IRANIAN SOUTH MEDICAL JOURNAL (ISMJ)
Year:2016 | Volume:19 | Issue:2|Papers Count:16

Background: Silver nanoparticles are small scale substance (<100 nm) used in food technology and medical industry. The data suggest that nanosilver may produce neurotoxicity by generating free radical-induced oxidative stress and by altering gene expression producing apoptosis and neurotoxicity. In this study, the apoptotic effects of Nano silver on apoptosis- related genes expression bcl-2 and bax on rat hippocampus, which is involved in memory and learning, was investigated.Materials & Methods: 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control and three groups of the treatment. The control group received saline and the treatment groups received intraperitoneal injections of silver nanoparticles at doses of 100, 200 and 400ppm. Ten days after the last injection, the hippocampal region was dissected and removed and then the expression of bcl-2 and bax genes was evaluated using semi-qualitative RT-PCR and Densitometry assay.Results: The expression of anti- apoptotic b-cl2 gene was reduced in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In comparison, the expression of pro- apoptotic bax gene was increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group. This apoptotic affects was increased at higher doses.Conclusion: The data suggest that silver nanoparticles may produce apoptosis by altering apoptosis- related genes expression, in rat brain hippocampus cells.

Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is opportunistic pathogen that in criminated in many nosocomial infections. There is an increase in the prevalence of resis tance to different classes of antibiotics in Kleb siella species. In some isolates resistance is mediated by the production of AmpC beta-lactamases. The goal of this study was the survey for AmpC b-lactamase production and characterization of antibiotic resistance profile in Iranian (Shiraz) clinical isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty-five Klebsiella oxytoca strains were isolated from patients hospitalized in Shiraz (Iran) hospitals, and subculture was performed on microbiological media including MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified based on biochemical tests embedded in the API-20E system. Standard susceptibility testing (disc diffusion) was performed according clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI, 2014) guidelines. Phenotypic detection of AmpC beta-lactamasec was performed by cefepime and cefoxitin disk test.Results: Total 35 Klebsiella oxytoca isolates were examined that among them 4 (11.4%) isolates were AmpC beta-lactamase producing. Among examined antimicrobials, imipenem (100%) and colistin (100%) were most effective drugs against isolates. Respectively, 88.6%, 88.6%, 85.7% and 85.7% isolates were resistant to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and cefepime. Strains showed the most frequent resistance to ceftazidime (20%). All AmpC beta-lactamase positive isolates were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem and colistin.Conclusion: Results of current study showed third-gerneration cephalosprins are not effective against 20% of infections caused by Klebsiella oxytoca. Resistance to two major classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides and beta-lactams) was seen among studied strains and treatment of infections causing by this isolates are major problem in future.

Background: X-ray Repair Cross Complementing group 1 (XRCC1) acts as a scaffolding protein in the converging base excision repair (BER) and single strand break repair (SSBR). XRCC1 gene polymorphisms are associated with variations in the repair efficiency which might predispose individuals to various diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and idiopathic male infertility in Guilan province.Materials and Methods: 144 patients with idiopathic infertility and 166 healthy men were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program.Results: According to the frequency of Arg/Arg in both patient and control groups was 89.58% and 87.35%, respectively and the frequency of Arg/Trp was 10.42% and 12.65%, respectively no significant difference in genotype frequencies polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg194Trp was found between each groups (P=0.66). Also there was no statistically significant difference in allelic frequencies of this polymorphism among two groups (P=0.67).Conclusion: In Conclusion, XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was unlikely a risk factor of idiopathic male infertility in this sample population. Larger population and different ethnicities-based studies are required to achieved a definitive conclusion.

