Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2007 | Volume:62 | Issue:3|Papers Count:26

Pineal bodies usually contain a concretion called brain sand. Concretion is mostly composed of phosphate and calcium carbonate. The concretion increases with age, however the origin and mechanism of formation of these materials are not clearly understood. Calcified bodies are usually used as a guide in radiographic studies. Due to the importance of these materials, this research was done on brain sands in sheep brains. In this research, 24 specimens of pineal glands were collected from sheep at the ages of 3, 4, 6 and 7 years. They were then fixed in boin's Fluid for 8 hours and then put in 70% ethanol. After 72 hours, the specimens were stained by Von Kossa and studied with light microscope. For studying pineal body, 6 whole brains were put in10% formaldehyde for 2 months. Results showed that brain sands were only seen in 7 years old sheep in the central part of pineal glands.

To investigate the effect of two dietary levels of l-carnitine and vegetable fat powder on the quality of cockerels' sperm and broiler breeder fertility and hatchability. Two hundred and fifty female and twenty five male broiler breeders. Were studied Classic Hubbard parent stocks were randomly distributed in five groups of 50 with five replicates of 10 females and one male. Two levels of l-carnitine 0, 60 ppm(for females) and 0, 500 ppm (for males) and vegetable fat powder(0, 1. 5%) were used in a completely random design. At first, data were analyzed in factorial arrangement but no interaction was observed and then a completely randomized design was employed. A diet with high lysine and methionine was fed to one group of birds. Determined variables were hatchability, fertility, egg production, egg weight, albumen height, Hugh unit, color of yolk, shell thickness, shell strength, semen volume, sperm motility, live sperm percent, sperm count and normal sperm percent. Supplemented diet with l-carnitine had significant effects during the hatchability (p<0. 01-0. 05), fertility (p<0. 01), semen quantity and sperm quality (p<0. 01). L-carnitine had no effect on egg production except on fifth and sixth weeks of experiment (p<0. 01); also, l-carnitine had no effect on egg characteristics. Supplementation of l-carnitine in broiler breeder's rations increases their fertility, hatchability and sperm quality.

In this study, 480 on-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a 2*3 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of hull-less barley (0.30%)and 3 levels of enzyme (0.300 and 600g/ton), to investigate the effect of diets containing high soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)  concentrations on morphological characteristics of small intestine and performance of broilers. Increasing in concentration of soluble NSPs significantly decreased feed intake and body weight gains of broilers,(p<0.05) height and width of villi and tongue shaped villi percentage but increased other types of villi and crypt depth in small intestine (p<0.01), Enzyme supplementation of diets had no significant effects on studied traits, results show increase in the concentration of soluble NSPs of diet causes negative effects on morphological characteristics of small intestine in broiler chicks. Therefore, it could reduce absorption surface in digestive tract, and consequently decrease broiler performance.

The aim of the present study was to compare different periods of feed deprivation (day number of starvation in four physical feed restriction programs) on total immunuglobulins and lymphocytes percentage in pullets and cockerels of broiler breeder. A 4X2 factorial experiment based on a completely random design. 160 pullets and 160 cockerels of broiler breeder. Feed intake content weekly was the same for all feed restriction programs and daily feed content according to feed restriction program. During 3 to 20 weeks, chicks were treated with feed restriction programs including daily (without starvation), five days a week, six days a week and skip-a-day. Total immunuglobolins content was determined in the 16th week and 21st week and lymphocytes percentage was determined in the end of the breeder period. Analysis of variance and mean comparison was conducted. The period of feed deprivation in week had no significant effect on lymphocytes percentage. In the 16th week, total immunuglobulins content significantly increased in birds with the highest period of feed deprivation in week (skip-a-day program), in comparison with other treatments. Results of the experiments showed that feed restriction can enhance total immunuglobulins in birds but there is not an evident trend in relation with the feed deprivation period in the feed restriction programs and total immunuglobulins.

Presentation of a very rare monster case in the sheep was highlighted. Amonster lamb twinned to a normal lamb. Cesarean section, morphological examination and necropsy. At cesarean operation, a live male twin and a phenotypically male monster were delivered. The monster was diagnosed as Holoacardius acephalus.

