Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
Year:2002 | Volume:5 | Issue:20|Papers Count:24

History and Objectives: Considering the high incidence of migraine attacks and significance of a knowledge of its pathogenesis and the hypothesis of using serum prolactin level as a marker of its diagnosis, this study was carried out to find out a relationship on referrals of Kerman neuroscience center. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 20 cases with a definite diagnosis of migraine and 20 cases with non-migraine headache according to HIS criterion. Blood prolactin level was measured before attacks and drug consumption and during attacks and data were statistically analyzed. Results: Out of 40 patients, case group had a reduction in prolactin level from 5.3 ± 3.7to 4.4 ± 2.4 and control group had a reduction from 5.7 ± 2.9 to 5.4 ±3.4. In addition, the difference was not significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was not any increase in serum prolactin during acute attacks of migraine. It is recommended to conduct more studies for evaluation of increased dopaminergic activity as a key causative factor of migraine.    

History and Objectives: Head traumas are the main causative factor of mortality in human society and its most critical form is the fractures of basal cranium. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the symptoms and complications in 100 cases of basal cranium fractures and its 6-month follow-up in rahnemoun hospital in Yazd in 1997. Material and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional protocol of this study was carried out on selected patients. In this respect, history taking, clinical examinations, radiographic evaluation, and computer-assisted tomography without contrast was performed. Then, they were followed up for a 6-month period with monthly examination. Treatment results, especially the occurrence of meningitis (through LP) and the role of cranial nerves were analyzed statistically using Mc Nemar test. Results: The most frequent occurrence was that from male patients with an age range of 10-29 years (26%), the most common causative factor was that from motorcycle accidents (45%), the most frequent complaint was nose bleeding (60%), the most common cranial nerve damage was those from 8th (35%) and 1st nerve. After a 6- month follow-up, there was an involvement rate of21.7% for 8th nerve and the best treatment result was for 1st nerve (26.5%) (P<0.001).In addition, 4% out of the patients was afflicted with meningitis. Conclusion and Recommendations: Since there are little complications for meningitis and there is no indication for antibiotic administration for fractures of basal cranium, therefore, it is recommended to design and conduct an experimental study in this field.    

History and Objectives: Since the fungus Kumbuja contains various useful chemicals and the significance of treatment of open wounds and for evaluation of the effect of this fungus, this study was conducted in laboratory of anatomy of Shaheed Beheshti Univ. Med. Sci. in 1998. Material and Methods: The experimental strategy of this study was carried out on 70 male adult rats in two groups, i.e control and experimental groups. Then, each group was divided into 3 sub-groups according to duration of study (4, 7, and 15 days). The experimental group received the fungus Kumboja for a period of 30 days and control group received tap water. Then, a wound was created in the skin. At the end of study, two samples of skin were taken. After histological processing, number of fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils were counted. In addition, tensile strength of the tissue was calculated. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Number of fibroblasts in control and experimental groups were 88 ±10.9 and 103.6 ±13.5 respectively. The increase of fibroblasts at 4th day (p<0.05), the decrease of neutrophils (p<0.01), and the increase of tensile strength (P<0.05) at 7th day was significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is concluded that consumption of this fungus can accelerate healing of open wound in rats and it is recommended to conduct more studies for isolation of its effective chemicals and its applicability in human beings.      

History and Objectives: Considering the importance of correctness of laboratory results in correct and prompt diagnosis of disorders and the existence of different methods and the existence of concerns among patients and physicians, this study was conducted on to evaluate the correctness of the results of biochemical, serological, and endocrine tests in Kashan laboratories from 1998to 1999. Material and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was carried out on all; of the Kashan laboratories. For this purpose, standard solutions for glucose, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride were purchased from Biomerix Company and serum samples were collected from patients with thyroid disorders and for serological tests, Right's positive sample was collected. Then samples were transferred to the laboratories in similar conditions. Results: This study was conducted on 3842 tests from 12 laboratories and 82% out of them participated in the study. The correctness for hormonal, serological, and biochemical was 90.3%, 55%, and 55% respectively. The most precise results were those from T4 test (96.5%), Right's test (77.8%), and BUN (61.58%). In addition, the most precise results were those from Land H laboratories and the least precise result was that from B laboratory. Conclusion and Recommendations: The correctness of laboratory results was low and it is recommended to carry out more experimental studies in this respect.    

