to manipulate such methods and to present correction constants in recent years. Nevertheless, the empirical methods have been often used without manipulation and entering the correction constants perhaps due to potential deficiencies.Therefore, there is a need to apply erosion estimation methods whose data are accessible from environment itself with respect to potentials and temporal accessibility. For this reason, we have attempted in this study to develop a model in Kabootar Laneh basin of Kangavar city in order to be able to estimate the amount of sediment production with higher reliabilities. Having this aim, we measured the runoff, and the resultant sediment of the rainfall from 17 to 19 April of 2002 in this basin. We carried out this measurement in 10 plots with given gradient and vegetation covers and developed models based on the erosion production from these plots and their runoff, the slope and vegetation cover characteristics. The gradient, vegetation cover, and runoff mapping, based on effective precipitation during 16 years records in Kangavar station, determined the erosion rates and annual sediment production constant. The homogeneous aquifer zone based on overlaid maps represented the same sediment delivery with respect to the selected model. The sum of weighted mean of sediment production for each unit was obtained using the calculated erosion model. The results showed that the exponential model with the highest meaningful model was the best responsive model to erosion prediction for the basin under study. The amount of sediment production, in this basin was equal to 4856 kg and the depository amount 36%, while the amount of sediment production using the PSIAC method was as much as twice this figure.

This research was done on the basis of the assumption that the present structure of Yazd can be categorized on the basis of the per capita of the land utility and urban present structures. This could yield different patterns of physical development In this descriptive-analytical method, the physical growth and development dynamic of the city were inspected and different available patterns are identified.The city of Yazd, in its 2000 year history before the modernism and capitalism era, has experienced the organic growth like the oldest cities of Iran. This growth pattern, in conformity with geography and logic of desert architecture, has presented a concise and integrated structure. In this pattern the urban land has had the traditional uses of the city. The new pattern of urban development appeared after the execution of the first urban comprehensive plan, contrary to the traditional patterns, have been executed from the land annexed extensively and out of a land utility plan.Before the Islamic Revolution, these patterns were formed on the basis of development of urban borders and attracting the marginal villages and the lands and gardens. But after the revolution, they were expanded through private and governmental assigning and supplying the lands in the annexed limits. At present; Yazd is involved in a variety of patterns of physical development because of the annexations approved by the last urban plans and also supplying and assigning the lands which has caused the land to lose its versatility.

One of the important environmental problems of Iran is erosion of landforms. To control or reduce the degrdational effects, it is necessary to evaluate the factors which affect. In a case study, and for the understanding of these factors, the erosive landforms including rill erosion, soliflution, creep. landslide, rockfall and river erosion are identified and determined by aerial photographs, topographic maps and field work. And then, the character of each is evaluated and measured for the kind of formation and climate factors.To determine the relation between observed erosive landforms and the given parameters, to identify the most important factors causing these forms, we used statistical analysis and multiple regression. The results show that kind of formation, altitude and slope have a more important role in establishing and changing of erosive landforms in the region.

Zoning Land slide is one of the approaches which can be used to define the critical areas regarding the slope stability and the maps prepared based on this demarcating are used in programming stable development. The area of Estarkhi Shirvan in North Khorasan province is located in the northern slopes of Shah Jahan heights and is one of the sub-domains of the large domain of Atrak. One of the major problems in this area is the happening of several relatively large landslides which lead to a lot of damages. In order to recognize the slope movements, it is necessary to recognize all aspects of the factors and processes which continually affect slopes and drive them into instability or stability.Accordingly, this study uses AHP statistical index method in order to demarcate zoning land slide. Many factors are included in this zoning such as rainfall, temperature, lasting of snow, lithology, distance from the fault, crake, morphological units, the sun and shadow, slope, slope direction, height ranks, accumulation of drainage, distance from the river, hydro logic groups of soil, land use, distance from the village as well as plant coating. In this method, according to extent of the seismic demarcates in each class of different parameters being studied, weight value per calls is considered, and at last the sum of weight values for each cell is obtained by overlapping different layers. Then, the map was prepared for the ranks of dangers of seismisms in 4 classes: very much, much, medium and low. According to the zoning map prepared, about 1.8%of the area of this domain is located in the area of very much risk, 20.9 %in the area of much risk, 56.9 % in the area of medium risk and 20.4 %in the area of low risk.

Remote sensing technology has shown its great capabilities to solve many earth resources issues. One of the most important applications of this technology is to detect land use/cover changes happened over a certain period of, time. In this study, an attempt has been made to study urban land use/rover changes over a period of 10 years from 19-09-1988 to 04-4-1998. Using PCI Geomatica software package and after careful registration of two Land sat TM image data sets on each other, different digital image processing techniques such as simple image differencing, principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy logic were used to generate the change map of the city of Tehran, Iran. Most of the observed changes were in vegetation land use/cover category. The change image generated in this work could be a useful tool to urban managers for investigating and monitoring illegal use of land at urban areas.