Galen Medical Journal
Year:2013 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background: Functional appliances such as Bionator have been used to treat Class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects of Bionator appliances with Multi-P (a newly developed appliance) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.Methods and Materials: 45 Class II children were chosen and randomly assigned to either the Bionator or Multi-P treatment group. After excluding 13 patients from the study, 21 patients in Bionator and 11 patients in Multi-P group have participated in the study. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning (To) and at the end of treatment (T1) to evaluate the changes in both groups. The paired t.test and Leven’s test were enrolled for statistical analysis.Results: Reduction of ANB angle was detected in both treatment groups. The Bionator group underwent insignificant greater mandibular advancement as measured by the SNB angle. (P=0.73) The mandibular plane angle increased insignificantly in both groups. (P>0.05) The inclination of upper incisors decreased significantly in Multi-P group. (P=0.04)Conclusion: Both appliances are effective therapeutic means for Class II treatment associated with mandibular deficiency and may lead to normalization of the dentoskeletal parameters at the end of the treatment.

Background: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is an effective treatment for disc herniations; but some studies demonstrated that in the untreated levels adjacent to a fusion, increased motion might lead to an increased risk of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). On the other hand, methods of cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA) have improved. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the rate of ASD in patients who underwent ACDF or CDA cervical spine surgery.Methods and Materials: This prospective study was performed on 84 patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single-level disc herniation referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran from June 2011 to December 2012. All subjects were randomly allocated to Group A or Group B to undergo ACDF or CDA, respectively. The validated Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire was used to assess the cervicalneck pain.Results: The mean of age in Group A was 51.7±9.1 years and in Group B was 49.3±9.2. The differences in cervical radiculopathy in the two groups were not statistically significant. The difference in mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score in the two groups at each assessment time was statistically significant. Mean NDI score before the surgery was 46.9±6.1 in group A, and 41.3±4.7 in group B. The mean NDI score improved significantly in group B. Twenty-seven of the patients in Group A experienced ASD at 12 months compared to one patient (2.3%) in Group B (P<0.05).Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, CDA leads to reduced VAS and NDI score compared to ACDF. Also increased ASD in ACDF was demonstrated when compared with CDA after 1-year follow-up.

Background: In order to use International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in the Iranian population, a valid and reliable Persian version of this questionnaire is required. To date, this version of IPSS with those characteristics is not available.Methods and Materials: For evaluation of the validity, the original version of IPSS (English version) was translated into Persian and after 3 weeks was re-translated from Persian to English. The new English form was then compared with the original English IPSS form. Internal consistency was calculated. For measurement of reliability, the Persian version of IPSS was used to interview 50 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The difference between results was analyzed with a 3 week interval.Results: There was no significant difference between English translations and internal consistency was 0.7 using Cronbach’s α test. Test-retest reliability was assessed and showed no significant difference between the scores before and after 3 weeks (P value=0.9).Conclusion: Persian version of IPSS was proved to be valid and reliable and can be used as a symptom-based questionnaire for BPH in Iranian population.

Background: Current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. Albucasis, the Muslim Spanish physician in 10 century AD was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. He introduced a type of surgical knife named Mokhdea in his treaties, Al Tasreef that had mobile lancet.Methods and Materials: In this paper, we represent this historical instrument according to Albucasis points of view. Also, this knife was reproduced and finally a modified version of it was suggested for current using according to ancient knowledge.Results: Albucasis presented a retractable surgical knife with figure in the 30th volume of his book, Al Tasreef. According to his description, this instrument was made including blade, clamp and handle. Also, a standardized new scale up surgical knife was suggested. This instrument includes a blade united with a lever that moves throughout a rail in the handle.Conclusion: The idea of making retractable surgical knife dates back to about 1000 years ago; presented by Muslim physician, Albucasis. Also, new presented surgical knife is better compared with current knives because of its comfortable using, safety and scale up.

Background: Obesity is caused by several factors while sedentary lifestyle and excessive energy intake are the most important ones. Obesity could be due to abnormal calcium metabolism, and a high calcium intake may prevent obesity. Studying serum calcium level, albumin, and triglyceride concentrations, we searched for probable correlation between serum calcium level and anthropometric data of the participants.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 in Shiraz Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center on 468 participants.Anthropometrics and serum levels of calcium, albumin, and triglyceride levels were measured, recorded, and analyzed by SPSS statistical software.Results: 329 participants were female (70.3%) and the remaining were male (29.7%) with mean age of 46.08±15.22 years old. Corrected plasma concentration of calcium based on albumin level had a significant relation with weight, BMI, and triglyceride levels.Conclusion: It is assumed that obesity induces the production of inflammatory cytokines which stimulates bone absorption by osteoclasts that might subsequently lead to a higher serum calcium level in obese people who have a high level of triglyceride at the same time.

Background: Acromegaly, a condition which is associated with an acquired progressive disfigurement mainly involving the face and extremities, is a clinical syndrome which results from excessive production of growth hormone (GH) most commonly due to adenoma of the pituitary gland. Acromegaly is a rare disease which due to its slow progression, is mostly diagnosed in late adulthood. Bilateral symmetrical prognathic mandible is considered as a diagnostic symptom of acromegaly. Nowadays, orthognathic surgery is done for treatment of this skeletal deformity; however, because of its relapse after surgery, the efficacy of this procedure remains uncertain.Case report: In this report we present a 33 years old man who was admitted for correction of Prognathism resulted from acromegaly in Bou-Ali Hospital. Class III skeletal growth form was achieved in his cephalometry analysis. Macroglossia, concave profile with prominent supra orbital ridges, prognathism, large lips and bulbous nose were detected in his physical examination. Orthognathic surgery as well as median glossectomy was performed and after 1 year follow up no recurrence was detected.Conclusion: It is assumed that keeping GH in a normal range before the surgery and also evaluation of orthognathic aspect and endocrine status of the patient in the follow ups are effective in preservation of orthognathic surgery outcomes.

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an unusual complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but it is extremely rare after solid organ transplantation such as kidney or liver transplantation Case report: A 48-year-old man, a case of kidney transplantation presented with generalized weakness in an ascending pattern. History and examination were compatible with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and paraclinical studies confirmed this diagnosis. He was treated for Guillain-Barre syndrome but no significant response was observed.Conclusion: Guillain-Barre´ syndrome rarely appears after organ transplantation but it should be considered in a patient presenting with its associated symptoms after transplantation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that affects almost 2.5 million people around the world and with an incidence rate that continues to increase.According to previous studies, the plaques, which are visible in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were common at the junction of cortex and white matter around lateral ventricles, the inferior and posterior horns, and the internal nuclei with no discrepancy between the distributions of plaques of left and right hemispheres.However, it is assumed that in different populations with different social and individual characteristics, the distribution of MS might differ which leads to various reasons like genetic, environment and geographical location.