Background: This study was carried out to determine the oil fatty acids from two special species of microalgae; Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp. and also Chaetoceros sp. collected from Bahmanshir River.Materials and Methods: Sampling of microalgae Chaetoceros sp. from Bahmanshir River was under taken using bottle samplers during spring season of 2013. Microalgae Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. were supplied from Shrimp Research Institute of Iran in Bushehr Province. Samples then were cultured under controlled laboratory conditions and mass culture for 100 liters was undertaken. Isolation of microalgae species from water of cultured media was carried out using filtration and centrifugation methods. The fatty acid compositions were determined by Gas – FID chromatography.Results: Results showed that regarding Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) obtained from purified culture of Chaetoceros sp., Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. the maximum amount of total fatty acids were belonged to palmitic acids (C16:0) with 15.21%, 30.1% and 25.17% of total fatty acids respectively. Analysis of Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) showed that in the Oleic acid was maximum amount of 34% in Spirulina sp. In addition the amount of MUFA in Chlorella sp. was 16.37% of total fatty acids. On the other hand the amount of palmeotic acid in purified culture of Chaetoceros sp. was 30.33% from total content of fatty acids. Analysis of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA), Linoleic acid (C18:2) (Omega 6), revealed maximum percentage in Spirulina sp. with 18.8%. Results of Alpha linoleic acid (C18:3) (Omega3) analysis showed maximum amount of 9.66% in Chlorella sp. compared to other microalgae with lower omega 3 contents. Spirulina sp. contained maximum amount of Linoleic acid (C18:2) with 18.8% of total fatty acids. Therefore, Spirulina sp. can be considered as a rich source of omega 6 for the purpose of fatty acid extractions. The presence of PUFA in Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. was equivalent whereas the amount of Omega 3 in Chlorella sp. was higher than two other species.Conclusion: Results of this study revealed a diverse profile of fatty acids among many species of phytoplanktons and microalgae. There Chlorella sp. with a good candidate and a rich source of Omega 3 future applications. It is indicated that different species have totally different fatty acid profiles. Therefore, to acquire special products for a particular target, selection of specific species is essential.

Background: Because of high consumption of nitrite in processed (fast) foods and high level of nitrite in water, soil and ecosystem, nitrite can endanger humans health. In this study the effects of sodium nitrite on aorta was examined in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 30 Wistar adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including; control group. First experimental group that received low dose of sodium nitrite (175 mg/kg.bw), second experimental group that received high dose of sodium nitrite (350 mg/kg.bw). They were examined for 60 days. The rats got sodium nitrite through drinking water. At the end of the experiment the rats were taken to the anesthesia jar and based on ether principles, they anesthetized with ether and their blood samples were collected from their hearts. Then their aorta were extracted from their bodies and the tissue sections were prepared for testing tissue changes. Features such as histological features of aorta (morphometric and morphologic features) were analyzed. The samples were stained with masson trichrome and Hematoxylin- Eosin methods. The internal media layer was measured with Image tool software. Then the amount of nitrite oxide in their blood were tested. At the end results were analyzed by 17 version of SPSS software and ANOVA test was run.Results: The results of this study showed that thickness of medial layer in two experimental group that received low and high dose of sodium nitrite compared with the control group decreased (p 0.05), and the group that received of high dose of sodium nitrite showed irregular and non- uniform state in aortic media layer.Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that consumption of sodium nitrite in long term can induce damage in artries tissue.

Background: Amylin is a polypeptide hormone prevents weight gain and obesity by loss of appetite. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the effect of eight weeks high-fat diet with endurance training on body weight and plasma levels of amylin in male wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 young male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8) includes control (C), high fat diet + training (ET+HFD) and high fat diet (HFD) groups in age range 50 to 60 days and average weight 160±10 g. The (ET+HFD) group rats run on treadmill without slope by 5 day/week, per session 20-63 min, 15-30 m/min velocity for eight weeks and they used a high fat diet. The control group used for initial sampling and high fat diet (HFD) group no train. High fat diet was included 60% fat, 24% CHO and 16% protein available two groups; C and ET. Blood sampling was conducted after latest training session with 12h fasting. The amylin concentration was measured by Cusabio Biotech elisa kit. The collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc tests (P<0.05).Results: There were no significant difference between amylin levels in (ET+HFD) and (HFD) groups compared to control (C) group (p=0.25, p=0.867). The reduction of amylin concentration was no significant in (ET+HFD) group than HFD group (p=0.543). The rats' body weight were higher significantly in ET+HFD and HFD than control group (p<0.0001). No difference significant appears between body weight in ET+HFD and HFD group rats (p=0.795).Conclusion: It seems that high fat diet for eight weeks with and without endurance exercise training does not change plasma level of amylin concentration in rats. However, high fat diet increase rats body weight and eight weeks endurance training was not able to reduce body weight in high fat diet-fed rats.

