زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
سال:1389 | دوره:6 | شماره:2 |تعداد مقالات:13

This research was carried out in order to evolution effect of seed priming on seedling growth of Pupmkin, in Islamic Azad University, shoushtar Branch, Iran, in 2008. The experimental design was factorial arranged in a completely randomized design; with 3 replications. The first factor was seed priming(15% and 25%PEG solution, 0.25 and 0.35 KNO3 solution and hydropriming) and the second factor was salt treatment (0, 4 and 6 ds/m). Results showed that salt stress decreased Pupmkin seedling dry weight and shoot K+ concentration but increased The shoot Na+ concentration. Results showed under saline condition Pupmkin seed priming by KNO3 solution (0.25 and 0.35 mol/L) increased seedling dry weight, shoot K+ concentration, solute carbohydrate and proline concentration but decreased shoot Na+ concentration in this treatment compared to other seeds pretreatment.

Organotin compounds usually have extensive application in different industries. Ofcourse some of them are toxic and have different effects on environment. the compounds may have bad damage on brain, eyes, immune systems of body, lungs and skin. Main application of these compounds work as fungicides and anticancer drugs. Tricyclohexyl-stannanyl-triazole is an insecticide and fungicide in chemical- agricultural industries. These compounds work as insecticides and effects on fruits like grape, cotton, vegetables and these compounds produced with many methods in the worlds. It is not produced in iran up to now. So production of these compounds in iran is important. In this paper above insecticide and fungicide mentioned compound produced from an improved method. For production of this compound, in first from griniyard reaction between cyclohexyl chloride and magnesium an intermediate material called cyclohexylmagnesium chloride produced and then from a reaction with tetracyclohexyltin the compound called tricyclohexyltrichlorid produced. In the next stage by hydrolyzing of this compound with NaOH another compound called tricyclohexyltin hydroxid produced that this compound by reacting with 1,2,4-triazol another compound called tricyclohexylastanyl triazol produced.

The present study was performed with use of Esfehan variety in the research field of Arak Azad university in the 2009 agricultural years. This experiment was performed in factorial split plot in randomize complete block design in 4 Replication and 48 plot. Treatment included two planting date 10 may and 10 July (delayed plant) and different level of N include (46,92,138)kg per hectare and two plant density included 400.000 and 800.000 plant per hectare that 800.000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting. the result of this study showed that the highest yield of the 821.17 oil per hectare was related to the treatment of date of planting 10 may with 92 kg N and plant density of 800.000 per hectare. Also, the lowest yield of 444.42 kg/h was related to the date of planting 10 may with 92 kg N and 400.000 plant density per hectare, There fore, plant density has very influence on the yield of safflower. So, according to the result, 800.000 plant density in per hectare has direct effect on the yield of safflower rather than 400.000 plant density.

In order to evaluation of genetic variation in segregation population (307 F5-plants), which are upshot of mating of Azar2 with 87-Zhong291 cultivars, we planted these lines in Augmented design with four check varieties (Toos, Shahriyar, Sardari and Azar2 and 87-Zhong291 line). These check varieties planted in RCBD design with 6 replication and lines sat between these check varieties in the separated rows, we used toos check varieties as a general check in the first, middle and last replication. For germination of grains, we irrigated the farm just one time for sprouting. Within and end of growth season we measured some agronomic and morphological characters in both vegetative and reproductive stages such as Plant height, Grain yield, Spikelet accumulation etc. After adjusting the data, according to Stepwise regression around of 50 percent of variety between genotypes for Seed yield result of traits variety such as Biological yield, Number of seed in main spike and Day to flowring (except Harvest index as a predictors). According to multiple statistics methods like Factor analysis recognizing seven factores such as Seed yield, Plant height, Length of peduncle, Spikelet accumulation, Harvest index, Weight of 100 seed and Number of mature tiller. Cluster analysis with using of mean of datas method had done and at last 106 variable lines in 14 groups confirmed and finally 4 most grain yield had selected.

Some plant species have been the ability to resist environmental stress conditions, so with their mechanism were prevented further production of reactive oxigen species (ROS). The first step in implementing phytoremediation strategy is identifying plant species that are resistant to heavy metals and also to identify factors that increase the resistance of plants against heavy metal toxicity conditions for successful phytoremediation. Accordingly, to investigate the role of biological fertilizers, superabsorbent and humic acid on physiological characteristics of annual medics, an experiment was done in 2009 in factorial design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The first factor was levels of Cadmium [0-40 -80 mg /kg soil cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and the second factor included treatments (application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer) separately and combined with 16 levels. Results showed in control treatment, total chlorophyll content and MDA under cadmium toxicity decreased. with increasing concentrations of cadmium activity of SOD (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased.which were prevented further production of reactive oxigen species (ROS) in Medicago scutellata plant. The correlation between the capacity of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activity were positive. This means that with increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) (SOD) and (CAT) activity increased.with increasing cadmium concentration chlorophyll a, b and a + b content decreased. This reduction was observed in the highest cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil CdCl2). In b2 [application plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] and b8 [application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)+mycorrhiza fungi ] treatments reduced synthesis of chlorophyll was lower than the control treatment.b5 [application super absorbent polymer+plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] and b9 [application Humic acid+plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] treatments had the lowest SOD and CAT activity. This could be due that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria through another mechanism, such as proline production, are coping with reactive oxigen species (ROS). Also in this treatments malondialdehyde content was lower than control treatment. This result indicates that with decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation decreased and ROS production also decreases.