KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2004 | Volume:9 | Issue:Part 2|Papers Count:16

Objective. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces a number of toxins which can cause various diseases. Staphylococcal entertoxins (SEs) include of nine different serological type of toxins. Some are heat stable enterotoxins and some cause gastroenteritis after consumption of contaminated food. The most important enterotoxin serotypes ate A and B because they are heat stable and lead to gastroenteroenteritis. In addition, SEs B may be transmited via both oral and aspirational. Materials and Methods. In this research we used dialysis bag culture methods for toxin production. Toxin was percipitated by amonium sulfate. The reaction between toxin and antitoxin was studied by SRTD. Conclusion. The biological effect of the toxins was evaluated. Treatment of kittens with sub lethal does of the toxin.

Objective. Opioids including morphine appear to interact with identical brain reward mechanisms. Morphine-induced place conditioning is a simple learning paradigm. Amygdala has been shown to influence learning processes. The central nucleus of amygdala is also implicated in morphine-induced properties. Nitric oxide (NO) which is formed enzymatically from larginine by NO synthase (NOS), as a neuronal transmitter, is involved in the cellular events that may underlie the processes of learning and memory. In this research the effects of intra-central amygdala injections of NO agents (L-arginine, a prpcursor of NO , and L-NAME, a non-selective inhibitor of NOS) on morphine-induced place conditioning in male Wistar rats have been investigated. Materials and Methods. Animals (255-275g) were implanted with two connulae at the desired coordinates. Eigth animals were used in each experiment. Each animal was conditioned to morphine (0. 0/5-7.5 mg/kg) using a three-day schedule of an unbiased conditioning design. To survey the effects of NO agents on morphine-induced place conditioning, the agents at 0.3-3 ,mg/rat were injected directly into the central amygdala both repeatedly (once per day, during conditioning, prior to morphine injections) and once on the day of testing. Results. Results showed that only morphine induced a signifiant place conditioning in experimented animals. The maximum response was induced by 5 mgikg of the Qpioid. Administration of morphine (5 mgikg) together with L-arginine both during conditioning and prior to testing of morphine-induced place conditioning increased both the acquisition and expression of the response to morphine. These responses were blocked when L-NAME (0/3-3 ,mg/rat) was administered prior to the injection of the effective dose of L-arginine, while L-NAME by itself showed no significant effect on the response to morphine in these processes. Conclusion. These results show that NO system in the central nucleus of the rat amygdala has an influence on morphine-induced p!ace conditioning.

Objective . In this study the role of prostaglandins and adenosine receptors (A1/A2) on knee joint diameter and blood flow to saphenous nerve stimulation were investigated in chronically inflamed rats. Materials and Methods . Inflammation was induced byintraarticular injection of 0.2 ml FCA and 3,7,14,21 days postinjection, knee joint diameter and blood flow changes to proximally cut saphenous nerve stimulation were assessed using micrometer and laser Doppler flowmeter, respectively. In inflamed groups receiving indomethacin (PGs inhibitor" 3mg/kg,i.p. daily) and theophylline (A1/A2-antagonist, 50mg/kg, i.p every 12 hours) these two variables were measured too. Results. Knee joint diameter measurements enhances significantly during inflammatIon (at 3-14 days) and theophylline (50 mg/kg,i.p, A1/A2- antagonist) decreased it on day 14th (18.1±3.6 v.s 7.9±1.9) but indomethacin (3 mg/kg,i.p, daily) was ineffective on it during 3 weeks. The response of articular microvasculature to nerve stimulation in normal and inflamed joints show that the constricting response to nerve stimulation was reduced significantly in inflamed group at 7,14 days especially on day 14th (-57.3±6.7 v.s -6.7±6.5) and indomethacin (3 mg /kg, i.p) enhanced constricting response 3,14 days after inflammation induction, however theophylline (50 mg/kg,i.p) reduced constricting response to nerve stimulation at 3,7 days. Conclusion . Therefore chronic inflammation has reduced constricting response of knee joint blood vessels to saphenous nerve stimulation and prostaglandins and adenosine receptors play a role in this modulation.

