Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2011 | Volume:66 | Issue:1|Papers Count:16

Lindane is highly lipid soluble toxin and persists in the environment, Its bioaccumulation occurs in the food chain from the environment to animals and humans. In order to evaluate the effects of high doses of lindane on the weight and serum biochemical parameters, twenty five old Ross broiler chicks (30day) were divided into control and 4 treatment groups of 5 chickens each. The chickens of control group didn't receive any toxin but the other groups received diets containing 150, 300, 600 and 900 ppm, lindane respectively. At the end of seventh day, animals were weighed and exsanguinated. Liver and blood samples were collected. The chicken weight decreased significantly in response to 600 and 900 ppm lindane compared to control, 150 and 300 ppm groups. The kidneys were affected in all groups compared to the control. Serum uric acid increased significantly. Although malfunction of kidneys were more severe in 900ppm than the other groups. In 900ppm group increased activity of AST were significant comparing to control and another groups (p<0.05). Comparing to control and all groups the activity of CPK in the 900ppm increased significantly (p<0.05). The other parameters in seum such as total protein, albumin and globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and VLDL, Index of lipid peroxidation by TBARs method and also beta carotene and vitamine A in serum and liver were not significant. So for evaluating of toxic effects of short term lindane administration, initially suggest that measure kidneys test (specially uric acid) and muscle test (specially AST and CPK) and should be not that the weight measuring is very important.

Cardiac arrhythmias can cause hypoxia, hypotension, disturbance in tissue blood supply and cardiac arrest. Diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias using electrocardiography is simple and common. The purpose of this study was to review the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in dogs brought to the Veterinary Clinic for different reasons. One hundred and seventy six dogs of different age groups (<1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-6, >6 years), and both sexes were included in this study. The survey was carried out for two years. Electrocardiogram of each dog using standard limb leads (I, II, and III) and augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL, and aVF) were taken and investigated for rhythm irregularities. Results obtained from 1232 traces indicated sinus arrhythmia (27.9%), sinus tachycardia (7.8%), wandering pacemaker (5.1%), ventricular premature beats (3.4%), atrioventricular block type II (1.2%), and the dogs simultaneously showed two kinds of disrhythmias (11.9%). From 176 dogs, 68 were males (56.6%) and 33 females (58.9%) showed different types of arrhythmias. Results of this study indicated that in spite of referring the dogs merely for checkup and vaccination, have cardiac arrhythmia that some of which could be dangerous for animal life.

Pelvic bones injuries may cause lameness in horses. Radiography of pelvic region in horse is usually unsatisfactory due to difficulties and dangers. Meanwhile, advanced radiographic machines are not easily available which result in delay in diagnosis and treatment. In the current study, ultrasonography of the pelvic bones in 5 healthy horses, the approaches, and normal views were evaluated using A2-5 MHZ convex probe for transcutaneous and 5-10 MHZ rectal probe for transrectal techniques. Ultrasonographic approaches for evaluating different parts of the pelvic region were defined and the bony structures were nominated. Pelvic sonography was indicative by the smooth and strong echo of the bone surface in most parts. Iliac body showed rough surface, Ischial tuber and arch just beneath the tail. The most difficult region for evaluation was coxofemoral joint. The dorsal surface of the joint was assessed by transcutaneous approach. Our findings showed that sonography can provide useful information about possible injuries of the pelvic region. This technique can be recommended for horse peluic evaluation either before pelvic radiography or in the absence of advanced radiographic equipments.

The major histocompatibility complex genes (mhc) encode MHC I and II molecules which present peptide fragments to Tcells. Therefore these polymorphic molecules critically influence susceptibility to infectious diseases. At present study potential relationship between amino acid sequences in the antigen binding groove of different BoLA-DRB3 alleles and susceptibility or resistance to calf diarrhea was investigated. Twelve different DRB3 alleles were found among 171 calves (84 diarrheic and 87 healthy) analyesd by PCR-RFLP method. Amino acid sequences of the encoded peptide binding region were compared. 26 polymorphic positions were detected in this region. A significant association (p< 0.05) was shown between occurrence of diarrhea and the presence of glutamic acid and tyrosine in pocket 4 and valine, glutamine and leucine in pocket 9 of peptide binding region. Thus it can be concluded that pockets 4 and 9 of the BoLA-DRB3 molecule would be involved in conferring susceptibility of calf to diarrhea.

Endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in the regulation of appetite in mammals. In the present study, the effect of avian brain CB1 receptor on food intake of broilers was studied. ACEA, a potent CB1 agonist, and AM281, a potent CB1 antagonist, were injected into the chicken right lateral cerebral ventricle and food intake was measured 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post injection. The results indicate that CB1 agonist and antagonist increase and decrease food intake, respectively. Also, pretreatment with CB1 antagonist fully inhibits the CB1-agonist-induced food intake. The results of the study are consistent with the experiments carried out in mammals.

Selenium is an essential trace element while having a potential toxicity. It can be identified and measured in urine, milk and and hair. Samples of serum and hair from six dairy farms at different radius around ceramic industries of Isfahan (0.1, 1.5 and 2.5 km, 2 farms in each zone and 24 cattle in each distance) were randomly taken. Samples (serum and hair) were also taken from 2 farms, 15 km away from the polluting sources, as control group. The concentration of selenium in serum and hair samples were measured against certified standard solutions by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the mean selenium concentration of hair, at the radius of 0.1 km from ceramic industries, was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). This concentration was significantly lower than the concentration of hair selenium at the radius of 1.5 km from the ceramic industries. The selenium concentration of hair and serum at the radius of 1.5 km was higher than those of other distances (P<0.05). The results of selenium measurements in the region showed a possible presence of subclinical selenium deficiency. Meanwhile, it could be concluded that the level of pollution have not been at a level that can cause poisoning, rather a compensation of this trace element occurred in the area, which was not still able to maintain normal selenium concentration. It seems that the higher concentration of selenium at the radius of 1.5 km may be due to the pattern of precipitation of pollutants around the ceramic industries. It was concluded that the presence of ceramic industries in the region partially compensated the low concentration of selenium in the region which was not still enough to compensate the deficiency. Furthermore, the findings of this study, revealed the potential use of hair selenium as indicator of body status of this trace element.

The use of probiotic bacteria has been suggested as an important strategy to accomplish reproductible outputs through biocontrol in cultivation systems for marine fish larvae and crustaceans. The bacterial flora in the larval gut originates from bacteria associated with the eggs, the water in the rearing tanks, and the live food. This study was aimed to determine the effect of commercial and Autochthonous probiotics on growth parameters and survival rate of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Trout larvae (85±4 mg) were fed diets of Biomar. The experimental diets were supplemented with three blends of probiotic bacteria including lactobacillus, commercial Bacillus and isolated sturgeon gut bacillus in three levels (4.30, 5.30 and 6.30 LogCFU/g of feed) and were fed by Rainbow trout (larvae in 9 experimental treatments. The control treatment was fed on nonsupplemented diet. The experiment was carried out in completely random design. At the end of the period the fishes were biometeried and tested by thermal, salinity, alkalinity and acidity stress. The highest specific growth rate, thermal growth coefficient and feed conversion efficiency were found in treatment A1. The treatments A1, A2, B1, B2, L1 and L3 had significant difference with control (p 0.05). The beter feed conversion ratio was obtained in treatment A1 and L3. In chilling test of thermal stress, maximum of survival time was obtained in treatment B1. The results of the challenge tests with stress of alkalinity and acidity indicated that the best survival time was in treatment A1 and total experimeal treatments had significant difference with control (p 0.05). No significant difference in salinity challenge test was observed between the treatments (p>0.05).

Various probiotic products have been used in ruminant nutrition over the past decade. Some of them had positive effects on animal production. Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis mixture on digestibility, rumen and blood parameters of 4 fistulated varamini sheeps . Animals fed with 4 diets during 4 periods using a 2´2 factorial arrangement in a change-over design. First factor included two sources of forages (alfalfa hay and corn silage) and second factor included two levels of above probiotic mixture (0 and 5 gr/day/head). Digestibility of diets was measured by acid insoluble ash as marker. Blood samples were taken at 0 and 4 hours after feeding via jugular vein to determine concentration of CO2, pH, LDH and Glucose. Also ruminal liquor samples were taken at 0 and 4 hours after feeding to determine rumen pH and concentration of N-NH3 and volatile fatty acids. The results showed that digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter and dry matter of diets were not significantly different among diets. However, digestibility of crude protein and ether extract in diets containing corn silage were lower and higher than alfalfa hay, respectively. There was no significant difference on blood metabolites of sheep fed various diets. Total volatile fatty acids in sheep fed microbial mixture were more than control group. Diets containing alfalfa hay had higher propionate and acetate concentrations than diets containing corn silage. Ruminal ammonia concentration decreased in sheep fed diets containing microbial mixture (P< 0.05). We concluded that present microbial mixture improved ruminal fermentation but could not significantly affect digestibility and blood metabolites of sheep.

