Year:2000 | Volume:- | Issue:5|Papers Count:12

The aim of this research is to survey the effect of and comparison between exercise frequency on physical fitness of non. athlete girls. In this research 76 female students, who were divided in two groups. The first group exercised one day per week during a 4 month period and the other group 2 days per week for 2 months. The Subjects participated in a pre - test which consisted of muscular endurance measurement of 1 -Shoulder girdle, 2 . Abdomen muscle, agility, muscular Power and Cardio . Vascular Endurance. The Post- Test was the same as pre - test. The results of pre - test and post- test were analyzed by dependent and independent t test and Wilcox on. Results indicated that there is a significant difference between pre- test and post- test in the two -groups. Thus all the factors of physical fitness developed in group 1 and group 2. Statistical analyses showed that agility, cardio -vascular endurance and muscular power had great development in group 2, who had exercised 2 days per week. First group, who exercised 1 day per week developed in muscular endurance and it was higher than group 2. So far as the cardio - vascular endurance factor is more important in public health, issues therefore this research suggests that two days of exercise per week is more effective.

This study is a descriptive research on educational and physical records of the students involved in studying physical education for gaining B.A. degree in the universities of the country. Variables such as the wining records in sports regarding the major their study have been evaluated as well as, the total averages of their secondary school diploma, their intentional selection physical education as their major course of study, and their skills in practical exercises regarding to the main practical subjects of their studies. Among 2516 of total students (male and female) who study physical education in different faculties of physical education, 1135 students were selected randomly as the subjects (45% of the total statistical population) and a questionnaire containing 38 closed questions with 2 open questions was distributed among them. 68% of the girls accompany with 91.5% of the boys were familiar with table tennis. 44.4% of the average grade of their diploma were below 14.80.2% of the students have chose the physical education attentively.

One of the correct ways of selecting and directing the youth toward the right athletic activity is assessing their inherited physical and motor characteristics. The Scope of this study was to compare the physical characteristics (height, weight and max heart rate), physical fitness factors (max aerobic capacity, flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance and grip strength), motor fitness factors (Speed, agility and auditory response time), among 16 pairs of identical twin sisters (Experimental group), and 18 pairs of non -identical twin sisters (Control group), from the city of Rashet with an age range of 14-17 years. Both contort and experimental groups were selected randomly and non -randomly based on specific criteria such as being monozygotic (MZ) or not under the supervision of a specialist. All Variables were investigated under similar condition, using standard and common field tests. The hypothesis of this study was also investigated by using Pearson coefficient correlation, dependent and independent (t) test with (α=0/05), using Spss program.

Regarding the everyday the increase of psychological disorders in today's societies which have wretched consequences, this research tries to analyze and compare mental health of Sanadaj high schools, athletic and non-athletic male students in Sanadaj high schools. In this research, 406 boy students have been chosen by Clustering random sample, of whom 202 were non-athletic and 204 were athletic (106 person in collection courses and 98 person in single courses). For measuring students’ mental health, a general health questionnaire with 28 questions was used. Results showed great differences in athletic and non-athletic students regarding mental health, somatic symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders, social function and depression (P £ 0.05) and showed the better situation of athletic students, in all mentioned areas, in comparison with non-athletic students. Also no differences have been observed between, collection and single courses sportsman’s mental health (P£0.05). Likewise no special relation appeared between mental health and athletics’ sport precedence (P£ 0.05).

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among the faculty members of physical education departments in selected universities of Iran. To determine this relationship, 140 fulltime male and female faculty members of physical education departments participated in this exposit - facto study. Statistical analysis revealed selling and participating leadership styles are the more dominant and effective leader behavior in the population under study. Results also showed there is a positive and significant relationship between selling and participating leadership styles with job satisfaction, while the relationship between telling and delegating leader behavior with job satisfaction is low, negative and ineffective in the population under study.

Elderly persons represent the fastest growing segment of the western and industrial populations. The average life expectancy for men and women is rapidly approaching 80 years. By the year 2020, about 20% of these populations will be over 65 years of age and millions of people will be 100 years of age or older. Physiologic and performance capability of the body generally declines after approximately 30 years of age. The rates of decline in various functions differ and are significantly influenced by many factors, including the level of physical activity. Regular physical training enables older persons to retain a higher level of functional capacity especially cardiovascular function. Beginning an active lifestyle could significantly reduce mortality from ailments; the greatest benefits would be from strategies that get the population's most sedentary men and women in to just light to moderate patterns of regular activity. Behavioral changes such as becoming more physically active, quitting cigarette smoking and controlling blood pressure act independently to delay all-cause of mortality and extend life.

Twenty subjects were sampled non-randomly for determination of the effect of selected aerobic training on body composition and aerobic power. Subjects were students of Teacher Education College that were divided with a simple randomize method to two equal experimental and control groups. The subjects of the experimental group engaged in selected exercises. The exercises included running with 60 to 80 percent of maximal heart rate intensity. Duration of the activity was 20 minutes with 10 minutes for warm-up and 10 minutes for cool-down. The number of session were 3 to 5 per week, for 6 weeks. Results showed that percent of fat-in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05) and their aerobic power was greater, (P<0.05). However most of the subjects of experimental group showed a decrease in body weight (mean 1.2 Kg), body fat weight (mean 2.04 Kg), and an increase in the lean body weight (mean 1.5 Kg). This changes were not significant (P<0.05). Significant and negative relationship was found between body fat percentage and aerobic power.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin which is associated with cardiovascular weakness, movement limitation and pain in affected joints. Researches has shown that traditional medical treatment alone does not stop or decrease the process of disease. This study searches to find a method that not only controls the process of the disease but also relieves the pain and inflammation in affected joints and improves concurrently physical and cardiovascular fitness of patient to its maximum potential. Subject patients (14 m, 25± 5 yr) were divided into two groups. For group one traditional medical treatment was administered, While group two underwent insane therapy, magnotherapy, aerobic exercise, PNF exercise and thermotherapy. Assessment methods were Patient history, biomechanics for ROM measurement (Schober test), Anthropometrics (goniometre measuring spine hyperextension), Tomakidi test (measuring VO2 max) Spirometer (Pulmonary capacity). Results indicate a notable increase in aerobic power (Up to 45.6 met), movement ability and flexibility in sacroiliac and spine thoracic joints, and an increase in pulmonary volume up to 78% . In most cases the pain was completely relieved. Consequently it can be stated that through the proposed method of treatment patients could regain their physical and movement abilities and resume their professions.