DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2000 | Volume:8 | Issue:29 (Special Edition on Medical Sciences Articles)|Papers Count:16

In general the necessity of the treatment of addiction has been accepted. In this research' possibility of physiologic treatment were evaluated. After pilot study, 60 rats were addicted to morphin by subcutaneous injection. Twelve sings of withdrawal syndrome were studied after Naloxone injection (i.p.). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and intermittent cold water stress (ICWS) had the significant effect to decrease all the signs (p<0.05). TENS and ICWS were equal to metadons treatment in decreasing some of the signs. In decreasing jumping sing TENS were found to be more effective than methadone treatment in contrast to ptosis, that ICWS were better. Except 3 signs of the whole of withdrawal syndrome signs, TENS was more effective than ICWS.      

Indirect immunofluorescence test for rapid diagnosis of adenovius diarrhea was developed. Adenovims type 5 was grown and purified by ultracentlifuge on caesium chloride gradient. Purified virus particles were observed by electron microscope. Purified viruses and lysate of infected cell cultures were used separately for immunization of laboratory rabbits. Neutralization test, was used to determine the possible presence of anti -adenovirus antibody in the sera of rabbit. immunofluorescence test with these sera was able to detect adenovims type 5,40 and 41 in Cell cultures. This test may be used for rapid diagnosis of adenovims diarrhea.      

Early diagnosis of hypertension is very important for its adverse effects. It has been demonstrated that hypertension beings by the early years of life. In contrast to adults, there is no fix number for definition of hypertension in childhood and systemic Blood pressure increases by age, therefore, checking blood pressure during childhood could be considered as a medical care. Pressure that is consistently above the 95th percentile for age is abnormal. In this study, in order to find out the definition of normal levels of Blood pressure in childhood in Tehran, 2000 students (7-11 years) were examined. Their pulses and Blood pressures for 5, 50 and 95 percentile in different ages were recorded. Finally, The 95 percentile were compared with previous studies and also reference book) Instead of girls aged between 10-11 years who showed a greater diastolic Blood pressure comparing with references no other significant differences were found.      

Building technique model was used for the prediction of the risk of unmanted pregnancy. The study was performed on 3028 women attended in the prenatal care unit in 10 hospitals in Tehran. This study suggests that the following items can highly predict the risk of unwanted pregnancy: Number of deliveries, abortions, daughters; husband's income; history of unwanted pregnancy; familiarity with contraceptive methods such as pills; usage of condom, natural and rhythmic methods; awareness of ovulation time; physician ability to prescribe contraception; husband's cooperation to use contraception and thinking about abortion.      

Most of septicaemias begin with invasion of transcutaneous insersion tract by microorganisms from the patient skin flora. Disinfection of insertion site with chemical antiseptics such as ethanol, Betadine, Cetrimide - chlorhexidine gluconate is regarded as one the most Important measures for prevention of intravascular device related infection especially in NICU, ICU and immunocompromised patient. Phlebitis, local abscess, bacteremia, osteomy elitis, arthritis and endocarditis are the most common serious complication of improper use of antiseptics. To asses the efficacy of three cutaneous antiseptics, Ceuimide-c, 10% Betadine and 96% Ethyl alcohol, Phenol coefficient of them against S.aureus (PTCC 1113), E.coli (PTCC 1338) and K.pneumoniae (PTCC 1053) were determined by AOAC methods. Phenol coefficient of Cetrimide-C were 66,47,51 on S,aureus, E.coli and K.pneumoniae respectively. Phenol coefficients of 10% Betadine were 30,16 and 12 and Phenol Coefficients of Ethyl alcohol were 0.04, 0.03 and 0.03. There were a significant differences among Cetrimide-C, 10% Betadine and Ethyl alcohol (P=0.00). Our finding suggests that Cetrimide-c and Betadine should be considered as a, first-line antiseptics against 3 bacterial strains. We also encourage other investigators to examine these common antiseptics in clinical trials studies.      

Having a healthy and hygienic atmosphere not only provide an environmental health situation' it can also lead appropriate pattern for students. In this research 101 qualified schools in 19 districts of educational departments. Based on informatic methods were selected. After visiting the sanitary services in the schools, researcher, completed the relevant data sheets and ranked each of them before clarifying the hygienic status of individual services. General status of sanitary services in the pre-selected school5 was determined and its relation with type of school, building ownership and presence of sanitary supervisor was studied, using descriptive analytical figure. The results showed significant differences among parameters such a.5districits, type of building ownership, presence of sanitary supervisor and environmental Health situation According to these data supervision and improvement of sanitary condition5 are quiet necessary.      

Preeclampsia is one of the main complications during pregnancy, and one of three major factors in maternal Mortality. Prevention of disease will provide better out come for both mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to compare mean arterial pressure (MAP) with urinary calcium creatinine Ratio (Ca/Cr) in the early prediction of preeclampsia. Three hundreds healthy nulliparas at 14-28 weeks of gestation were selected. Urinary Ca/Cr Ratio in normal pregnancy and preeclamptics was 0.19±0.12 (n=282); and 0.18±0.11 (n=15) respectively, which shows no significant difference. MAP in normal pregnancy and preeclamptics was 81.89±6.99 mmHg and 89.44±8.11 mmHg respectively, Showing a significant difference (P=0.000). ROC curve showed, MAP≥86.67 mmHg has a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 71%, PPV of 12% and NPV of 98%, MAP is a good indicator for prediction of preeclampsia.      

