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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

Pourmzafar S.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    1-10
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    208
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: The changes in environmental factors such as salinity are considered as a stressful factor and a negative effect on the growth and survival of aquatic animals. Gill chloride cells play a major role in the exchange of ions in fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of number and area chloride cells in response to increase salinity. Materials and Methods: 180 rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 28. 95 ± 1. 91 grams were transferred to 15, 20 and 25 ppt salt waters for 60 days. Adjustment period to saline water was carried out at 15 days. After exposure to different salinity for 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, three fish’ s gill from each experimental unit dissected for evaluating the number and area of chloride cells. 5-7 µ thick cross-sections of tissue is obtained using haematoxylin and eosin. Results: After 7 days, the highest number and area of chloride cells were observed in 25 ppt salinity treatment. In addition, the number and size of chloride cells were significantly higher in salinity treatments compared to control groups from 15 to 60 days. Fish in 25 ppt treatment were gradually killed until the end of the exposure period. Conclusion: In this study, chloride cells of rainbow trout were more observed in the base of filaments and played an important role in ion secretion

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Author(s): 

پورمظفر سجاد

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1398
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    3 (پیاپی 46)
  • Pages: 

    1-10
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    263
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

زمینه و هدف: تغییر در پارامترهای محیطی هم چون شوری به عنوان عامل استرس زا تلقی شده و بر رشد و بقای آبزی اثر منفی دارد. سلول های کلرایدی آبشش، مسئولیت اصلی تبادل یون ها را در ماهیان ایفا می کنند. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی تغییرات اندازه و تعداد سلول های کلرایدی در پاسخ به افزایش شوری می باشد. روش کار: برای این منظور، 180 قطعه ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان با وزن تقریبی 91/1 ± 5/28 گرم به مدت 60 روز در شوری های 15، 20 و 25 گرم در لیتر نگهداری شدند. سازگاری به آب شور در مدت 15 روز انجام شد. به منظور بررسی تغییرات تعداد و اندازه سلول های کلرایدی نمونه برداری در روزهای 7، 15(پایان سازگاری به شوری)، 30، 45 و 60 روز و از هر تکرار 3 ماهی انجام گرفت. برش عرضی بافت آبشش با ضخامت 5-7 میکرون از استفاده از رنگ ائوزین-هماتوکسیلین تهیه شد. یافته ها: در روز 7، بالاترین میزان تعداد و اندازه سلول های کلرایدی در تیمار شوری 25 گرم در لیتر مشاهده شد. از روز 15 تا پایان دوره، تعداد و اندازه سلول های کلرایدی در تیمارهای شوری به طور معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد بیشتر بود. هم چنین، ماهیان نگهداری شده در شوری 25 گرم در لیتر به تدریج تا پایان دوره تلف شدند. نتیجه گیری: در این مطالعه مشخص شد که سلول های کلرایدی در ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان بیشتر در قاعده فیلامنت ها حضور دارند و نقش مهمی در ترشح یون ها ایفا می کنند.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    27-36
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    602
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: The use of natural-origin growth stimulants due to the lack of destructive environmental impacts has been considered in the past years. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lemon verbena, Aloysia triphylla, extract on growth performance, proximate body compositions and some liver enzymes of rainbow trout juveniles, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Material and Methods: Rainbow trout (average weight 25. 52 ± 1. 31 g) were allocated into 4 groups and were fed by different levels of plant extract (0, 2. 5, 5 and 7 g per kg of diet) spread on commercial diet for 8 weeks. After cultivation, fish was weighted and proximate compositions include moisture, protein, lipid and ash were analyzed. Also in order to measure liver enzyme like Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase blood was taken. Results: After feeding trial the data obtained was analyzed. Results showed that fish fed experimental diets had significant deference (P<0. 05) in weight gain, specific growth rates, feed efficiency and feed conversion ratios compared to control. There was no significant difference among treatments in survival (P>0. 05). There were no significant difference (P>0. 05) in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash content of rainbow trouts fed with diets containing various levels of plant extract. AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase did not have significant difference between treatments (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Results clearly indicate that the addition of Aloysia triphylla extract up to 7 g per kg of diet is advisable for rainbow trout because it improved the growth performance and did not have harmful effect on liver enzymes.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    37-46
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    668
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: Dietary aflatoxin contamination cause liver tissue damage and immunosuppression in aquatic animals. Active metabolites of some medicinal herbs have promising effects on controlling fungi growth and aflatoxin contamination of feedstuffs. This study was to investigate liver pathogenesis of aflatoxin B1 and protective potency of rosemary and thyme powder in rainbow trout. Material and Methods: Therefor, 225 fish with an average weight of 90± 3 g were allocated amongst three treatments including control group (diet devoid of aflatoxin B1), treatment two (diet included with 50 ppb aflatoxin B1) and treatment three ( 50 ppb aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet containing 2% rosemary and 2% thyme powder). After 6 weeks of feeding on the diets, hepatic tissue pathologies were studied using H&E and Masson-Trichrom staining methods. Serum inflammatory enzymes activity were also assayed. Results: H&E staining results were indicative of immune cell infiltration, congestion, edema and necrosis of hepatic tissue in groups two and three, with severe tissue alterations in third experimental group. Mason-Trichrom showed advanced tissue fibrosis in treatment three (p<0. 05). Inflammatory enzymes activity also showed higher activity in fish fed on third experimental diet (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Aflatoxin B1 resulted in hepatic tissue pathologies and rosemary and thyme powder inclusion to such a diet exacerbated the pathological alterations.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    47-58
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    753
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: Cytokines TNF-α , IL-6, and IL-1β cause an inflammatory response or infection, and ultimately increase cell destruction (reduced expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein) in damaged tissue. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of chicory flower on the expression of relevant genes. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups of Since the first day of the intervention, the healthy control group, received ethylene glycol group, prevention groups was administered 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of intraperitoneal chicory aqueous extract and 1% ethylene glycol (EG) for the induction of calcium crystals formation. The intervention was continued for 30 days. RNA was extracted from kidney tissues and cDNA was synthesized. Finally, using the Real Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the expression levels of IL-1β , IL-6, BCL2, and TNF-α were evaluated. Results: Data analysis by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test and software SPSS showed that in the prevention groups 1 and 2, there was a significant increase in BCL2 expression and a significant reduction in TNF-α expression (P<0. 001). Also, the expression of IL-1β significantly increased in rats administered 200 mg of chicory extract, while the expression of IL-6 was significantly enhanced in rats given 50 mg of chicory extract (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Chicory flower extract is effective in eliminating the necrotic effects of TNF-α and consequently, reducing apoptosis in renal epithelial cells. However, it does not affect IL-6, particularly the removal of infection caused by IL-1β .