Objective. Previous studies indicate that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) probably is involved in emotional learning and modulation of spatial memory. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of BLA in hippocampal dependent spatial memory in dark and light conditions in rotating arena in place avoidance learning (PAL) tasks. Materials and Methods. Male Long-Evans strain rats (280-320 gr) used in this study (n=12 in 12 groups). At the first implanted guide cannulae bilaterally aimed at the BLA were placed. One week later they trained to PAL in rotating arena. Bilateral injections of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (5ng/O.6ul/side) or saline were used to the BLA 60 min before, immediately after training and 60 min before retrieval test. Spatial memory were assessed during a 30-min extinction trial 24 h later by two criteria: 1) The time to the first entry and 2) The number of entrances into the punished sector. Results. The results indicated that injection of TTX impaired acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of spatial memory in dark and light area significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion. Findings indicated that BLA have important role in aquisition, consolidation and retrieval of hippocampal dependent spatial memory in dark and light space and rotating arena of PAL.

Objective. In the mice, rate of fertilization and development are important in oocyte matured and a closer imitation of in-vivo conditions during oocyte maturation might be beneficial. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether lmmature mouse oocytes can be matured in-vitro in 20% heated and non-heated human follicular fluid and transferrin and insulin affected follicular fluid on oocyte maturation and development. Materials and Methods. Immature oocytes were isolated mechanically from 4-6 weeks old NMRI mice ovaries. Oocytes washed and transferred to the drops of medium in following experiment groups for 24 hours: Group I: 207 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% heated human follicular fluid (hHFF). Group II: 189 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% Non-heated Human follicular fluid (NhHFF). Group III: 242 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% hHFF, 5mg/ml Insulin and 10mg/ml transferrin. Group IV: 175 immature oocytes cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% NhHFF. 5mg/ml lnsulin and 10mg/ml transferrin. Results. The overall maturation was significantly higher for oocytes in group III (610/5%) that other groups. The maturation rates were: 610/5% (group III), 41% (group I), 27/4% (group IV) and 10/6% (group II) respectively. The 2-cell formation embryo rates were 56% (group III), 16/7% (group IV). 15/5% (group I) and 5% (group II). Conclusion. The results demonstrate that (1) mouse immature oocytes can be matured during culture in above medium containing 20% hHFF, NhHFF, Insulin and transferrin (2), maturating and development was higher in presente of 20% hHFF, transferrin and Insulin, (3) the higher regulation of meiotic resumption during in-vitro culture of mouse oocytes might be related to the presence of Insulin and transferrin.

Introduction. Finding a good antibiotic regimen to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) depends on bacteriologic, epidemiologic and several background variables. Materials and Methods. We conducted a randomized single - blind clinical trial, in which 245 dyspeptic patients (57% male; 43% female - aging 37.07 ± 11.83), attending to Baqiyatallah Hospital, were endoscopied and entered the study if their rapid urease test or culture were positive for Helicobacter pylori and randomly underwent therapy by one of A,B,C drug regimens as follow: A: Omeprazole 20 mg I Bid, Bismuth subcitrate 120 mg II Bid, Metronidazole 250 mg II Bid and Tetracyline 250 mg II Bid. B: Omeprazole 20 mg I Bid, Bismuth subcitrate 120 mg II Bid, Furazolidone 100 mg II Bid and Tetracyline 250 mg II Bid. C: Omeprazole 20 mg I Bid, Bismuth subcitrate 120 mg II Bid and CiprofIoxacin 500 mg I Bid. Then, for evaluating eradication of H.Pylori, C-14 urea breath test was done 1-2 months after the end of therapy. Results. Out of 245 patients enrolled in the study, 228 completed a course of treatment, that successful eradication rate was 76.3%, 68.4% and 67.1 % in - groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups, using chi-square test (CI=95%, a=0.05) classifying patients according to their sex, it was noted: The success rate of regimen C was significantly less than regimen B in female patients (P < 0.05). There was also good patient compliance to regimens. Conclusion. The above drug regimens are less effective compared to others parts of the world.

