BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:6

On December 20, 2010, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.5 has been occurred in south-east of Rigan in south of Kerman province. The second strong event was happened 37 days after the first event on January 27, 2011 with a moment magnitude of 6.2 in south-west of the first event. Previous studies indicated that the occurrence of an earthquake can change the distributed stress in surrounding region and caused triggering other events. We have calculated the coulomb stress changes due to the first earthquake in the hypocenter of the second earthquake in order to investigate the effect of first event on the second event. This study showed that the stress has increased about 2.8 bar (0.28 MPa) in the hypocenter of the second earthquake. Right-lateral displacement on the causative fault of the first event based on the tectonic and stress pattern of the region can be a cause of left-lateral displacement on the second event causative fault. Besides, in order to investigate the effect of the stress change on aftershocks distribution, we have calculated the coulomb stress changes due to these events on optimally oriented faults. Our calculations showed that more than 70 percent of these aftershocks distributed in places where the coulomb stress changes have been increased and have a positive amount. Coulomb stress changes due to these earthquakes on the surrounding right-lateral faults have been calculated and showed that the stress has been decreased on the central and north-west parts of bam fault and has been increased in the south-east part of this fault.

There are various empirical and intelligent methods to evaluate the liquefaction potential. Although the artificial neural network (ANN) method is one of the most powerful methods that is introduced in liquefaction assessment recently, a new hybrid intelligent system of fuzzy c-means clustering and artificial neural network (FCM-ANN) is examined in this article to overcome the complexity of soil behavior...

Extensive areas of the earth are covered by unsaturated soils. Besides, construction of fills, embankments and earth dams are related to compacted soils, which are a very widespread class of unsaturated soils, and there are many geotechnical problems with these soils. The unsaturated soil is assumed to be a three-phase porous media with a solid phase and two fluid phases, water and air. Therefore, considerable attempts have been made to explain or to predict shear strength and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils in terms of effective stress...

Building structures damaged by a seismic event may be exposed to the risk of aftershocks or another event within a certain period. Major earthquakes that are considered as ‘main shocks’ are typically followed by smaller earthquakes known as ‘aftershocks’, which originate at or near the rupture zone of the larger earthquake. In order to gain insight into steel frame building behavior under main shock - aftershock events, it is required to simulate the building subjected to possible seismic hazards considering beam to column connections.

During decades, engineers have tried to build safer and more economic structures. Since establishing primary structural design codes, it has been presumed that “strength” of a structure is synonymous to its “performance”. However, during many years by studying various structural damages occurring during strong ground motion earthquakes, it is obvious today that increasing strength of a building may not result in safer or stronger structure with better performance [1]. Park and Paulay [2] stated that the distribution of strength through a building is more important than the design base shear itself. As they stated, in order to achieve a better structural performance, two important issues should be devised. First, structures should be designed such that plastic hinge formation during nonlinear behavior of the building would occur in all beams before columns. In other words, weak beam/strong column mechanism should be assured. Second, high shear capacity of elements should be supplied to ensure the prevention of brittle failure of main structural elements.

This paper by presenting the guiding principle of disaster risk reduction, the key concepts of Islamic teaching, and the views of Islam on disaster and earthquake in particular; intends to correlate between them with the objective of developing an effective disaster risk awareness and preparedness, especially among a religious community, toward risk reduction and safety. The paper also tries to clear the existing misconception of assuming that disasters are due to God’s anger, etc. in order to increase people's understanding of and knowledge about disaster-related issues; as a necessary step in the process of disaster risk reduction and improving safety and development...