Journal of Monetary and Banking Research
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:28 |Papers Count:6

This study aims to investigate the effect of sanctions on the banking system and its impact on the profitability of 22 Iranian Banks during years 2007-2014. The method of the study is feasible generalized least squares (FGLS). The result shows that the central bank and swift sanctions (directly) and blocking a large amount of oil by making stagflation situation (indirectly) has a negative impact on profitability ratios. Furthermore, banks sanctions by refusing letters of credit (LC) through banks of other countries has negative effects on both of return on assets and return on equity.

One of the main challenges of commercial banks in the recent years were the changes of interest rate and the rate of participation and exchange agreement by the central bank and incompatibility of inflation rate. The present research is about the relation between effective rates in active commercial banks of Iran with the test of “GRANJER” in the year of 1390-1394. In accordance of Islamic banking principles the interests’ rate is based on loan interest and the result of research shows the effective rate of loan interest in Iran banking system which is influenced by the effective rate of interest that is similar to the banking principles. Also it is based on the results that have not meaningful coherence between loan interests with approval rates of the central bank. On the other hand it can be stated that in the banking industry of Iran there is a strong reasonable relation from the interests’ rate. This result from the sight baking which based on supply sources from interests and its spend with cost money of interest rate in addition to banking profit, is rightly expected.

In this study we have introduced new time series measures of macroeconomic uncertainty for Iran's economy. We attempt to provide superior econometric estimates of macro uncertainty and consider its dynamics during 1370-1393. This measure is extracted as a common latent stochastic process from many series, sectors, and markets at the same time, and then its robustness has been evaluated. Dynamics of macro uncertainty reflect the most important economic episodes of the Iran's economy. According to the baseline estimates, macro uncertainty has striking rise during the 1370-1372, 1373-1374 and 1390-1392 recession periods, so that the baseline estimate reaches its highest level in spring 1372, spring 1374 and fall 1391. Furthermore, it turns out that, among the dataset, real exchange rate and government expenditure uncertainties are highly correlated with macro uncertainty. Thus, these uncertainties played a crucial role in shaping macro uncertainty shocks in Iran.

Discretionary policies, lead to the expectations traps and multiple equilibria in economy, which could be the most important causes of persistent inflation. This study by using a micro foundation general equilibrium investigates expectations traps of discretionary monetary policy in dominant fiscal policy condition. Our calibrated model shows that the interest rate in these conditions is about 2.5 times greater than the rate of interest achieved by the assumption of independent monetary policy. This result shows the amount of effect of taking advantage of discretionary monetary policy, with the aim of achieving government budget, on increasing the equilibrium interest rate. This increase consequently raises the equilibrium inflation rate and results in persistent inflation traps in the economy. The model was also calibrated using data from Iran. The results show that equilibrium of Iran's economy will be achieved at the interest rate of 12%. In other words, in the interest rate of less than 12%, the benefit of inflation is more than the cost of inflation distortion.

A prerequisite for a healthy, stable and growing economy is transparency and discipline in economic activities and exchanges. Activity of unauthorized and unsupervised financial institutions is contrary to the transparency and monetary discipline and may have results, such as money market crisis, increase liquidity and inflation, bank failures, hazarding of deposits security, low productivity of deposits and ultimately disrupt of the economic system. Continuance of illegal banking operations after the Islamic Revolution in Iran under various criminal acts has been considered by legislators and he with the use of multiple crime and criminal intervention intends to support through monetary and banking system. In this article we seek to consider extent of efficiency of the Iranian legislative and judicial penal policy to deal with the crime of persistence of illegal banking operations. considering of regulation of unorganised Monetary market Act and Article 96 of the Fifth Development Plan Act and referring to the proceedings of the Legislative assembly in the Scope of unauthorized banking operations specified temporary criminalizations, making forgivable these offences, lack of punishment for legal persons, inefficiencies and lack of deterrent punishments for these offences, all are the most important legislator ‘s defects that have been analyzed in this paper with critical approach. Some suggestions have been provided to reform the existing laws, in the end.

Banking industry is one of the most important sectors of an economy and banks as financial institutions play a significant role in economics; hence efficiency and health of banking system is always a subject of concern. In this regard, this survey attempts to evaluate the efficiency for 25 private and state banks of the country in 2011, using bootstrap data envelopment analysis approach for 1000 resampling. Main idea of bootstrap method is to calculate sampling distribution estimator by using empirical distribution of estimations obtained from resampling. Here, the amounts for bias correction efficiency and their respected confidence intervals are here estimated by SW algorithm; using input oriented data envelopment analysis approach, with 1000 resampling and assuming constant return to scale and variable return to scale. The results show 32% of evaluated banks are technically operating with 60% of their capacity and those banks which hold a more share of assets have shown relatively higher scale and managerial efficiencies. Also, according to this research the banks which were private since establishment were averagely more efficient and state banks show the most scale and managerial inefficiencies.