Dicrocoeliasis is an important livestock disease caused by digenean trematode namely Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The aim of the present study was to identify somatic and metabolic antigens of adult D.dendriticum in naturally infected sheep. Adult parasites collected from the liver of naturally infected sheep, were washed in cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH=7.4) and stored at -20°c until analysis. Antigen used for the detection of antibody included somatic and metabolic of mature trematode. Somatic and excretory-secretory antigens prepared with haemogenization and incubation of adult helminths, respectively. Electrophoretic patterns of excretory secretory and somatic antigens of D.dendriticum were revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and westernblotting using sera from naturally harbored sheep. In western blot analysis of antigens D.dendriticum demonstrate 1 major antigenic polypeptide 130 kDa in both somatic and metabolic antigens and 6 protein bands ranging from 25 to 60 kDa in excretory-secretory antigens which were recognized by serum of sheep naturally infected. Our findings showed that the 130 kDa molecular weight polypeptide could be used as specific antigen for the immunodiagnosis of sheep dicrocoeliasis.

Because of the pathological similarities between collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and rheumatoid arthritis, the CIA model has been the subject of extensive investigations. This study initiated to evaluate the pathologic lesions of induced arthritis by collagen in a total of 50 female rats (Rattus norvegicus.). Arthritis was induced by two intradermal injections (14 days interval) of type 2 bovine collagen solution and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the tail and right leg paw of 40 rats. Severity of arthritis in affected leg was represented in grade 1 to 4. Three weeks after beginning of the experiment, 22, 12, 5 and 1 affected rats were clinically diagnosed with 1, 2, 3 and 4 grades of arthritis respectively. Rats were intradermally injected into the tail showed only slight and moderate (grade 1 and 2) arthritis. Macroscopically, the involved joints were enlarged, swollen and stiff and deformity and ankylosis of affected joints were noticed in severe cases. Deep healing ulcers in planter of the paw were diagnosed in 14 rats. Histopathologic examinations revealed infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and papillary hyperplasia of synovial membrane in mild and moderately affected animals (grade 1 and 2) and erosion of articular cartilage with formation of fibrovascular pannus on its surface in synovial membrane in severe cases (grade 3). In very severe cases (grade 4), complete destruction of articular cartilage and access of granulation tissue to subchondral bone were noticed. Pathologic lesions of the involved joints were very similar to those reported from rheumatoid arthritis in human, erosive polyarthritis in dog and caprine arthritis/encephalitis.

Pilomatricomas are cystic hair follicle neoplasms originate from matrix cells which is produced by hair shaft and Inner root sheaths of this zone region of the inferior part of the hair follicle there is cornification patterns are present. These structures are recognized almost exclusively in dogs. A five-year-old, male intact boxer dog was presented with a large pedunculated mass in medial aspect of elbow region. The histopathological findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor was BCC like with lobules of tumor basal cells and shadow cell-like necrotic cells showing central keratinization. Immunohistochemically, the CK7 was negative that revealed this tumor could not to be a BCC. Positivity for CK8 revealed that this tumor originated from hair sheath. Nonentity of invasion and metastasis and negativity for P53 implicated that the tumor was benign. This tumor was proliferative pigmented pilomatricoma because of a large number of basal cells of lobules and melanophages in the interlobular fibrous tissue. This report can be useful in oncoming reclassification of canine skin tumors.

Parasitism is one of the major problems affecting goat's health. It causes a considerable economic loss in small ruminants of worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal and external parasite infections in goats of North-West of Iran. In spite of the importance of goats in this region, there is no detailed quantitative study on prevalence of goat parasites. Fecal samples were collected from 403 goat for identification of gastrointestinal parasites and presence of external parasites. Seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including Strongylida, Marshalagia, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Cystocoulus, Monizia and Fasciola, were identified in fecal samples. The number and percentage of infected goats for these parasites were 206 (51.11%) for Strongylida, 37 (9.18%) for Marshalagia, 12 (2.97%) for Nematodirus, 58 (14.39%) for Trichuris, 3 (0.7%) for Cystocoulus, 23 (5.7%) for Monizia and 4 (1%) for Fasciola. The number of eggs ranged from 3 to 172 eggs per gram of feces. Anumber of 112 samples (27.79%) were positive for Eimeria with oocysts number of 1-390 per gram of feces. It was also found that 12 (3%), 203 (50.4%) and 131 (32.5%) of goats were infested by Sarcoptes scabeii, Damalinia caprae and Ripicephalus bursa, respectively. On each goat 1 to 5 hard ticks were found at different sites of their body. Results showed that intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infection of goats were low in the region therefore intensive parasitic treatment should not be recommended, It can be concluded that fecal examination should be considered before applying any parasitic treatment.