The aim of the present study was determination of reference values of blood serum enzymes of Huso huso. Descriptive study. 18 male and 18 female Huso huso was studied. Blood samples were obtained from caudal vein of 18 males and 18 females and the levels of enzymes were measured by an autoanalyzer. Parametric t- test and Pearson correlation test. Results of measurements for total samples are as follows: Asparat amino transferase (AST)=290/27±60/29 IU/L, Alanine amino transferase (ALT)=6/06±1/14 IU/L, Alkanine phosphatase (ALP)=76/13±13/54 IU/L, Lactate dehyrogenase (LDH)=2083/05±495/18 IU/L, Creatine phosphokinase (CK)=6724/85±2079/29 IU/L, Acid phosphatase (ACP)=16/76±2/53 IU/L, Obtained results showed, based on t- student statistical method used for the 6 enzyme that there is not any significant difference among male and female fishes. Also in pearson correlation test, there could neither be found any correlation among the 6 enzymes which were studied, nor any correlation among the male and female fishes.

The aim of the present study was to compare different diagnostic methods in the determination of gastric helicobacter infection. 30 healthy stray and 27 domestic cats. Were studied the procedure involved taking biopsy samples from antrum and body by pediatric gastroscope in off feed animals. Diagnosis of gastric helicobacter infection by cytology, rapid urease test, histopathology and PCR was also conducted. In all diagnostic methods, helicobacter infection was found to be more prevalent in domestic cats than the stray ones. None of the cats were infected with H. pylori and most of them had mixed infections with H. felis and H. heilmanii. Sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic methods in comparison with PCR were 93 and 44%, respectively in rapid urease test, 97 and 92% respectively in histopathology and 98 and 94%, respectively in cytology. Based on result of the study most of the cats may be infected with helicobacter spp without any significant clinical signs. Cytology was the most simple and fastest screening methods in the diagnosis of helicobacter infection. With respect to morphologic similarities of H. felis and H. heilmanii and inability to culture H. heilmanii, PCR can be considered as one of the best methods in the identification of infecting helicobacter strains in cats.

Probstmayria vivipara was collected from the contents of colons of 6 out 10 donkeys. The redescription of morphology was carried out by the examination of 20 males and 20 females. The dimension of most of the determined characteristics was larger than that previously described by Neveu-Lemaire (1936), such as the total length of male and female, as well as the length of esophagous and spicules.

An anatomic study on ovine hoof to find a proper hoof trimming method was done. Fore and hindlimbs of 15, two years old ewes. Were studied all legs were transferred to vet college and divided by fore and hindlimbs, left and right and lateral and medial digits. Toe height to ground and to the solar surface, heel height, sole length, toe length, toe length to the sensitive tissue, sole thickness in toe and heel region (cm) were measured. Toe angle was mathematically measured from toe height and toe length and toe to heel height was measured as well. All data were compared by t-test. Toe angle was significant in forelimbs (55.09±8.1) and hindlimbs (50.43±6.9) and heel height was significantly different (3.02 ± 0.33, 2.36± 0.44) in the fore and hind limbs respectively. Although no statistical difference was recorded in the other results but some descriptive changes were recorded. Hoof grows to make an edge in the solar hoof wall that is slightly longer in hindlimbs. Sole thickness in toe and heel regions of fore and hindlimb was recorded as 0.41±0.12, 0.82±0.18 and 0.37±0.13, 0.68±0.17 respectively that was significantly higher in hindlimbs. Hoof growth pattern in sheep is different from cow. Toe angle in fore and hindlimb is slightly higher than cows. Lateral wall growth in solar region makes weight bearing surface of the hoof different from cows. 1. 2 of horny tissue of the hoof protects from sensitive underlying tissue that can make a satisfactory hoof trimming.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence anti- E. coli, -rotavirus and –corona virus, in calves' sera. A total of 184 calves under 1 month of age (84 diarrheic & 100 normal) was studied. Serological tests including: direct ELISA for detection of anti-K99 E. coli, - rotavirus and – corona virus and tube agglutination test for detection anti-O157 E. coli, and antibodies were used. Data were analyzed by chi-square, fisher test and t-student tests. Anit-K99 E. coli antibodies were detected in 56% and 66% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Tube agglutination test showed the presence of anti- O157-E.coli antibodies in 82% and 69% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Anti-rotavirus antibodies were detected in 100% and 99% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Anti corona virus antibodies were detected in 82% and 72% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study may indicate the high exposure of the examined dairy cattle population to E. coli, rotavirus and corona virus and also the absence of correlation between such serological responses with the prevention of calves' diarrhea.