Background: Scombroid syndrome is one of the most important food poisoning with symptoms similar to seafood allergy, that caused by biogenic amines. Histamine is produced by decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine in fish, by histidine decarboxylase enzyme. The histamine levels in fish and its products is one of the most important biomarkers to assess the freshness or corruption of the fish. One of objectives of this study was determination of histamine levels in Barred mackerel (Scomberomorus commerrson), by HPLC method, in different conditions of keeping.Material and Methods: There were evaluated the histamine contents, in 21 Barred mackerel samples trapped in the Bushehr coasts (Iran), after TCA extraction method, at different periods of the first, tenth (keeping at 4oC) and 30th days (keeping at -20oC) by HPLC with FLD detector in wavelengths lx: 320 and le: 450 nm.Results: The Mean ± SD of histamine in samples in revealed days were respectively the values of 12.96±0.29, 17.02±0.53 and 17.7±0.56 ppm. The highest levels of histamine in all samples in first, tenth and thirty days were respectively, ND, 2.77 and 7.77 ppm; and maximum levels were respectively 40.86, 40.75 and 40.07 ppm.Conclusion: Although the detection of histamine in 90% of samples, there was no sample above maximum Tolerable level (MTL) assigned by Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran (50 ppm). However, the histamine levels in 27.87% of samples were exceeded the maximum levels set in the FDA (20ppm).

Background: Tissue expansion is a common reconstructive surgery especially in burned patients. This study has been designed to evaluate the rate of complications of this method in Hazrat Fatima Hospital between 1389-1391.Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional and retrospective study, 150 patients' records have been studied between 1389-1391 years, frequency rate and types of complications related to tissue expander have been surveyed in these patients.Results: Complications have been observed in about 7% of the patients included in this study. Exposure of tissue expander was the most common complication (81.8%). Other complications which are resulted from this issue are capsular contracture and infection. Age was the only factor which had significant relation with increasing complication among the other surveyed factors including age, sex, indication of operation, wound location and duration of anaesthesia (p=0.033).Conclusion: The incidence of complication in patients that required tissue expander was not high and it was less than 10%. It should be noted that patient selection should be carefully in paediatric group and also strict observance of surgical principles is necessary to avoid complication.

Background: Besides the role that universities websites have in reflection of universities’ educational and research activities, they have also significant importance in promotion of universities’ national and international ranking in webometrics ranking of world universities and also in webometric ranking of Islamic world Science Citation and subsequently obtaining national and international credibility and gaining student and funding. So, continuous evaluation of universities websites in different aspects, especially based on considering index of these ranking systems, is important. Therefore, present study aimed to review the situation of Type 3 Iranian medical universities’ websites based on content and technical features effecting on promotion of webometric rank.Materials and Methods: Present study is a survey with descriptive approach which descriptive the present situation of Type 3 Iranian medical universities’ websites. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist which was consisted of two parts including content criteria effecting on webometric ranking (50 criteria) and technical criteria of search engines optimization (52 criteria). Content evaluation of websites was done by researcher direct referring and observing. In order to evaluation of these websites, based on technical criteria of search engines optimization, automatic tools about website evaluation were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS20.Results: The finding of this study showed that, Gonabad, Bushehr & Shahrekord universities of medical sciences have the most accommodation with the research checklist. Bam, Dezful & Jiroft universities of medical sciences have the least accommodation. According to research findings less than 50 percent of the research community, reached more than 50 percent of the criteria in checklist.Conclusion: Evaluation of studied websites indicated that whole websites are far from ideal situation. So type 3 medical universities besides pay more attention to produce of rich and update information content also they must notice to technical criteria of search engines optimization in designing of their websites and by removing the technical access problems, try to eliminate the barriers of visibility.

