JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Autism is a developmental disorder that occurs in the first three years of childhood and affects normal brain development and social interactions. The aimof this study was to determine the effectiveness of Child Centered Group Play Therapy on the emotional and social skills of children with autism disorders. Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of 10 children aged 6 to 8 years with autism disorder who were selected by available sampling method and assigned into experimental (n=5) and control groups (n = 5). It was a pretest-posttest semi-experimental study and the study tools were Zimerman Emotion Management Skill Questionnaire and Elliot & Gersham Social Skills Questionnaire. After the implementation of the pretest, the intervention (child-centered therapy game) was performed for the experimental group and then the posttestwas performed. Results: Multivariate covariance analysis showed that Child Centered Play Therapy significantly increased the emotional and social skills in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, child-centered therapeutic games improve the emotional skills of children with autism and is useful in teaching emotional and social skills to autistic children. Therefore, it is suggested that health care administrators pay attention to this matter.

Introduction: The consumption of fruits and vegetables is lower than the recommended level, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention by peers on the consumption of fruits and vegetables in housewives. Methods: The current semi-experimental study was conducted on housewives living in Morvarid and Fajr towns in Bandar Abbas, Iran. In each of the intervention and the control groups, 65 subjects were recruited. Samples were taken randomly from the files at the health center of the towns. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were collected using a questionnaire in two stages (before and two months after the intervention). The training was conducted on the importance and benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption by the peers and for one month in the intervention group. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and inferential statistics. Results: There was no significant difference in pre-intervention assessment between the intervention and control groups in terms of the evaluated variables, however, the post-intervention assessments showed a significant increase in the scores of benefits and self-efficacy of fruits and vegetables consumption and a significant decrease in the scores of the perceived barriers to fruits and vegetables consumption in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0. 001). Also, the number of fruits and vegetables daily intake unit in the intervention group increased from 1. 73 to 4. 20 and in the control group from 1. 96 to 2. 16; a statistically significant difference was also observed in this regard between the groups (P <0. 001). Conclusion: Peer education improves benefits and self-efficacy, reduces barriers, and increases the daily intake of fruits and vegetables in housewives.

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus is a very common cause of sexually transmitted diseases and can cause serious harmful effects in neonates infected in prenatal stage. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 herpes viruses in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in Bandar Abbas using Multiplex PCR. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional conducted on 110 pregnant women referred to laboratory of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas. In this study, 5 ml of blood from each pregnant women was taken and transferred to the lab for microbiological testing. After DNA extraction, replication was performed using PCR method. Variables such as age, pregnancy status, and so on were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 29. 19 years. In total, 10 cases had type 1 and 3 had type 2 herpes virus infection. In no case, both types of the virus was detected. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of herpes virus in the subjects was 11. 81. Considering the increasing trend of high-risk behaviors and sexually transmitted diseases such as genital herpes in the community, education, rising awareness, and support of pregnant women and the preparation of a clinical and laboratory screening program is recommended for prevention of such diseases.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that occurs more often in the elderly, and its obvious characteristic is the reduction of bone strength which poses the person at the risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge and practice of high school girls in Bandar Abbas regarding osteoporosis. Methods: A semi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of 419 high school students in Bandar Abbas, Iran, wich were selected using a randomized cluster sampling and assigned to intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 19 software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test and paired T-test. Results: The differtence between the mean scores of knowledge and practice in intervention and control groups was not significant before the educational intervention. In the intervention group, the mean score of knowledge and practice increased significantly (p-value= 0. 001) after the intervention. The mean of the practice score of the intervention group increased significantly from22. 2 in the pre-intervention to 29. 79 in the post-intervention stage (p-value = 0. 028). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the administered educational intervention has been effective in promoting the level of knowledge and practice of high school female students towards osteoporosis. Therefore, planning and implementation of this educational model in the target population can be effective for prevention of the diseases at an advanced age.

Introduction: Self-medication in students as educated people in the community is one of the most important social-health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude and practice of students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences towards self-medication. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 483 students of medical university of Shiraz. The Samples were selected using cluster-randomized sampling method from 4 colleges. Data were collected using a self medication standard three-part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square, t-test, and Pearson’ s correlation coefficient tests. Results: The mean and standard deviation of attitude and practice scores of students were 24. 53 ± 9. 98 and 2. 41 ± 1. 61, respectively. The difference in mean score of attitude and practice of students in different fields of study was statistically significant. In addition, the correlation between attitude and practioce variables was statistically significant. Conclusion: The mean score of attitude and practice of students in this study was very low, therefore, the development of appropriate educational programs in the field of self-medication will be effective.

Introduction: Drug and alcohol use and unconventional sex are among the high-risk behaviors and the cause of social damages of human societies in the modern era. In addition to numerous health problems, it also threatens the social and cultural foundations of the societies. Unfortunately, young people are the most vulnerable group to tend toward these behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these behaviors in Rudan city students. Methods: It was an applied descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study were Rudan Islamic Azad and Payame Noor University students. A sample of 530 students were selected through randomized stratified sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of drug use (opiates, stimulants, industrial, traditional, and etc. ) was 5. 5% (8. 2% in boys and 1. 1% in girls) and for tobacco products (including cigarettes and hookahs and tobacco) it was 20% (24. 2% In boys and 16. 4% in girls). In addition, 10. 5% of boys and 2. 9% of girls had an out of marriage sex history in the past year. Conclusion: This study shows the need to pay more attention to social harms including high-risk sexual behaviors, drug use, and smoking in the students.

Introduction: Nursing students suffer from additional stress. This stress have a negative effects on students' mental health. This study aims to provide an overview of researches in the field non-pharmacological strategies to reduce anxiety in nursing students. Data sources: In this study, different information sources such as ISI, Medline (Pubmed), medlib, Scopus John Wily, Science direct, Index Medicus, and ovid between 1938 and 2015 were investigated. The results of these studies were carefully analyzed. Selected methods for study: In these studies, various methods including relaxation techniques and decisiveness training have been addressed. After the electronic search, 88 articles were retrieved, of which 58 were removed due to incomformity. Electronic searches were made using the key words "non-drug strategies", "anxiety", and "nursing students" in the titles and abstracts of articles in Mesh. Composition of the contents and results: The results showed the great effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods, especially mental relaxation, relaxation, stress management programs, and aromatherapy, in reduction of the nursing students' anxiety. Conclusion: The stress of a nursing student affects the overall system efficiency and quality of care. Therefore, it is recommended that the educational authorities and educators identify the anxious students and use appropriate methods to improve their condition.

Introduction: Pollution of soils and aquatic environments with heavy metals is a serious and growing problem. The entry of heavy metals through human activities has contaminated many soils. Also, contamination of rice with heavy metals has brough them into the food chain which can have devastating effects on human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of heavy metals in imported Indian and Pakistanian, and Iranian rice. Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 150 randomly selected rice samples which were consumed in Hormozgan province in 2015. Heavy metals were measured using dry ash method and atomic spectrometry. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that the amount of heavy metals in imported rice from India and Pakistan, as well as Iranian rice was acceptable according to the Iranian national standard criteria. The concentrations of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in all samples were 0. 051, 0. 075, and 0. 019 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the amount of heavy metals in the studied samples is at an acceptable level, and a small difference in the amount of heavy metals may be due to several factors such as the geographical location of the cultivation area, the soil characteristics, the industrial situation in the area, and so on. Therefore, it is suggested that periodic measurements of heavy metals be made in order to create an effective operational system for achieving food security and promoting organic agriculture.