This study was conducted in Khorasan-Razavi during 23 months (since February 2004 to December 2005). The samples (83 samples) of suspected farms were collected from tongue and mouth epithelium and tested by indirect sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR. During the study, twelve foci during the year 2004 and 23 foci during the year 2005(up to December) were approved. Maximum distribution of FMD foci was observed in spring (63%). Pearson's correlation coefficient and Chi square tests were carried out for data analysis. Attention was paid to frequent traffic of farm in springs since there is an increase of the disease in this season. There was no correlation between the sheep density and the disease must be account in cattle. However, with respect to considerable sheep population in Iran and its role in persistence of the virus, the vaccination of sheep seems to be essential for the control of FMD.

In this study, samples of oily nuts using for human consumption (pistachio- peanuts- walnut …..) were randomly obtained from markets in three geografical regions (south, east and west) of Tehran. They were immidiatedly sent to Mycology lab. Then they were prepared for detection of fungi on Sabour glucose, Rose bangal and Chapex agars. Analysis of fungi was done by slide-culture, detection of Morphology and culturing on special agar for each fungus. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, Peicilium and Yeast were separated from samples. Aspergillus (32.2%) and Penicillium (30.3%) in order were the most separated fungi from different samples while yeast was the least (5.6%). The maximum extracted fungi were observed in the Peanuts (26 samples) and Pistachio (30 samples).Regarding the crucial existence of toxin producer fungi (Penicillium, Fusarium and Aspergillus) in the studied samples, Controlling toxogenic fungi contamination in these products is very important.

The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify parasites and saprophytes from fungal affected eggs of Rainboe trout. The samples (n= 900) were obtained from six fish farm and transferred to mycology laboratory in stril tubes. The samples were inoculated in cculture media, (SDA, CMA, GPagar and hemp seeds cultures) at room temperature (18-24oC). Twelve species of fungi isolated from the fungal eggs. Three isolated fungi were belonged to the saprolegniaceas' family including: Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia sp., Achlya sp. Other nine fungi were: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Paeciliomyces, Acremonium, Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani, Alternaria, Mucor and Helminthosporium. In this study three species of pathogenic aquatic fungi were Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia sp., Achlya sp. It seems that saprolegnia parasitica was the most important fungal egg infestation in Mazandaran salmonid hatcheries. Meanwhile, saprophytic fungi can help for spreading of fungal egg infection.

In this study, in vitro growth characteristics of fibroblasts of metacarpal region of horses and Caspian miniature horses were evaluated. Under general anesthesia and aseptic condition, A full thickness skin incision was created on the lateral aspect of mid-third of left metacarpal region of 4 mixed thoroughbred horses and 4 caspian miniature horses and 3 grams of subcutaneous tissue was harvested and placed in culture medium (RPMI-1640) in an incubator at 37oC (5%CO2). After growth of fibroblasts, count of cells was performed for 8 days and growth rates and percentage viability of fibroblasts were recorded. There were no significant differences in the growth rates and viability rate of fibroblasts between horses and caspian horses. It was therefore concluded that due to Genetic similarity between horses and caspian horses, growth characteristics of fibroblasts in these two groups are the same, but Further In vivo research is needed to identify the wound healing pattern in Caspian horses in compare with horses.