In the present survey, to determine the prevalence and category of pica during pregnancy, and association of pica with maternal hemoglobin levels, 315 pregnant women from 10 prenatal care clinics were selected randomly. The required data was collected using a questionnaire. The correlation between pica and hemoglobin levels was determined by SPSS software. Our results showed that prevalence of pica was 25.1%. Pica prevalence categorized by substance was as follows: clay, 15, 4%; rice, 24.4%; ice, 21.8; other substances such as starch, coal. The x2 test showed a correlation between the pica practices of pregnant women. With maternal hemoglobin levels (P=0.0003). The clay pica group had the highest prevalence of anemia during pregnancy, (47%). The X2 test showed a correlation between the pica prevalence category of pregnant women with maternal hemoglobin levels (P=0.0004).      

This study was designed to identify the continues use of (DMPA) as a contraceptive method and conducted in 58 health centers in shahrood villages. The study was domeon women who used DMPA as a contraception at least one time from 1994 to 1997. The information including: demographic characteristic (age, education & occupation of both wife and their husbands), parity, history of abortion, sex of children, complications of DMPA and the reasons of using method was collected by health workers (Behaverrs). The results showed that 30.3% of women continuously used the method for one year or more. Amenorrea was the most common complication but it was tolerated more than other complications by users. Despite of Amenorrea 36.5% of women used the method continuously for more than one year. The other factors such as: age, parity, occupation, behvars' idea have not any effect on the encouraging of the continues use of DMPA. A significant correlation was found between high efficacy of the method and the continuing DMPA for more than one years. In conclusion, these results suggest that women in shahrood's villages should be educated about the DMPA method.      

The objective of this study was the evaluation of the nutritional status of school age children at 6-11 years in Babol. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 995 students from primary schools using cluster sampling technique in 1998. Height and weight were measured for each student. The nutritional status was assessed based on Gomez (weight for age), McLaren-Reed (weight to height for age) and Waterlo (height for age) stratifications. Bayed on the Gomez method, the results showed that 40.3% of boys and 40/9% of girls were suffered, from different degrees of malnutrition. The results of McLaren-Reed method showed that 34.8% of boys and 32.8% girls were suffered, from acute malnutrion. Based on the Waterlo criteria, 25.5% of boys and 23.8% of girly were involved to the past malnutrition. From each method, the lowest and the highest prevalence of malnutrition were observed at age of 6 and 11 years respectively and this rate was increased significantly by increasing the age (p<00.1), However no significant difference was seen between boys and girls. The results indicated that the present and the past nutritional status of over 40% of students were not satisfied and they were suffering, from various degrees of acute and chronic malnutrition; in addition 1/3 (with 95% confidence interval 30%-36%) of children were estimated with acute malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the economic conditions of the families with systematic planning and cooperation between various organizations to perform the health education programs to promote nutritional status.    

Intestinal Parasitic diseases are the most common disease in children. In our country the prevalence of this disease is rather high due to poor individual and social hygiene. Diseases such as Giardiasis, Amebiasis, Ascariasis affect many children annually and cause growth retardation, weight loss and clinical symptoms. Parent education is one of the most effective methods to prevent these diseases. A descriptive analytical study on Healthy city in southeastern of Tehran was carried out and 310 Mothers in ten lanes were selected randomly. The results showed that 96% of mothers were housewives and 21% of mothers were illiterate. In this KAP Knowledge and attitude of mothers were intermediate (mean 41, 46). Practice of mothers about Intestinal parasitic Infections of their children was fairly good (mean 68). It is suggested that by education and attitude of mothers is possible to prevent disease.      

In this study an attempt has been made to demonstrate epidemiology of the diseases in children under one year age in Tehran city. For this purpose in a prospective, cohort, study all of the lived births (sample size -6267 newborns) which delivered through 15 days in Tehran city hospitals followed till end of first year, in four section included: 1, 3, 6, 12th. months. Information about morbidity and mortality obtained and classified based on the type of the disease as mentioned in I.C.D. classification. Results: At the end of one year follow up of 6267 infants, 5382 cases of disease were recorded. The most frequencies were Cardiopulmonary (52.3%) and Gastrointestinal (26.6%) diseased with prevalence ratio of: (44.9%) and (22.9%). The same ratio for other diseases was below ten percent. Upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhea were found to be the main portion of these diseases. We divided the duration of one year into four stages, included: below one month, 1-3, 3-6, 6-12 month. The most prevalence of the diseases was seen at the age of 6-12 months, (30.5%). The lowest frequencies of infant diseases have been seen in the range of 19-35 years of maternal age (15.3%) as compared with more than 35yr (35.4%) and less than 19yr (49.3%). Through one year follow up, mortality ratio was 32/1000 lived birth (198 death). The most common causes of death were cardiopulmonmy (38%), infections (21%) and gaatrointestinal (18%) diseases. Conclusion: In support of prospects and priorities of Ministry of Health and based on results of this research, it seems that G.I. and Pulmonary diseases are the main problems. Therefore, more attention and further study are suggested.