Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:11|Papers Count:13

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic and anaerobic training on a number of cardiovascular risk factors of male students at Shahid Chamran University. Study groups consisted of 36 volunteers aged 20-30 years from different colleges, who were randomly divided in control, aerobic and anaerobic groups.Cardiovascular risk factors such as C-T, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL:-C, TG, RP, BMI, fat percent, BP1 and BP2 were measured in all samples during pre-test. Then, the aerobic and anaerobic groups took part in 8 weeks predetermined physical programs, while the members of the control group were asked not to take part in any kind of physical training programs during this period. All of the samples used regular university's self-service food program. After 8 weeks, research variables were again measured as post-test. Descriptive statistic, MAOVA, and Tucky test at the significant level of P≥0/05 were used to test the hypotheses. The findings were as follows:There was a significant reduction in c- T of both aerobic and anaerobic groups (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic groups. The amount of HDL-C was significantly increased in aerobic and anaerobic groups. The amount of VLDL-C, LDL, C and TG had not significantly changed after 8 weeks of training. Although, this level in aerobic and anaerobic groups (special in aerobic group) were reduced, not the finding was non-significant. There was significant reduction in RF of both aerobic and anaerobic groups (P<0.0001) and between the two training groups, effect of aerobic training on RP, was significantly greater than that of anaerobic training. Both of systolic and diastolic blood Pressure was significantly reduced in aerobic and anaerobic groups (α=0.05), but there was no significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic groups. There was a significant reduction in percentage off at of both aerobic and anaerobic groups (P<0.001) and there was no significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic groups.In general the results of this study revealed a number of cardiovascular Fisk factors can positively be changed during 8 weeks of both aerobic and an aerobic training. Therefore, it is claimed that participating in regular physical activities, especially aerobic training could result in reduction, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

The Purpose of this study was to determine why high school girls do not participate in physical activities during their leisure time. For this purpose, 354 students were selected and after distribution of questionnaires, 264 were evaluated. The major reasons cited for not participating in leisure time sports activities are as follows: The Shortage of necessary space and facilities (87.69), the indifference of authorities (84.15), unsuitability of activity time and complexes (81.58), lack of free time (69.06), the cost of taking part in over-time activity (67.3), trainers being non-specialized (64.4), nuisances from within the community (59.92), little knowledge in the field of sport (55.51), uninterested in sports (53.1), parents" disagreement (43.82).

A series of exercises was performed for imagination, progressive muscular relaxation and respiratory training, which is a somatic form of stress control for muscular endurance, motor agility, balance and reaction time, coordination of hands and for studying of methods of utilizing progressive Relaxation Training (PRT) in order to enhance the psychosomatic readiness of athletes. This was done through selection of 60 students of Urumieh University, randomly grouped in two groups, the test group and control group (30 students per groups). Data acquisition tools were a changed form of stress - meter questionnaire (Hieska and Alexander), primary and final tests of muscular endurance and motor agility, Nelson's Balance Test and self-test statements of the students about tension and relaxation. Data showed that stress and mental tension levels in the test groups students after the PRT program decreased38% relative to primary tests. It was meaningful at the P = 0.05 level, while in the control student group (no PRT program) did not show any significant decrease in these factors. Hands reaction time results showed that the PRT students had significant difference between primary and final tests (P=0.01). This difference was not significant when compared between control and test groups. There was no observed a meaningful difference in left and right leg balance between two groups. For muscular tension regarding the PRT's muscular tension release program, findings showed meaningful differences between two groups (P=0.05).

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of and compare two interval weight training programs with two different recovery times (Long-term and short-term) on some muscular functions (anaerobic power, force, strength and endurance) in high school students of Esfahan who were randomly assigned to either long-term or short-term interval weight training group, respectively. Before and after 12 weeks of training, the subjects were tested by a series of specific experiments. The subjects in each groups carried out the same special interval weight-training program (Delorm-Watkins method), three times a week for 12 weeks. However, the recovery periods between sets of training were different. Group 1 and Group 2 experienced 160 second and 40 seconds rest between sets of training respectively. The pretest post-test difference analyses for dependent variables indicated significant improvement in muscular force and anaerobic power of legs and muscular force of dominant leg in Group 1 (long rest) (P<0.05). Significant improvement for muscular force of dominant arm, muscular strength and endurance of arms and legs in two groups was also found. The results showed greater improvement for subjects in Group 1 (long rest) compared to subjects in Group 2 (short test).

