Journal of Molecular and Cellular Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Astrazon Red GTL is one of chemical dyes that vastly used in various industries. According to effects of this dye, treatment of wastewater containing Astrazon Red GTL is vital. According to previous researches, suspended microorganisms reactor is one of economically methods. suspended biofilm microorganisms reactor can reach to optimal efficiency in suitable retention time. In this research, for the first time, two cylindrical reactor was used and a new reactor was designed and called as "circulating feed biofilm reactor". Every of these cylindrical reactors had 2. 75 litter volume, 10 cm area and 35 cm height. In this research "circulating feed biofilm reactor" was used for growing of mixed culture microorganism containing Bacillus and Aeromonas. This reactor was used for treatment of Astrazon Red GTL wastewater. In "circulating feed reactor", two independent variables including retention time and input concentration of pollutant were measured and the effect of each variable were studied on the removal of dye. Following that, modeling and determining the optimum conditions for operating the FB/FFMBBR was carried out based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum condition occurred at retention time of 6. 21 h and input dye concentration of 74. 77 mg/l. Based on this research, retention time has the greatest impact on the removal efficacy of this biological system.

The extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a bacterial system could be a probable approach, avoiding using destructive chemicals. The aim of this study was the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and comparison of their antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcescens. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was done using novel strains of alkalophile Isoptericola variabilis sp. IRSH1 and waste agriculture. AgNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their synthesis were optimized by experimental design using response surface methodology (RSM). The antibacterial activities of the silver nanoparticles were examined by the standard Kirby– Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller– Hinton agar plates. The results showed the optimized silver nanoparticles were formed with an average size of 77. 30 nm and 0. 45 polydispersity index (PDI). The antibacterial property of the nanoparticles increased with their increasing concentrations and the maximum inhibition zones against B. cereus and S. marcescens were found 9. 66 mm and 10. 66 mm in 3000 µ g/ml concentration of silver nanoparticles, respectively. In despite of reducing the density of AgNPs from 3000 µ g/ml concentration to 500 and 100 µ g/ml concentrations, antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and S. marcescens were still visible. Consequently, the biosynthesized AgNPs has efficient antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. marcescens. The results indicate that S. marcescens is approximately five times sensitive more than B. cereus to silver nanoparticles.

Nowadays, antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major challenge for human health. These new emerging resistances cause ineffectiveness of antibiotics and raising the severity of diseases and treatment costs. One of the most abundant antibiotic resistances is beta lactam antibiotic resistance, especially penicillin and cephalosporin resistances. In most cases, a converting enzyme, named beta lactamase is involved. These enzymes hydrolase the beta lactam-containing antibiotics. Based on Ambler classification, and with regard to their amino acid sequence similarities, these enzymes are classified to four groups; A, B, C and D. In the current study, among 13842 structures, we employed the molecular docking method in virtual screening process to select the potent and effective inhibitors against beta lactamase CTX-M-9 from E. coli. The structures with the lowest free binding energy were conducted to molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Our molecular modeling analysis demonstrates that a compound with Drug-Bank ID of DB01753 has ideal characteristics as potent beta lactamase CTX-M-9 inhibitor. After the 50 ns MD studies, DB01753 interacted with beta lactamase residues Ser 237, Asn 104, Glu 166, Ser 274 and Tyr 105 via hydrogen bonding. MM/PBSA analysis showed that the free energy of binding between DB01753 and beta lactamase was-111. 5 kJ. mol-1. Also, ADME analysis exhibited that all pharmaco-kinteic parameters were in reasonable range.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a soil-borne, gram negative bacterium which induces hariy root disease in plants. A DNA sequence in the bacterial plasmid called T-DNA (transferred DNA) is transferred in to the plant genome upon infection. T-DNA carries the rooting-locus (rol) genes: rolA, rolB and rolC. Somme plants also contain, naturally, the homologues of rol genes. In this study, the effects of bacterial rolC gene and its homologous in tobacco, trolC, was evaluated in transgenic plants in a completely randomized design experiment with 3 replications. The expression of rolC and trolC genes in transgenic tobacco seedlings was under the control of dexamethasone inducible promoter. Different concentrations of dexamethasone (0, 1, 3, 10 and 30 µ M) were used in order to induce the expression of transgenes. Our results showed that the presence of only very low quantity of dexamethasone (1µ M) in the culture medium induces the expression of genes and affect significantly the growth of seedlings. Phenotypically, the length of seedlings was shorter in both transgenic plants than control and the roots of transgenic seedlings were twisted and the leaves were smaller and pale green. Since these characteristics are present in both transgenic seedlings, we can conclude that the bacterial rolC gene has preserved its ancestral function after insertion into the plant genome during evolution.