History and Objectives: Considering the significance of plasma osmolality as an appropriate indicator of water and electrolyte balance, its importance as a stimulus, and the extent of its difference with real osmolality, this study was carried out to determine plasma osmolality and its measurement in infants under fluid therapy in selected hospitals in Isfahan. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional protocol of this study was carried out on 45 infants at an age of 1-10 days in wards of special care for infants. Plasma osmolality was measured using direct method and also through measuring sodium, potassium, glucose, and BUN concentrations. Then, paired t-test was applied regarding weight and degree of attention. Results: The measured osmolality was 260±579 1.84 mosmol/Kg and was significantly different from the predicted one. These findings were also correct for infants with weights higher than 2500 g. Conclusion and Recommendations: The above-mentioned method can correctly measure plasma osmolality as direct method. It is concluded to use in order of importance direct method and then mathematical method for measurement of plasma osmolality.      

History and Objectives: An appropriate mental function is required for optimum performance in every age. There are evidences on the relationship between intestinal infection and effective mental performance. This study was carried out to determine the incidence of infection due to intestinal parasites and its relationship with mental performance in students of Rob at Karim region from 1998 to 1999. Materials and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on 268 girls and 332 boys with an age range of 6-12 years. For sampling, cluster method was applied on 128 schools in the region. After examination of feces using direct and ether methods, 150 contaminated children were chosen as case group and 150 healthy children were selected as control. Both group were similar regarding sociological, economical, cultural, and nutritional status. For evaluation of mental performance, coding, arithmetic, digit-span forward/backward and fluency tests were used.Results: The incidence rate of contamination was 28.7% and arithmetic marks of control, cases with protozoal and/or helminthic infection was 8.44 ±2.59, 7.9 ±2.73, and 7.67 ±2.45 respectively. In addition, the groups were similar regarding coding, but tluence was 4.61± 2.46, 4.79±2.59, and 4.33± 2.5 respectively (P<0.03). Mental performance was 7.82 ±, 2.78 and 6 5 ±2.92 respectively (P<0.004).The most common form of parasites among children was Giardia lamrlia. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is concluded that healthy students have a higher mental performance and it is recommended to treat cases with parasitic contamination.    

History and Objectives: The presence of mental problems among personnel of industrial factories is one of the major problems. Since there is little information on mental problems and its effect on performance, this study was carried out on personnel of Hamid porcelain factory in Kashan. Material and Methods: The descriptive protocol of this study was performed on all of the personnel in two stages. At first stage, after taking letter of satisfaction, GHQ test was applied with cutting marks of 21 and 22 for male and female individuals respectively, and suspected ones were selected for diagnostic interview and then DSMIV criteria were applied. Results: This study was conducted on 145 cases and the incidence rate for mental abnormality was 34.5%. In order of prevalence, the disturbances were as follows: global anxiety (MDD), major depression (MDD), Dysthymic Disorder (DD), and double depression. The incidence was greater with increasing age, knowledge, and lack of interest. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a serious incidence of mental disorder among personnel and with regard to its prognosis and complications, it is recommended to carry out similar studies in other factories. In addition, it is recommended to consider the interacting factors in the development of such disorders.      