Objective. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke. Anticogulation with warfarin is highly effective for reducing of stroke, but risk of bleeding is high specially among the elderly, also there is a need for frequent clinical and laboratory monitoring. Materials and Methods. In this study patients between 45-75 years with nonvalvular AF were selected in an open labeled trial in respect of ability to take warfarin with standard adjusted dose (adjusted - dose group, INR 2-3) and inability to take (fixed minidose 1.25 mg/day warfarin). The outcome was ischemic stroke, visceral or peripheral emboli, major bleeding and vascular death. During a 38 months period, from a total of 187 considered patients, 151 were selected to be studied, (72 in adjusted dose group and 79 in fixed minidose group). Mean follow up was 18.5 months. Results. Total outcome rate was 8.3% in adjusted dose group and 5.6% in fixed mindose group. The rate of major bleeding due to warfarin was significantly higher in adjusted - dose group (4.2% VS 0%, P<0.02). The rate of cardioembolic event and vascular death was 1.3% in the adjusted - dose group and 2.6% in fixed minidose group, that was not significant statistically. Conclusion. In this study, there was no significant diference between two groups rate of cardioembolic event and stroke, this suggest that fixed minidose warfarin is effective in the prevention of thromboembolic event in patients with non valvular AF and also has a lower risk of major bleeding due to warfarin.

Objective. Disability due to mustard gas emmisions arised by respiratory involvement among chemical afflicted at rate of 84% level reportedly, they treated with medications with side effects and sharp expenditures, the presents paper deals with pressure medicine (non-invassive method) on respiratory complications warfare the said patients. Material and Methoods . The current work based on semi-field experiments with crossover methodology in 30 samples in two groups through two trial and error stages and followed by pressure medicine by application of Sea-band attached to wrist. Data was collected through questionniare from S. T. George and spirometry pre-post intervention. Results. Significant conclusions are drawn as follow: 1. There was apnea background in 53.34% of subjects. 2. There was significant difference between average of apnea attacks during control stage and tests within two groups (P=0.05). 3. Significant difference between Mean of cough attack during control stage and tests within two groups (P=0.05). acupressure produced positive results in terms of respiratory symptom reduction and respiratory performance improvement according to present research findings.

Objective. Low back pain with lumbar radiculopathy is one of the most common complaints that compel people to seek medical attention. The problem is most common among 20"s and 50"s age group. Since the survey and concordance of various clinical and paraclinical findings are essential for diagnosis and localization of involved root(s). In attention to expensiveness of diagnosis procedures related to radiculopathy, it seems more researches to be necessary in this field. In this article 52 patients suffered from lumbar radiculopathy were tested. Materials and Methods. Patients include 20 Woman (38.5%) and 32 Mans (62.5%) in the range of 20 to 50 years age (median 41 years age). Clinical, EMG, MRI and intraoperative findings were compared in a binary fashion for detection of level of involved root(s). Results. Concordance rate between clinical findings and MRI with respect to diagnostic aspect of lumber radiculopatly was 84.6% that involved roots have 42.3% complete concordance and 40.4% relative concordance. while these precentages for EMG were 77% 38.4% and 32.7% respectivly. Conclusion. As a result concordance between MRI and clinical findings is enough for diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy and in area where MRI is not available; If clinical suspicious is high, concordance between clinical and EMG findings is enough to diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy.

Objective. crs, occurs between the age of thirty and sixty, is the most common constructive neuropathy in the upper extremities with five times more prevalance in females. Any agent constricting the carpal tunnel may cause the syndrome, ranging from inflammatory conditions such as rhrumatoid arthritis, gout, non-specific tenosynovittis and infections to physiologic disorders like diabetes mellitus, alchoholism and so on. Due to symptoms like hand pain, numbness hypoesthesia and weakness, interening with daily activities surgical treatment may finally be indicated. Successful surgical treatment is evaluated by it is high efficacy and it is low rate of complications and recurrence having reliable criteria for grading patients satisifaction allows an acceptable future surgeries. Materials and Methods. This semi-experimental pretest-post test study on 132 patients who had surgical release of T.C.L was performed. The simmon and levie symptom severity and functional scores obtained by patients were evaluated and statistically analysed. Results. 121 patients (91.6%) out of total 132 were between 30-60 of ages and 110 patients (83.3%) were females. All ten different factors in triple scoring (before surgery, 4 and 16 weeks post surgery) meaningfully decreased (P value:0.00). Our extra question of the end of each lost interview suggests (91.7%) of patients are willing to have their contralateral hand operated. Conclusion. A high level of satisfaction with TCL release.