To evaluate the effects of calcium on motility patterns of bovine epididymal sperm and to determine the effective calcium concentration, ovine testicles (5 for each experiment day) were picked up in a local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory in a cool container (filled wich ice). In laboratory, caudal epididymis was incised and sperm cells were put into Petri dishes containing modified BO medium which were kept in37?C incubator. To separate sperm from epididymal particles swim up method was performed into BO medium containing 0.56, 1.125 and 2025 mM calcium. Motility pattern were assessed at the start of experiment(0h) and2,4and 6h post incubation using Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzing (CASA) and different motility parameters were assessed The proportions sperm motility were analyzed using a mathematical model that included fixed effect due to treatment (calcium concentrations) and residual error. When the analysis revealed a significant effect, the values were compared by duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that no significant different was observed in the start of experiment (no fast effect).Two h post incubation the proportion of class A spermatozoa (fast moving ones), Curvilinear velocity (VCL), Straight line velocity(VSL), Average path velocity (VAP) and Strightness (STR)in 0.56 mM calcium were significantly higher than those in 2.25 mM calcium (p<0.05). Four h post incubation, the proportion of class A and class C spermatozoa (not moving ones), class A+B (alive sperm cells), VCL, VSL, VAP, Linearity and STR in 0.56 mM calcium were significantly higher than those in 2025 nM calcium(p<0.05). Six h post incubation only STR was significantly different between the concentrations of 0.56 and 2025 mM calcium. How event, concentrations of calcium. The results of the present study indicate the lower calcium concentrations may support a higher sperm motility proportion in BO medium.

Immunogenicity of Echinococcus granulosus different antigens for determination of suitabhe antigen for production of hydatid cyst vaccine compared.Data analysis by one way Cocran and student-test was showed significant difference in optical density between the groups were injected with antigens and the control groups. The most optical density is in the groups were injected by mix of oncosphere and protoscolex and the lowest is in the groups were injected by protoscolex (p<0.05). Furthermore, in pathology study, there was not any cyst in injected groups, but in control groups high number and big fertile cysts were founded. The level of protection with antigens of protoscolexes, onchospheres and mix of them were, 50.2,72 and 82% respectively. Vacination by a mix of oncosphere and protoscolex was considerably more effective than each one individually and prevented the infection of hydatid cyst with confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). So these antigens can produce a suitable immune response and can use for production of vaccine against hydatid cyst.

Assessing the effects of monensin on economic factors of milk (percents of protein and fat), and quality of milk fat during early lactation. Thirteen multiparous Holstein cows were blocked into a control and a treatment group from 3 weeks prepartum to 45 days postpartum according the number of their calving. The groups received similar diets. The treatment group received monensin added to grain mix at 340 mg/head/day during prepartum weeks, 160-480 mg/head/day during first two weeks postpartum and 350 mg/head/day during days 15-35 postpartum. Milk samples were obtained on days 15, 25, 35 and 45 postpartum. Milk volume during a standard period of 305 days and during the first 3 months of lactation, percentages milk protein and milk fat and iodine value of milk fat were determined. Data were studied with the SPSS statistical software using analysis of variance for repeated measures and independent t test. No significant differences were observed between control and experiment groups in volumes of milk during the first 3 months of lactation and the standard production of the entire lactation period. The natural decrease in the percentage of milk protein and fat postpartum was observed in both groups. However, the pattern of decrease in milk protein was slower in the treatment group. There was no difference between the groups in milk protein at various stages of sampling. Milk fat increased in the treatment group from day 25 of lactation and on day 45, it was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control cows. The iodine index of milk fat was nonsignificantly higher in the treatment group throughout of the experiment. The present study showed that administration of monensin during periparturient weeks has no adverse effect on milk volume, percentage of milk protein and fat and the quality of milk fat. It may lessen the decreasing pattern of milk protein and fat, or accelerate the time for their increasing. Increased level of unsaturated fatty acids in milk is a positive point in feeding monensin.

In order to determine of some blood serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout, blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of 531 apparently healthy rainbow trout cultured in earthen ponds. Data was analyzes by regression analysis, pearson correlation coefficient test and fisher's test. The mean values of ALP, AST, ALT and LDH were 722±320, 337±150, 29±24 and 579±353 U/L and the mean values of sodium, potassium and chloride were 144.4±6.8, 1.8±0.5 and 126.7±13.0 mmol/l respectively. The mean values of total protein and albumin were 4.0± 0.7 and 1.7±0.8 gr/dl. In this study the mean values of uric acid, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, calcium and phosphorus were 1.7±0.6, 0.4±0.2, 9.1±4.8, 273.4±165.2, 270±88, 103.8±35.9, 15.9± 2.9 and 25.3±5.0 mg/dl respectively. The results of regrisson analysis showed that with increase in age, the mean values of albumin, total protein, cholesterol, sodium, potassium and chloride increased and the mean values of triglyceride, creatinin, AST, ALT and LDH decreased (p<0.05).