History and Objectives: Considering the importance of respiratory changes following neurosurgical operations in patients under general anesthesia and with regard to its basis (reduction of arterial PCO2,this study was conducted in Taghavi hospital in Kashan from 19998 to 1999. Materials and Methods: The semi-experimental strategy of this study was carried out on 113 referrals of operation room. Then, the parameters EtCO2, SPO2, and RR were determined in addition to type of operation, and its duration. Results: Out of 113 patients, 70 cases (61.9%) were male and 43 cases (38.1%) were female and they had an age range of 0-75 years with the highest frequency greater than 40 years. Level of parameters was greater in men than women. In addition, EtCO2, SPO2, and RR in cases with an age greater than 40 years were less than from cases with an age range 20-40 years. As it is expected, the changes were greater for operations longer than 2 h in relation to operation less than this duration. Meanwhile, the observed differences were significant statistically. Conclusion and Recommendations: A significant change was observed in respiratory indices following neurosurgical operations and its differences were dependent on position, duration and type of surgery. Therefore, it is recommended to continually monitor respiratory parameters through capnography and ABG and to conduct more studies in this field.      

History and Objectives: Exited sewage following mechanical methods contains pathogenic agents. Therefore, swage clearance with chlorine and other compounds is necessary. It has been reported that in fixation ponds with regard to a long-time standing, there is a high rate of clearance and there is no need of additional clearance and this reduces the costs. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the clearance rate of fecal coliforms in fixation ponds of Shoosh sewage refinery in Tehran in 1999. Materials and Methods: The semi-experimental strategy of this study was carried out on integrated stabilization pond in all of the seasons using two feeding sewage methods The system is a combination of anaerobic and facultative ponds and then two high-performance and complementary with a total time of 20 days. Sampling was done every two weeks from inlet and outlet sewage and number of fecal coliforms was counted and data were analyzed statistically. Results: It was found out that clearance rate of fecal coliforms was greater in spring than other seasons (99.97%) and was rather great in winter (greater than 99.5%). This indicates the high performance of the system for clearance of pathogenic agents from sewage. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is concluded that combinational tixation ponds have an appropriate performance for clearance of pathogenic agents. Feeding through upward current can increase the performance, as does the facultative pond. It is recommended to carry out more studies in this field.    

History and Objectives: Considering the high frequency of the scorpion Mesobuthuseupeus in Iran and the critical significance of its biting, this study was carried out to determine its distribution pattern using rock-rolling and black light trapping methods in Kashan from 2000 to 2001. Materials and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was carried out on 29 places in Kashan and with 44 sampling using rock-rolling and black light trapping methods in Kashan from 2000 to 2001. Results: Out of 29 locations, 44 sampling were done and a total of 239 scorpions were trapped. In this respect, 227 (95%) out of them were trapped using rock-rolling method and 18 samples (5%) were collected using black light method. The average rate of sampling was 5.43. The average was 7.56 for rock-rolling method and 1.28 for black light method. Conclusion and Recommendations and Recommendations: It was found out that in mountainous locations, more scorpion is trapped using rock-rolling method and the scorpion Mesobuthuseupeusin is mainly lithophilic and psammoghilic.  

History and Objectives: Considering the high incidence of breast cancer and its known prognosis and the existence of controversies on the role of patient's age, tumor malignancy, and its prognosis, this study was carried out on referrals of Mostafa Khomeini, Shohadayeh Tajrish, and Loghman Hakim from 1993 to 1999. Material and Methods: The case-control strategy of this study was conducted on 200 patients with breast cancer. In this respect, 100 cases with lymphatic involvement and tumor size greater than2.5 Cm were selected as bad prognosis (cad\se group) and 100 cases were selected as good prognosis (control). Then, their age was determined and tumor malignancy was determined using Bloom-Richardson criteria and they were selected as I, II, and III groups. For statistical analysis, student's t-test and X2 test were applied and O.R. was determined for patients and population Results: This study was conducted on 200 patients in control (n = 100) and case (n = 100) groups. The age of control and case groups was 42.5 ±8.8 and 53.4 ±12.2 years respectively with a difference of 11 years between them. (P<0.001).In addition, it was found out that breast cancer at ages greater than 50 years increases the risk of malignancy 17-fold. Meanwhile, malignancy type III relative to type I is more effective for the development of malignancy (5.6-fold) (P<0.0005) Conclusion and Recommendations: It is concluded that age and malignancy play an essential role in the development of tumors with bad prognosis. It is recommended to apply preventive measures for known malignancies.  

