Koomesh
Year:2005 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:22

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of major importance in the all countries today. Diabetes reduces life expectancy by one third, and the frequency of disability in diabetic persons is 2 to 3 times that in the general population. Diabetic complications are micro and macrovascular problems, and retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiopathy. This study is carried out in order to determine the effects of applying on sensitization program on fasting blood glucose (F.B.S ) & HgbA1c levels in diabetic patients. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study which is carried out in order to determine the effects of Continuous Care Model on F.B.S & HgbA1c levels for diabetic patients in Orumia Imam Reza Hospital in 2003-2004 years. 74 patients with type II DM were selected with random allocation technique and assigned as case &control groups. Steps of continuous care model applied only for case group in 3 month. F.B.S for 3 times and HgbA1c two times were measured on case and control groups. Results: Data showed mean of three times F.B.S in case group were 179.59, 161.18, 142, 45 mg/dl and in control group were 172.91, 179.48, 179.97 mg/dl. ANOVA test with repeated measurement showed significant differences in two groups and times. Mean of HgbA1c (before and after intervention) in case group was 9.31 then 8.46 percent, and this amounts in control group was 9.7 then 10.1 percent. Pair 1.test showed significant difference in two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results showed that there is a relation between applying sensitization program with F.B.S & HgbA1c levels in diabetic patients, so research hypothesis that applying sensitization program enhanced control of F.B.S & HgbA1c levels as an importance index in DM patients was approved. Thus, applying Continuous Care Model on chronic diabetic patients is recommended.      

Introduction: Nutritional status assessment of adolescents is very important, because of the physiologic changes and rapid increase in the growth rate. The attitude of the adolescent toward food and nutrition is also a primary component of a comprehensive evaluation. There is no enough information available about adolescence nutritional status and associated factors in adolescent of different area of Iran specially in Semnan. Thus this study with object of determining of the nutrition status and relationship between physical activity and nutritional attitude with index of BMI-for-age in Semnan girl secondary school inducted. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, using two stage cluster sampling 256 girl students aged 14-15 year old were randomly selected from 8 Semnan secondary schools. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Nutritional status was defined by indice of BMI-forage, weight-for-age, height-for-age from reference CDC 2000, as having. <5th percentile (wasting or stunting), between 5th and 85th (normal), between 85th and 95th percentile (overweight or tall) and 2:95th (obese). Physical activity and nutritional attitude were collected by questionnaires. Results: In this survey high percent 'of students, respectively 8.6% and 9% were wasting and stunting (expected 5%).Overweight rate according to index BMI-for-age was 11.7% (expected 10%). Data analyzed indicated that score physical activity and mean nutritional attitude had significant relationship with index of BMI-for-age in girl's pupils. Conclusion: Overweight, specially wasting and stunting rate in Semnan girl secondary school was high and preventive actions like, make physical activity enjoyable and education to increase nutritional attitude level are necessary to induct.      

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Amitriptyline treatment in opioid withdrawal syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 opium dependent patients who met the DSMIV -TR criteria for opioid dependency were randomly assigned to treat with 'Amitriptyline or placebo during a 25-day double blind clinical trial. Opioid misuse was replaced by oral methadone during a 3 days stabilization period. Methadone was reduced to zero from the beginning of the study to 10th day and Amitriptylin or placebo also was administered. Amitriptylin prescribed as 25 mg tablets or placebo tablets that were completely similar to Amitriptylin tablet prescribed too. Amitriptylin group were prescribed 25 mg tablet per day and placebo tablet too. From second week, drug dosages for both groups were doubled. Rapid detoxification was performed by naloxon after 5 days washout period. The severity of opioid withdrawal and pain was measured by sows and MPQ at days 7/15/17 and 25. Results: There 'was significant difference between Amitriptyline and placebo in reduction of opioid - withdrawal pain and mental symptoms. No significant difference was noted between the two groups on physical symptoms of withdrawal syndromes. Conclusion: Amitriptyline can be considered as an adjuvant drug for opioid withdrawal pain Management.    

