Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
Year:2016 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:7

Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the common adolescence disorders which is characterized by mental occupation with bodily deficits.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in girl adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder.Methods: In an experimental study, 30 young girl students with OCD in the Najafabad city were randomly selected and assigned to one experimental(N = 15) and one control (N = 15) group. Eight weekly session of ACT was administrated to the experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-YBOCS) was used as the instrument of the study in pre – test and post – test for both two groups.Funding: The results of ANCOVA showed a significant post – test decrease in OCD scores in the experimental group compared the control group (p<0.05).Results: Acceptance and commitment therapy is significantly effective on OCD in girl adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder

Introduction: One of the most important roles of the studies and researches conducted on the family and espousal relationships has been devoted to the marital adjustment. Different surveys and studied have found that various factors such as personal characteristics and communication skills have affected the quality of the marital adjustment a lot. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study is to have a survey on the relationship between self-worth and communication styles and the marital adjustment. Methodology: The present study is a correlational survey. Its subjects included 148 married women who were the parents of the children studying in the kindergartens and pre-school centers in Ghorveh in the year 1394.The sampling procedure was a cluster sampling method. In this survey three marital adjustment scales were used: Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976), Contingencies Self-Worth Questionnaire (Crocker & Wolfe, 2003) and the Communication Style Questionnaire (Christenson & Sullaway, 1984).Results: The results of the survey showed that there is no significant correlation between self-worth and marital adjustment in general but the external aspects of self-worth (scientific qualification and competency, competition and competitiveness, appearance and being approved by others) had a significant negative correlation with the marital adjustment. The results also indicated that there is significant correlation between communication styles and marital adjustment in a way that there was a significant positive correlation between the scores of the interactive constructive style and marital adjustment but there was a significant negative relationship between the scores of the avoidant style and demand/withdraw style and marital adjustment.Conclusion: The results of the present survey show that the external self-worth has a significant negative effect on the marital adjustment. In addition, communication styles (interactive constructive communication) of women have significant positive effects on marital adjustment directly but avoidant style and demand/withdraw style have significant negative effects on the marital adjustment. Family counselors can actively involve themselves in instructing the mutual interactive constructive styles and try to reduce the effects of the external self-worth on the marital adjustment in their own treatments and interventions.

Background: Studies show that unwanted intrusive thoughts occur to most people that is a common phenomenon in itself. Trying to control the intrusive thoughts and misinterpretations of thoughts that gives the pathological aspects to common thought.Objective: The aim of the current study was to predict OCD on the basis of metacognitive beliefs' and thought control strategies' variables.Method: A sample of 433 Oshnaviyeh citizens (176 women and 257 men) were conveniently selected and answered Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis.Result: Results indicated that metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies were positively correlated with obsessive- compulsive symptoms. Among the subscales, uncontrollability and danger, punishment, worry and cognitive confidence were the best predictors of obsessive symptoms. Conclusion: Result of this study emphasizing the role of metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in obsessive compulsive symptoms, can justify the change and modify maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and control strategies in order to control the disorder symptoms.

Introduction: Empathy and emotional intelligence are great valued human characteristics which presence of those in individuals, and that absence in of psychopathologies, has attracted a major deal of research interest. The study of aversive personality traits has received great interest in the past decade, particularly the non-clinical traits of psychopathic. The aim of this study was to investigate the impairments of empathy and emotional intelligence in non-clinical psychopathy.Methods: This study was cross-sectional. The population was the entire student of Allameh Tabataba’i University and University of Tehran. The sample was 565 students who were selected by multiple cluster sampling. The instruments utilized in this study included the questionnaires of emotional empathy scale, emotional intelligence scale and self reported psychopathy. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results: Results showed that there was significant internal correlation among empathy, emotional intelligence impairments and non-clinical psychopathy (p<0.01). Also, stepwise regression analysis indicated that empathy and emotional intelligence impairments significantly predicted, respectively, 31% and 20% of the variance of non-clinical psychopathy (p<0.01).Conclusion: Empathy and emotional intelligence deficits can explain part of the variance in non-clinical psychopathy. In addition, will discuss the present study's theoretical and empirical implication.

Introduction: Teachers face several problems (voluminous work, students' academic decline, inadequate wages and benefits) due to the nature of their job that all of these problems are effective on their health and continuing of these injuring problems raise their susceptibility and ultimately may lead to disease and reduced life expectancy among people. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group Logo therapy on life expectancy in high school teachers of Miyaneh city in the educational year of 2011- 2012.Materials and Methods: In this study, the method of semi-experimental and the design of pre-test and post-test and follow-up with group control is used. For this purpose, of the statistical population that including 200 members of teachers, 60 individuals were selected through accessible method and of these, 30 people were place in the experimental group and 30 people in the control group. The method of group logo therapy was performed for 8 sessions, two sessions per week for the experimental group and the control group received no training. All the subjects completed Miler's life expectancy scale before the start of training and after that. The next step, in order to measure survival training after 1 month, follow-up test of life expectancy was performed. To analyze the data, SPANOVA was used.Results: The results of ANOVA showed that life expectancy in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p <0.05) and life expectancy in post-test is higher than the pre-test and follow up and in the follow-up period is higher than the pre-test (p<0.001).Conclusion: In general, it could be said that group logo therapy could be used as an independent method or in conjunction with other therapies to increase life expectancy.

Introduction: Chronic renal disease is highly associated with reduced quality of life and hope has an important role in improving the quality of life of dialysis patients.Purpose: The study aimed to examine the mediating role of hope on the relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients.Method: In a correlative study, 100 dialysis patients from Qom hospitals were selected by cluster random sampling and participants completed quality of life, Snyder hope scale and NEO personality inventory. Data were analyzed by using a Structural Equation Modeling. Results: The structural equation model revealed that hope has mediating role in relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients. This means that neuroticism has negative indirect effect and extraversion has positive indirect effect due to hope on quality of life.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, neuroticism and extraversion factors play an important role in the hope and quality of life for dialysis patients.

Background: Epilepsy is relatively a common neurological disease in childhood. This disorder affects the ability of the children, their performance and their mental health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness of attributive retraining on epileptic children’s mental health. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study a pre-test post-test design with control group was used. From the statistical population of Iran epilepsy association, 30 epileptic children [17 boys and 13 girls] were selected by accessible sampling and were divided in experimental and control group. General health questionnaire [Goldberg and Hiller, 1979] was used in this study. Experimental group were trained during 11 sessions [each session was 45 minutes and two sessions in each week] then the results were analyzed by Multi variable covariance analysis.Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, disorder in social function, depression was reduced significantly [p>0.01] after attribution retraining intervention in comparison with control group. Discussion: It can be concluded that attributive retraining can increase epileptic children’s mental health and it seems that it would be an appropriate intervention for increasing epileptic children’s mental health.