Background: Clinics, laboratories and radiologies are as a part of the public places and because of their potential health risk emissions, compliance with the environmental hygiene standards has a huge role in maintaining the environmental health of society. This study aimed to determine the environmental health status of private clinics, laboratories and Radiologies of Bushehr city in 2012.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 211 private clinics, laboratories and radiologies were studied by concensus sampling. A research-based valid and reliable questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.87) consisted of 62 questions was developed by trained interviewers. Questions were designed in nine sections: Construction, health services, solid waste management, providing health of clients, safety, sewerage, sanitation, specific criteria of dental clinics and specific criteria of radiology. Finally, Data was analyzed with the SPSS version 13 software.Results: The results showed that indicators of health status, the health services, solid waste management, providing health of clients, safety, sanitation and health facilities, had a favorable situation with mean 85.3%, 82%, 87.2%, 75.8%, 61.1%, 95.3% and 99.1%. Most problems was associated with improper disposal of syringes and surgical blades in the safety boxes, lack of disposable cups for clients and not installed fire extinguisher.Conclusion: In general, most of the Bushehr city clinics, laboratories and radiologies were favorable on health conditions in researched indicators.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic approach for treatment of hematological malignancies and incompatibility of Bone marrow. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has known as an alternative for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HPSC) in allogeneic transplantation. The low volume of collected samples is the main hindrance in application of HPSC derived from umbilical cord blood. So, ex vivo expansion of HPSCs is the useful approach to overcome this restriction. The goal of using this system is to produce appropriate amount of hematopoietic stem cells, which have the ability of transplantation and long term haematopoiesis.Material & Methods: In current study CD133+ cells were isolated from cord blood (CB). Isolated cells were seeded on microwells. Then expanded cells proliferation rate and ability in colony formation were assessed and finally were compared with 2 Dimensional (2D) culture systems.Results: Our findings demonstrated that CD133+ cells derived from UCB which were cultivated on microwells had significantly higher rate of proliferation in compared with routine cell culture systems.Conclusion: In Current study, it was shown that CD133+ cells’ proliferations which were seeded on PDMS microwells coated with collagen significantly increased. We hope that 3 dimensional (3D) microenvironment which mimics the 3D structure of bone marrow can solve the problem of using UCB as an alternative source of bone marrow.

Background: Although the association between oxidized LDL particles and cardiovascular diseases has been shown in different studies, the role of oxidized LDL for cardiovascular diseases in menopause is very limited. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MDA-oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidized LDL and ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction among postmenopausal women.Materials and methods: A total of 378 healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in the port city of Bushehr, Iran. Serum oxidized LDL and MDA-oxidised LDL levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was assessed using the Minnesota Code with a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (EKG). The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), Adult Treatment Panel III was used to assign the subjects to different levels of cardiovascular risk for lipid profile.Results: There was a significant difference for circulating oxidized LDL between subjects who had high LDL-cholesterol or high total cholesterol levels with normal postmenopausal women (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found for oxidized LDL and anti oxidized LDL levels among subjects with the other cardiovascular risk factors. EKG with evidence of IHD (IHD EKG) was not associated with oxidized LDL and anti oxidized LDL levels. But a significant association was found between myocardial infarction and circulating oxidized LDL even after adjustments were made for age, body mass index, smoking and serum cholesterol levels in multiple logistic regression analyses (OR:3.11, CI=1.24-7.80, p=0.016).Conclusion: Although no relationship was found between IHD EKG and oxidized LDL, the significant association between myocardial infarction and circulating oxidized LDL may suggest a potential pathogenesis role for oxidized LDL in the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

Background: There is growing evidence that supports oxidized LDL particles may have an ability to inhibit osteoblastic activity, and increase osteoclastic activity; hence these particles may lead the balance to osteoporosis. However, the relationship between oxidized LDL and osteoporosis has not been investigated in human studies yet. The main aim of the current population-based cohort study was to investigate the correlation between serum levels of oxidized LDL and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women.Materials and methods: A total of 378 healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in the port city of Bushehr, Iran. Serum levels of oxidized LDL, MDA-oxidised LDL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), CrossLaps, and osteocalcin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine at baseline and at follow-up 5.8 years later.Results: Annual bone loss was 0.82 % at the femoral neck and 3.55% at the lumbar spine among the women. No significant correlation was found among circulating MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and biomarkers of bone metabolism (P>0.05). There was no correlation between MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and BMD at all anatomic sites (P>0.05). In logistic regression analysis, neither oxidized LDL levels nor antibodies against oxidized LDL predicted incident lumbar or spine osteoporosis 5.8 years later.Conclusion: Neither serum levels of MDA-oxidized LDL nor antibodies against oxidized LDL was associated with BMD at the lumbar or femoral neck area. Neither serum levels of oxidized LDL levels nor circulating antibodies against oxidized LDL predicted incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.