Introduction: Protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis is used as anthrax vaccine. Cloning and expression of the PA gene in various strain such as E.coli and Bacillus subtilis was reported that most expression was in B. subtilis up to 160 µg/ml. The objectives of this study were: to clone the gene of PA in an expression vector (pWB980) and then transformation into the B. subtilis WB600 strain. Materials and Methods: The pXO1plasmid was separated from the strain stem of B. anthracis with alcalin method and the PA gene with 2.4kb sequence amplified by PCR. Then the amplified fragment was directly cloned into pTZ57R plasmid as T-vector and transferred into E.coli DH5α using CaCl2 method. After that the gene was separated from the T-vector by enzymatic digestion ( SalI and KpnI ). Ligation between the purified gene fragment of the PA and the vector was carried out. Then it was transferred into B. subtilis WB600by electroporation method in 1000 V. Results: In this study we isolated PA gene nom B. anthracis strain stem with PCR and was cloned into pTZ57R plasmid. The Presence of the gene was confirmed by restriction analysis, PCR and sequencing. Then the PA gene was cloned into pWB980 andB. subtilis and the presence of the gene in two kanamycin resistant colonies (AMN1 and AMN3) was confirmed by restriction analysis and PCR. Conclusion: We may conclude that by making modification in the methods used and using pWB980 expression vector, we were able to clone the PA gene into B. subtilis. This is the first research project in Iran that the PA gene is isolated and cloned and B. subtilis is used as host.      

Introduction: Expression of foreign proteins in mammalian milk is becoming a widespread strategy for high-level production of recombinant pharmaceuticals, especially those with the most complex post-translational modifications. We have attempted in this project to develop transgenic mice harboring a transgene driving mammary gland expression of hybrid human salmon calcionin. Materials and Methods: A milk-specific ovine beta-lactoglobulin (oBLG) promoter was used to drive expression of recombinant calcitonin in mouse milk. A gene construct was generated, consisting of 10.7kbp of the oBLG gene including its promoter and 3' flanking region with the calcitonin coding sequences inserted in-frame into the oBLG fifth exon. The gene construct was purified using CsCl gradient, released from vector, and gel-purified. After appropriate dilution, it was microinjected into recently-fertilized mouse oocytes. These oocytes then were transferred to pseudo-pregnant foster mice. Results: Forty one pups were born from foster mice, which were genotyped using PCR, slot blotting, and Southern blotting. Among 9 mice which showed positive PCR results, 6 mice resulted in pups with positive PCR tests. All six families transmitted the transgene to first and second generation. Conclusion: As the main criteria for considering a mouse as transgenic is transgene transmission to the next generation, all 6 mice which stably transmitted their transgene to progeny are considered as transgenic founders and constitute independent transgenic lines.    

Introduction: Glucose oxidase (GO) has found a variety of industrial applications such as food, chemical and personal care industries. However one of the most important application of GO is used as diagnostic kits. The aim of study was isolation of GO gene from a recombinant vector (PET21aGO) and sub cloning and expression in PKK233-3 vector. Materials and Methods: Recombinant PET21a GO was extracted from E.coli DH5a and was digested with Restriction Enzymes; BamHI, HindIII then isolated GO gene (1.8kb) and cloned in PKK233-3. PKK233-3 GO was transformed in to E.coli DH5α. Results: Our data demonstrated that the GO gene has expected size in agarose gel electrophoresis and also the cloned Go has a correct size after restriction analysis. Conclusion: The GO gene was cloned in prokaryotic host. This is a report of cloning of GO gene in Iran that can be used for further cloning of that gene in expression vectors for production of recombinant Enzyme.      

Introduction: Quercetin is one of the most common forms of flavonoids in foodstuffs, which could have multiple beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system including an induction of vasorelaxation in conductance and resistive vessels. Due to changes in endothelial functionality in diabetes mellitus, there is an enhanced vascular responsiveness to contractile agonists. Therefore, the role of endothelium was evaluated in vasorelaxant effect of quercetin in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, male Wistar rats were divided into control and diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (60 mg/Kg, i.p.) was used. The body weight and serum glucose parameters were determined before and at 2nd and 4th after the experiment. Contractile responsiveness to KCl and noreadrenalin (NA) and quercetin-induced vasorelaxation were measured at the end of study. Results: After 4 weeks, quercetin (1 mM-10 mM) induced a dose-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings precontracted with KCl and\or NA from both control and diabetic groups (p<0.01). Furthermore, this vasorelaxation was significantly attenuated after endothelium removal and at higher concentrations of quercetin (≥ 0.5 and 5 mM for NA and KCl respectively), this vasorelaxation was endothelium-independent. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the flavonoid quercetin exerts endothelium-dependent and -independent effects, and this response depends on flavonoid concentration.