Ajowan (Carum copticum) has been considered as an important medicinal plant because it contains many alkaloids such as Thymol. In vitro culture of Ajowan provides new tissue sources such as callus, cell suspension and seedlings to produce secondary metabolites. The present study describes callus production optimization procedures experiment that was a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design at three levels with four explants (root, shoot, leaf and coleoptile) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0. 25, 0. 5 and 1 mg/l) and 2, 4-D(2, 4 and 8 mg/l). Comparison of means showed that the maximum callus production was obtained from shoot explants, the coleoptile and leaf explants were in the second orders. In overall, 0. 25 mg /l BAP with 2 mg 2, 4-D mg/l concentrations proved to be optimal for the production of maximum callus induction.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem and human health treat. Honey is a unique food product containing bioactive compounds derived from bees and plants. These bioactive compounds are related to antimicrobial activity and enable to destroy or inhibit growth of some pathogenic microorganisms. Ciprofloxacin is a member of fluroquinolones that used against infections caused by E. coli. The aim of this research was to study the antimicrobial activity of honey alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin on E. coli mutant strain with increased AcrAB-TolC pump expression. Agar dilution method was used to measure minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC of honey was 70% and 80% in wild type and mutant strain, respectively. Honey in concentration lower than MIC in combination with ciprofloxacin caused 60% and 50% decrease in MIC of ciprofloxacin in wild type and mutant strain, respectively. In conclusion, although honey possesses antimicrobial activity alone, its combination with ciprofloxacin increases this activity.

The relationship between agronomic traits and molecular markers in rice using 21 and 144 characters band consists of 10 pairs of markers in 59 genotypes of rice were studied. Irrigation was performed as flooding in both environments, normal and drought from transplanting to a maximum of tillering. Then, to create tension, 40 days after transplanting (the maximum tillering) by the end of the season to 25 days. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) detected for ISSR-7 with 0. 49 and lowest PIC were recorded for ISSR-2, ISSR-8, ISSR-9 and ISSR-10 markers with 0. 47. The Based on regression analysis of molecular data and morphological traits, 70 and 72 alleles were distinguished for normal condition and drought conditions for morphological traits, respectively. The highest positive Markers (6 alleles) belong to flag leaf width in normal conditions and flag leaf width, number of filled grains, number of grains per panicle and yield have the highest positive markers (9 alleles) in drought conditions. ISSR6-7, ISSR10-11, ISSR7-4, ISSR1-7 ISSR2-5, ISSR8-9, ISSR4-8, ISSR1-5, ISSR1-2, ISSR5-1 explained phenotypic variations of days to flowering in normal conditions (20%). ISSR2-8, ISSR9-ISSR1-6, ISSR10-8, ISSR10-10, ISSR3-1 explained phenotypic variations of grain yield in drought conditions (17%). Some of the markers related to several traits. The result of this study will provide useful information for indirect selection of traits associated.

Pectinases, as a large group of enzymes, catalysis break down of pectin to smaller molecules including galacturonic acid, and they are widely produced by many microorganisms. Nowadays, abundant waste from agriculture and fruit processing industries including sugar beet pulp, apple and citrus pomace as rich source of pectin are employing to induce pectinase production by many microorganisms. The aim of this study was optimization of Piriformospora indica pectinase production by using sugar beet pulp (SBP) by Taguchi method. First, P. indica was cultured on Kaefer medium supplemented with SBP, then biomass and spore production, enzyme activity and total protein content were measured for ten days. According to the results, maximum biomass production and pectinase activity were detected, 6. 125 g/l and 3. 2 U/ml in the presence of SBP at 6 th day, respectively. Furthermore the effect of different concentrations of glucose and ammonium sulphate and their interaction on enzyme activity was investigated. Based on the results by increasing the amount of them alone the activity was increased but in the case of their interaction with sugar beet pulp the activity was decreased. Next, enzyme production was optimized by Taguchi method to 8. 35 U/ml which was 2. 5 times more than non-optimized condition. In conclusion, because of pectinase production of P. indica by using sugar beet pulp as a suitable and cheap substrate, economically is valuable and moreover cause to decrease environmental pollution.