History and Objectives: Considering the incidence of essential depression in patients with physical complaints and lack of precise information in this field, this study was conducted in Akhavan hospital in 1999. Material and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was carried out on 300 male and female patients. All of the hospitalized patients were randomly divided into control (n = 150) and case (n = 150) groups and their personal characteristics were recorded. Then, Beck test was applied and for those patients with marks higher than 11, a psychiatric interview was arranged according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The statistical X2 test was used for analysis. Results: Case group consists of 35 male and 115 female patients and control group comprised of 83 male and 67 female patients. The highest frequency was that from women with an approximate age of 40 years. The incidence of essential depression was 80% and 27.3% incase and control groups respectively. The most common complaints were those from head and neck (35.5%), musculoskeletal (33.7%), gastrointestinal (18.4%), and cardiovascular and respiratory (12.4%) systems. In addition, there was a relationship between essential depression and physical complaint (P<0.0001). Conclusion and Recommendations: With regard to the high incidence of essential depression, it is recommended to conduct more studies in this field.  

History and Objectives: Considering the role of episiotomy in normal parturituion and the existence of different views on its sterilization, this study was carried out on episiotomy wound healing in referrals of Ziaian hospital in 1998. Material and Methods: The clinical trial strategy of this study was conducted on 100 cases. They were randomly divided into betadine (n = 50) and water (n = 50) groups and were similar regarding age, weight to height ratio, health status, head periphery, labor duration, number of sutures, and type of method. The efficacy was determined according to wound healing, redness, infection, and suture absorption at first, fifth, and tenth days post-operation. Results: Patients were similar regarding personal, sociological, and disorder status. Swelling less than 1Cm at first and fifth days was 56% and 60% in betadine group and 46% and 62% in water group. Swelling less than 1Cm at tenth day was 68% in betadine group and 40% in water group. Redness less than 3 mm was 60%, 46%, and 68% respectively, but it was 60%, 38%, and 66% in water group. Absorption of skin stitches at tenth day was 46% in betadine group and 52% in water group. There were no signs of wound opening and infection in both groups. There were no significant differences between the above-mentioned criteria. Conclusion and Recommendations: Betadine has no effect on wound healing after episiotomy and there is no indication for its usage.  

History and Objectives: Considering the increasing incidence of tuberculosis and its high rate of mortality and complications, this study was carried out to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical signs and drug complications in Loghman Hakim hospital in Tehran from 1993 to 1996. Materials and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this regard, their history was taken, clinical signs were recorded, and the tests Alk-Ph, SGOT, SGPT, PT, ESR, PPD, CBC, billirubin, and uric acid were done until the end of study. Data for drugs side-effects were analyzed using Mc-Nemar test. Results: Out of 190 patients, 51%were male and 49% were female. Cases with an age less than 5 years had the least incidence and cases with a greater than 66 years had the highest incidence. In addition, 56.3% out of patients had pulmonary tuberculosis. The most important clinical signs were fever (82%), cough and sputum (62.5%), nightly perspiration (20%), respiratory distress (16%), and bloody sputum (11.2%). Meanwhile, 44.2% out of them had positive smear of sputum, 32.1% had positive biopsy and for 33.6%, diagnosis was made according to clinical and X-ray findings. 90% out of the cases had normal CBC, 94% had a high CRP, 69% had a high ESR, 17% had a negative PPD and 25.8% showed an increase in SGOT and SGPT after treatment. Bilirubin level also increased up to 8.4% after treatment and in 7.6% out of them there was abnormal PT after treatment. Conclusion and Recommendations: Considering the elevated level of hepatic enzymes in patients with tuberculosis and under treatment, especially in those with an old age, it is recommended to choose appropriate treatment according to hepatic toxicity.    