Introduction: Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant which exerts its anticonvulsant effects through adenosine A1 receptors. As the piriform/amygdala is a critical circuit for limbic seizure propagation, in this study the role of amygdala A1 receptors on piriform cortex kindled seizures was investigated. Materials and Methods: Rats were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of piriform cortex. In the first experiment fully kindled animals received intra-amygdala N6-cyc1ohexyladenosine (CHA; 10-500 µM, a selective A1 receptor) or 2% lidocaine (for reversal neuronal inhibition) bilaterally. 5 min later, animals were stimulated and seizure parameters were measured. In the second experiment, the effect of daily microinjection of CHA (100 µM) into the amygdala on piriform cortex kindling rate was investigated. Results: Different doses of CHA had no effect on kindled seizure parameters. On the other hand,intra-amygdala 2% lidocaine reduced the kindled seizures severity. There were significant ncrease in stage 4 latency and decrease in stage 5 duration. Also, daily intra-amygdala CHA had no significant effect on kindling rate. Conclusion: The amygdala neuronal activity has a role in propagation of epileptic seizures from piriform cortex. Elimination of this activity by lidocaine decreases the severity of piriform cortex kindled seizures. However, the amygdala A1 receptors have no role in this regard.        

Introduction: Suitable information of different cancers in special geographic area can define medical programs for treatment and screening of high-risk groups. The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the center of Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 5-year (1998-2002) period among the indigenous population of Semnan province. Materials and Methods: Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology, clinical or radiological findings of patients, and death certificate. Results: A total of 1732 patients with cancers (mean age 59.41±19.08 years) were found during the study. Of these, 936(54.86%) were in males. Crude rate were 124.81100'000 and 112.1/100,000 in males and females, respectively. Age-standardized rate (ASRs) for all cancers in males and females were 156/100'000 and 1361100,000 person-year, respectively. Gastric cancer was the most common tumor with incidence rate of 19.7 per 100,000 people, ASRs=27.5. In UGIC, gastric cancer was the most common (47.17%), colon malignancies (8.1%, 9.5 per 100,000 populations), esophagus (6.8%, 7.9 per 100,000 populations), liver (2.4%, and 2.8 per 100,000 populations). In women breast, uterine and ovary, stomach and skin were the most common cancers respectively. In young ages population the most common tumors were brain, ALL and bone, respectively. Conclusion: Gastric cancer alone constitutes one-fifth of all cancers in Semnan, with the highest incidence rate. The ASR of which is the highest reported from Iran up to now and one of the  highest in the world.    

Introduction: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a rare but important renal disease that can rapidly cause irreparable renal failure. The disease has various causes and hence our attempt to study on prognostic factors of renal failure in these patients. The aim of this study is to find some prognostic factors of progress to end-stage renal failure in patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the patients with proved RPGN, on the basis of renal biopsy results, who had come to the hospital from July 2002 to July 2004, were identified and studied. Some factors including creatinine were measured and kept in records of each patient referred for this study. They were followed-up for 9 months looking for occurrence of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients who reached ESRD in less than 9 months were not followed-up further. Those who were followed-up for less than 9 months or died before that were also excluded. Thus, only 22 patients were included. Results: Incidence of ESRD during the nine months period of followed-up in patients with creatinine level of more than 5.7 mg% was higher that in patients with levels equal to or lower than 5.7 mg%. (91.7% VS 40%, P=0.015). Also, average of creatinine levels upon referral in patients who developed ESRD in the following 9 months were significantly higher that those who did not (6.59 mg% VS 2.75 mg%, P=0.008), which confirms the value of creatinine as a prognostic factor in RPGN patients, as mentioned in previous similar studies. Other prognostic factors did not show any meaningful difference in this study. Conclusion: The above results show that creatinine levels higher that 5.7 mg % upon referral in patients with RPGN can be used as a helpful prognostic factor in prediction of development of ESRD, even despite treatment, in these patients.      

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare congenital bone formation inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The incidence is one per 200000 live births. Major symptoms include delayed ossification of the skull, excessively large fontanels and clavicular hypoplasia or aplasia, allowing the shoulders in front of the chest. Delayed eruption of teeth, high arched palate and wide pelvic joint may also be present. The case was a newborn boy who had admitted in neonatal ward of Ekbatan hospital because of respiratory distress. Anterior and posterior fontanels were completely large and connected.-His shoulders were a little depressed. Chest X ray revealed bilateral clavicular agenesia and skull X-ray failed to demonstrat vortex bone.