JOURNAL OF RESISTANCE LITERATURE (SCOLARY RESEARCH)
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:20|Papers Count:7

1. Introduction: In the contemporary era, Iran and the Arab world faced bloody events such as the Constitutional Revolution against the Qajar tyrants, Islamic Revolution Against tyrannical regime of Pahlavi, Holy Defense during Iraq's Imposed War Against Iran, occupation of Arab countries by Western colonialism, successive Arab revolutions to gain independence and freedom, Zionist occupation of Palestine, affliction of Arab states with treacherous governments and Western colonial rule, all of which have been reflected in the literature of both nations. Among contemporary Iranian poets, Nasrullah Mardani and among contemporary Arab poets, Badawi al-Jabal, have referred to the political and social crises in their societies and defended their nations in their words as weapons and have called them to resist the oppression of tyrannical and aggressive colonialists...

1. Introduction: Considering that no work-especially, falling within fictional literature, written just months after the beginning of the war-containing the human view of war from the first literary reactions (1359) to the first half of the 90s has been under a careful step-by-step analysis, the significance of this study is undeniable considering the present gap. 2. Methodology: The present study is based on a descriptive-analytical method, using library resources containing the human view of war and its evolution during the war and the subsequent years in fictional literature...

1. Introduction: From long ago, letters have served people as a great, substantial communication resource and an efficient tool. They have also helped people in communicating with each other and conveying their desires and thoughts to others. Letters can be considered as the most important tool for conveying thoughts and opinions as they could save people from dissociability and redeem them from mental isolation. Letter writing is a process in which a communication is formed between two or more people by sending a paper work for a person to another or others. Letter writing can be accomplished in any subject. In primitive age, letter writing was done in paper, but today, with the improvement of technology and invention of tools, such as computer, internet, cell phones, etc., letter writing in paper and traditional correspondence have faded and have partly given their way to these tools...

Religious epic collections have less been the focus of scholars, despite the fact that a high number of them exist in Persian. Perhaps one of the reasons may be that they are not well recognized among the literati. During the history of Persian literature, various religious epic collections have existed with different subjects, like special religious events, the wars of the beginning of Islam, the biography and life style of religious clergymen and other recognized religious figures. One of the subjects that religious literati had special attention to is Mokhtar Ibn-e Abi Obeydeh Thaqafi’ s biography and retellings about his uprising to avenge the Karbala catastrophe and its martyrdoms. In these religious collections, Mokhtar’ s uprising and his persistence in getting his revenge from the murderers of Imam Hossein has been depicted through epic poetics and in imitation of Ferdowsi’ s Shahnameh. Most of these collections are manuscripts that are kept in libraries. The aim of this study was to present a general introduction to Mokhtarnameh collections in Persian literature through library research and documentation. In this study, four religious epic collections on the uprising of Mokhtar Thaqafi were introduced, among which Negahi Arani-Kashani’ s Mokhtarnameh was the oldest, dated back to the tenth century A. H...

1. Introduction: Myths are collective dreams that, as a result of many years of similar experiences of human ancestors, have deposited in the deep layers of human's collective unconscious. They have risen from the depths of human's existence in various forms such as religious ceremonies, individual dreams, art and literature and they have created symbols that manifest the whole nature of human being, creation and human history. One of the most important points of connection between modern poetry and Persian classic poetry is its use of myth and symbol to pay for poetic concepts because the language of myth and symbol makes the poem rich, prominent and enduring. Myths and mythical symbols are one of the most important tools in modern Persian poetry, through which the poet can express various goals and in addition to increasing the charm and spirit of poetry, the poet indirectly expresses what he or she cannot or does not want to express clearly...

1. Introduction: Works devoted to resistance literature are often portrayed as a form of orientation against invading the homeland or obstacles on the way of national-religious ideals realization. In the meantime, the homeland in the poems of some poets finds meaning in a broader level than their community, city, and geographical area. Geography is an area that is divided according to several factors such as climate, land surface, religion, etc. Therefore, it can be said that resistance geography encompasses the level, scope and geographical area in which poets or writers, in their poetry or prose, defend the oppressed peoples of that country against foreign invasive forces or tyrant rulers. Ali Mohammed Mo'addab is one of the poets who has chosen resistance as the theme of his poetry in its national and transnational dimension and his poetic thoughts and emotions are influenced by world events around him. Given the influence of resistance literature on the general culture of society and the fact that Ali Mohammed Mo'addab has devoted a considerable portion of his poetry to resistance themes, it is important to read and examine these poems in greater depth...

1. Introduction: One of the long-standing subjects in the Islamic world is the issue of Palestine and its occupation by Israel and committing various crimes against Palestinians, especially their children. The Palestinians' state of being oppressed and the incomparable resistance of Palestinian children against these unfair behaviors have been reflected in various forms in the work of poets around the world. Latif Halmat (Helmet), the poet of resistance in Iraqi Kurdistan, is among the poets who has a transnational view, and has focused on Palestinian children regardless of his territorial framework, Kurdistan. Having made use of his literary power, he has portrayed their sufferings, martyrdom and bravery in his childlike poems and he has used all the potentials of Kurdish poetry to express Palestinians' state of being oppressed and their resistance. The present article seeks to describe the Palestinian children's image in Halmat’ s poetry from a structural and content perspective using a descriptive-analytical method...