Identifying behavioral patterns and their relationship with the organizational effectiveness and efficiency and effective personnel management has been one of the key points in management. The present study attempts to examine to what extent biographical factors, such as age, managerial experience, academic degrees, specific management courses, influence decisions made by school deans or heads of PE departments. To this end, a questionnaire was prepared based on Leader Behavior Analysis (LBA). Out of 100 questionnaires distributed among deans and heads of department of PE in Iranian universities, only 59 were completed. After collecting the data and preparing distribution frequency tables, the results obtained were compared and contrasted with LBA norms using Chi-square and co-efficient correlations. The results indicate that the effectiveness scores were lower than those of flexibility style. In determining behavioral styles, the main focus of attitudes testing was on selling and participating styles. These styles were the domineering and first management styles. The supportive and developmental styles were chosen as participating and delegating styles, respectively. The effects of the four biographical factors on the effectiveness of the management styles of testing sample at a = 0.05 and certain degrees of freedom were meaningful.

45 subjects, pulmonary patients who are victims of chemical warfare, were selected during the period of 2000-2001 for study. By applying the spirometeric indices including force expiratory volume first (FEVl) and forced vital capacity (FVC), physical tolerance of the subjects to activity though six minute walking test changes were measured and tested. The subjects were placed in three groups: 1. Swimming group 2. Running group 3. Control group. Each group consisted of 15 subjects (Chemical warfare injured) who proved to be qualified for the research. Each group undertook specific swimming and running exercises independently. Statistical methods applied include: data analysis, descriptive statistics, T Test and variance analysis of multiple variables. By applying the principle of overload, the swimming and running groups were made to do the exercises at the highest degree. The results, based on P<0.001, shows there was a significant difference in the FEV1 of the lungs swimming and running groups. Concerning physical tolerance to exercises, there is also a significant difference between the two groups (running and swimming) on the one side, and the control group on the other side.

The main goal of this research was to determine effects of a submaxiamal aerobic exercise on rate of changes of ferritin, iron and TIBC blood plasma in young patients with Talassemia Major. Standard Balke test was used on a treadmill that consisted of 25 stages and in order to be aware of risks involved during exercise, electrocardiogram leads were placed on subjects. Blood samples were collected and analyzed in three stages, before, immediately after and 36 hours after test. Ten patients with Thalassemia Major were selected randomly and tested. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as paired T- Test and Multi-regression. The results indicate: 1) the amount of ferritin decreased significantly during exercise compared with rest stage. 2) The amount of ferritin in recovery period increased compared with exercise stage. 3) Iron and TIBC were not changed in either exercise or rest stage. 4) There was a positive correlation between ferritin, iron and TIBC recovery (r=0.74). 5) Ferritin decreased below 65% HRR, but increased above this level.

The propose of this study was to collect descriptions using the Deify Method and appoint the degree of criteria importance from subjects in the field of free-style and Greco-Roman Wrestling. Subjects in this study were coaches (20) and Wrestlers (30) of national teams. The Dlfy Method classifies national coaches selection criteria In 8 dimensions: social, athletic, characteristic-Perceptual, scientific - speciality, Personal, Management skills, Sentimental-human and business antecedent of Speciality. Each of these Dimension had numerous subgroups. The degree of importance of fundamental dimensions was specified with researcher-prepared questionnaire. Importance conclusions of this study were as follows: Between coaches and wrestlers there was a significant difference in grading of coaching dimension. Grading of coaching dimension by all subjects was as follows: Characteristic - perceptual, specialty, social, specialty, sentimental - Human skills, management skills, scientific – specialty, athletic specialty, business antecedent of specialty and individual specialty.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a selected plyometric training program on the functional and structural changes in the heart after explosive exercise which is combined with a regular program in soccer. Thirty male college students, who voluntarily participated in this study, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The training program consisted of a selected plyometric exercise 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Some heart characteristics were obtained and measured by using a non-invasive echocadiogram (one, two, dimensions). A significant increase was observed in the intercepted wall diameter (IVSS, and IVSD) and the posterior wall thickness of the left ventricle of in systole and diastole (PWS and PWD) (P<0.05, P<0.01), (P<0.03 and P<0.002) in experimental group when compared with control group. In addition, and increase was also observed in some functional variables such as percentage of ejection fraction (%EF) (P<0.01) and the ratio of myocardial fiber shortening (FS, P<0.02) in experimental group when compared to control group. The finding of the present study suggests the hearts hypertrophy in soccer players will improve multilaterally which is the dependant and dominant metabolic system (anaerobic system by 80% and aerobic system 20%).