History and Objectives: Considering the various report on incidence of Streptococcus type-B in rectum and its role in premature infantile infection and lack of information in the region and for determination of its prevalence in pregnant women, this study was carried out in Shabihkhani hospital in Kashan in 2000. Material and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on 400 pregnant women at a gestational age greater than 35 weeks. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed for collection of data including age, occupation, academic history, nationality, inhabitation, multiparous state, number of abortion, labor type, and antibiotic consumption. Sampling from rectum was done using a sterile swab. Then, it was cultured in special medium, and isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests. All of the infants up to 48 h after labor and those from mothers with signs of positive colonization up to one week were followed up. From the latter group, sampling was done and the related bacteria were identified. For statistical analysis, X2 and Fischer tests were used. Results: Out of 400 samples from rectum, 30 cases (7.5%) with streptococcus type-B and in 2 cases (6.7%) from mothers with positive culture were identified. In addition, there was a relationship between streptococcal type B rectal colonization and premature infantile premature infection (P=0.0055). Conclusion and Recommendations: Considering a 7.5% incidence of this bacterium in rectum and its relationship with type-B streptococcal rectal colonization and premature infections and its complications, it is recommended to conduct more studies in pregnant women.          

History and Objectives: Rodents act as a repository of many common diseases of human beings and this leads to economical and health problems. Considering the different incidence of parasitic contamination of mice and rats in Iran, this study was carried out to determine the incidence of intestinal parasites in Kashan in 1997. Material and Methods: The descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on 120 domestic and wild mice. They were randomly trapped and after anesthesia, the worms of their intestinal tract were isolated, fixed in 10%formalin, and stained. Data were then analyzed statistically Results: Contamination rate of wild and domestic mice for intestinal parasites in the region was 79.2%. It was 75.9% for Merionus libicus, 54.8% for Rombomis epimus, 100% for Gerbilus nanus, 100%for Jaculus balenfordi, 94% for Ratus, and 85.7% for Mouse musculus. In this study 6 species of nematodes, 4 species of cystodes, and 4 species of intestinal protozoa were identified. The common parasites for human and rodents were Syphacia obvelata (34.2%), Aspicularis tetraptera (142%), Humanolyps nana fraterna (10.8%), H. diminuta (42%), Congylonema (1.7%), and Trichuris muris (1.7%). In this regard the rare cystode Meggittina was isolated for the first time in Iran. Conclusion and Recommendations: Contamination rate for common parasites was rather high in the region. Therefore, it is essential to consider rodents as a repository of intestinal parasites, defense against it, and health training programs for its control and prevention.    

History and Objectives: Considering the incremental incidence of lumbar pain and the existence of epidemiological controversies and its known complications following inappropriate treatment and for determination characteristics of the patients, this study was conducted on patients with lumbar pain in Shaheed Beheshti hospital in Kashan from 1998 to 1999. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on existing data on patients with lumbar pain and their characteristics including gender, age, occupation, and cause to refer were recorded and were described statistically. Results: This study was performed on patients (n = 100) with lumbar pain (54% male and 46% female). Out of the total, 77% were at an age range of20-60 years and 44% were at an age range of20-39 years. In addition, 43 out of them have had occupations requiring long-time standing and 41% out of them have had occupations needing extreme physical activity. Intervertebral hernia was the most common causative factor of lumbar pain (58%). Conclusion and Recommendations: Since most of the patients with lumbar pain are at an age range of 20-60 years and the majority of them have extreme physical activity, it is recon1mendedto evaluate the effect of training and related devices.    

History and Objectives: Hodgkin's disease is a disorder of lymphoid tissues. And is the most common malignancies among adults. Since infection is a causative factor, this study was carried out on two patients from a family in Shaheed Beheshti hospital in Kashan in 1999. The first patient was a 18-year man with chest pain, respiratory distress, weakness, weight loss and nightly perspiration and the second patient was his 12-year sister with weakness, weight loss, and respiratory distress. The definite diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was done according to biopsy. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was much evidence for infection and genetic History as causative factors. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to avoid contacts between individuals and to prevent the development of the disorder.