According the Known side effects of using some antibiotics and research results based on presence of antibacterial and antifungal compounds in Pistacia atlantica, in this research antibacterial and antifungal effects of pistacia atlantica were compared with Common antibiotics. After collecting gum of pistacia atlantica in habitats(Lorestan province, kohdasht city), its antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida glaberata was investigated by disc diffusion method and MIC, MBC, MFC were determined. The data were analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA variance. Among the bacteria, the most diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 5 mg/ml is related to Staphylococcus aureus (more than amikacin and less than Vancomycin) and the least diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 0. 156 mg/ml is related to pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lowest levels of MIC and MBC were 5. 312 and 625 μ g/ml, respectively for Staphylococcus aureus. Among the fungi, the most diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 5 mg/ml is related to Candida albicans (less than fluconazole and nystatin) and the least diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 0. 156 mg/ml is related to Candida glaberata. The lowest MIC and MFC related to C. albicans were 625 and 1250 μ g/ml, respectively. It seems that pistacia atlantica gum has a stronger antibacterial activity rather than some tested antibiotics.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species. The early diagnosis focused on clinical symptoms and direct observation of the parasites. Molecular methods are more sensitive than the direct microscopy. The identity of the species in Sistan-Baluchistan province has not been taken yet. ITS-rDNA was used to detect the species of Leishmania in patients from Sistan-Baluchistan province using molecular methods. This study was conducted during 2014-2015. Positive smear samples (82) were collected for molecular studies. The parasites were inoculated in N. N. N culture (with RPMI-1640 medium and 10% fetal calf serum) for rapid proliferation. After DNA extraction, the PCR-RFLP was carried out to determine the Leishmania species. SPSS and Multalin software were used to analyse the results. Forty six (56%) and 36 patients (44%) were diagnosed Leishmania major and Tropica respectively. The dominant species in the city of Chabahar and Mirjaveh were Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major respectively. In the central region of the province, both leishmania major and tropica are responsible for the disease. The results of this study indicated that both forms of L. major and L. tropica were identified in Sistan and Balochestan Province in Iran, which could be due to unlawful entry from Pakistan and Afghanistan. PCR-RFLP has high sensitivity for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and rapid species identification of the parasites.

Different studies have demonstrated that the plants, by producing antifungal peptides, such as defencins, cause the pores in the fungal plasma membrane which leads to efflux and influx of cellular components. These changes ultimately lead to fungal cell death. The purpose of this research was to isolate, identify, and study of defencin gene structure in Raphanus sativus by cloning and sequencing. The genomic DNA extraction from Raphanus sativus was achieved by CTAB method. Amplification of this gene was performed using the specific primers (RDeff /RDefr). The amplified DNA fragment (356bp) was cloned into pJET1. 2 cloning vector and the constructs were confirmed via enzyme digestion and PCR patterns. Also, the cDNA of this gene, which was about 243bp, was synthesized after extraction of RNA by specific primers. The amplified fragment of the cDNA was confirmed, cloned in the pJET1. 2 vector and sequenced. Comparison of genomic DNA and cDNA sequences showed that Def1gene contains one intron (113bp) and its open reading frame encodes a peptide with a length of 80 amino acids. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of Def1 shows 90 to 98. 8% homology with other reported defensin sequences. The identification and cloning of this gene could be used in future for fungal diseases management.

Feathers, a largely wastes produced in poultry industries represents a rich insoluble protein resource containing over 90% keratins. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the diversity of keratinase producing bacteria in broiler chicken litter house. A total of 10 gram samples were cultured in skim milk agar. The isolates were cultured on keratine and Azokeratin agar medium using keratin as the sole source of carbon to isolate keratinolytic microbes. The colonies with high feather hydrolyzing ability were subjected to identification by microscopic observation, biochemical characterization and molecular analysis. The results showed that among a total of 10 bacterial strains obtained from skim milk agar plates with proteolytic activity, only four bacteria were capable of degrading keratin. According to the biochemical and morphological characters, the isolated strain was grouped under the genus of Coccus (Staphylococcus). Based on 16S rRNA typing and phylogenetic analysis this strain was identified as Staphylococcus lentus SLKr1 and according to diameter clear zone on keratin agar medium, exhibited higher level of keratinolytic activity among other isolated strains. Staphylococcus lentus SLKr1 as a new keratinase producing bacteria also possessed high caseinase activity but was negative in amylase, lecithinase, cellulase and gelatinase production. Taken together, these results suggest Staphylococcus lentus SLKr1, a new keratinase producing bacteria with high keratinolytic activities which have the potential use in industrial biotechnology.