TEB VA TAZKIEH
Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:47|Papers Count:12

Complexity of health technologies and increased demands for health care services concomitant with globalization in health care and finite resources have resulted in shortcomings in health delivery and have raised issues regarding equity. Most people experience some sort of denial, delay, deflection, dilution, deterrent, or selection when need health care services and profit is going to be the prevailing variable. Policy makers struggle to circumvent these problems in different ways, none of which prevail across a broad range of health care system. Evidence indicates priority setting in health care services inevitably requires explicit criteria. A variety of criteria which have been used in different health care system are discussed, focusing on experiences in community participation and approaches for community appraisal. Adopting experience from health care system, and evaluation adapted to respect national values will strengthen the burgeoning health sector reform in Iran. According to worldwide health care principals it seems crucial to establish a regulatory health council to underpin the evidence based priority setting process in Iran.

Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well - being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes.Improvement of the women's health status not only good health services, but also their cooperation. Information about the importance and details of health care are necessary to ensure the best individual cooperation. Thus education is one of the most important factors of reproductive health.In order to plan an appropriate and effective educational program, assessment of information's, insights and behaviors of the target group are needed. In this project that was implemented through focus group discussion (FGD), insights of female medical students about reproductive health have been evaluated.Twelve group (6 students in each group) of female medical students were selected for interviewing. A questionnaire was designed about reproductive health, and its questions were discussed by the students in group settings.We concluded that although the students' insight about reducing uncontrolled population was acceptable but their information's about family planning, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/ADIS were not significant.Most of the students believed that today reproductive health education is neither enough nor appropriate, so they could not be good messengers of reproductive and demographic bases are more attend in these educational university programs and unfortunately operational aspects of reproductive health, family planning, sexually transmitted diseases and their ways of transmission and prophylactic methods are less considered.It seems that taking into consideration the difficult medical and paramedical lessons and the high expectation of parents - young people are only expected to spend their time studying- and amount of time spent by young people on studying, in comparison to their free time they do not have enough time to participate in social gatherings. Therefore young people have less social skills and there is an urgent need to review the training curricula and the time period of studying, so that the students of this country acquire life skills during their training period.In view of the fact that marriage is delayed and because of our cultural background, today we need some pains of action for answering to young peoples; needs. Also for planning the best such actions, there is a need for discussions and recommendation of specialists and experts, in addition to finding strategies to facilitating marriage by the Government.

The extensive evolution in medical technology and patients' expectations of medical care has increased the need to use of Hospital Information system (H.I.S) and it is predicated that hospitals which are not equipped with HIS would not be able to compete to other hospitals in 21 century.Each ward in hospital has its own expectation from HIS and the structure of HIS is formed based on these expectations. So the structure is highly complex and is known as Mother Industry.HIS has progressed in three phases, starting from early 80s till now, and is converted from a non "organized system to a well-organized system with an axis named patient electronic record.It is required that and ideal HIS has high technological capabilities such as ability to identify medical trigger events, being in accord to medical informatics standards, use of expert systems and being in a good harmony to the culture and work circulation in each hospital.HIS has many advantages and has a potential to create a revolution in hospital services. Promotion in quality of care, administration of scientific based management in hospitals, recovery in medical economics, growth of medical research and modification in making policies in health and development of medical education are only some of its benefits.Worldwide researches support the desired effects of HIS.

In the past years, numerous studies on iron deficiency anemia in various regions of Iran had already shed light on the prevalence of this disorder among vulnerable groups, and particularly childbearing age. Women yet on overall estimated of the problem's magnitude among Iranian women of this age group was not available. Therefore the present study was conducted in both rural and urban areas of the country. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum ferreting, and transferring saturation levels were studied respectively; as indicators for anemia; iron deficit, and iron deficiency anemia. Based of hemoglobin levels, the study showed 33% of these women to be suffering from anemia. Serum ferreting levels reheated 50% of these to have various degrees of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia was observed in 155 of urban and 18% of rural women. Altogether 1606% of the women in this stud had iron deficiency anemia; the prevalence is not statistically significant in rural and urban areas.

Gender differences in some chronic disease and nutrient deficiencies are well recognized in previous studies. This study was conducted to compare dietary intakes and anthropometric measures between men and women in an urban population of east of Tehran.This cross-sectional study included 411 residents of district 13 of Tehran (155 women and 146 men aged 25-50 years and 57 women and 58 men above 50 years) selected by random sampling. After getting informed consent, anthropometric measures including height and weight were assessed and body mass index was computed. Data for dietary assessment was obtained by two separate 24-hour diet recall and dietary habits a questionnaire. The ratio of energy intake to resting energy expenditure <1.27 was considered as underreporting. Findings showed that the mean body mass index of women in both age groups was significantly higher than men (p<0. 005). In>50 years old women, the mean BMI was 30 kg/m2. Central obesity was more prominent in women than men. Men had significantly higher energy and macronutrient intakes than women (P<0.005), but the mean percent of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fat was similar in all age and sex groups (59.2% from carbohydrate, 11.6% from protein and 29.2% from fat) nearly similar to the National Institute of Health guidelines. The intake of cholesterol for men was greater than women (P<0.05). Dietary habits also showed higher intakes of salt and fatty foods in men and higher intakes of sweets and simple sugar in women.Underreporting was seen in about 40% of women and 10-18% of men, specially in obese and overweight persons. Important gender differences were observed in this study. High percentage of people may be under reported, therefore, researchers in the field of dietary assessment should be aware under reporting in particular in female subjects.

Infertility is a common disease in the world. Millions of people suffer from not having a baby. Medical science is going to cure it and has suggested some methods. One of these methods is to utilize the de dicated perm and ovule. With regard to this new method, Moslims and physicians request the religious commandment. Some of the religious scholars have declared that it is unlawful. To prove this recommendation, they have reasoned some verses and narrations that are related to the sexual reaction limits.In this research, after explaining the views declaring the reason for the subject, it has been proved that the verses and narrations are related to fornication in which their motivation is based on carnal and satanic desires. There is not any reason about utilizing the dedicated sperm and ovum.Regarding to their reason, we can not prove the unlawfulness of their matter even precautiously. The public's justice reasoning is on the priority of the religious preference, that it is not inconsistent with revocability.

Despite the fact that ethics is more important component of health care, the common approach in nursing ethical discussion is theory rather applicable.This paper aims to understand more fully what the concept of nursing ethical practice is. The triangulation thus was used as the guiding framework for this study method. In the first phase data were obtained from a convenience sample of eight nurses by in-depth interviews, then grounded theory qualitative method was used for designing of an ethical nursing model that describes ethical practice of nurses in three levels. In second phase a descriptive quantitative study was designed to study of nurses ethical performance with application of model on 119 randomly selected nurses. Authors concluded that the model of nurses, ethical practice could guide nurses' performance. Although this is a substantive theory and it needs to be criticized to improve and change to tentative theory of utilization.