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    59-66
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    595
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: Application of useful microorganisms, such as probiotics, in the diet of aquatic animals is a useful ways to increase fish safety. Adding probiotics to the diet increases the immune system's efficiency and increases the growth and development of food levels. This study were exposed to investigate the growth and carcass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Iron nanoparticles and probiotic Lcto bacillus. Material and Method: A total of 250 fry carp for 42 days in three treatments were divided: without probiotic, prebiotic level A (106) and Level B (107). Then each group were exposed to 50% of nano-iron LC50 for 10 days. Protein was determined with total nitrogen in Kjeldahl method, crude fat determined by fat dissolving in the ether in soxhlet, ash by putting the sample in electric oven and humidity was measured by drying the samples. Results: Protein, weight gain and FCR of fish carcasses showed that probiotic and iron reduced protein and FCR and within the influence of reduction of iron is far more than probiotics, although the rate of increase in body weight of probiotics gain to reduce the body weight and carcass, whereas the addition of iron lead to neutralize the reduction effects of probiotics and even lead to increased these indices. Conclusion: Probiotics had some undesirable effects of iron on the growth of common carp neutralize and had a positive synergistic effect.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    67-78
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    550
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: Oxidative stress which is responsible for pathophysiology of hypertension, causes decrease in total antioxidant capacity. PON 1 is an antioxidant enzyme present on the surface of HDL also which is responsible for prevention of HTN and it’ s complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of Isosorbide and Garlic Supplementation on Protein levels and Gene expression of PON1 at the Heart tissue in Female rats with hypertension After a period of aerobic training. Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, sham, blood pressure induction (Hyper), garlic, endurance training, endurance training-garlic. The rats suffered from hypertension of 6 days a week for 8 weeks after dietary period and 10 mg/kg body weight L_NAME injection. Experimental groups received 50 mg/kg body weight garlic supplement for six weeks. The endurance training program was performed at speeds of 20-30 m/min and 20 to 35 minutes, 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Protein levels and expression of PON1 heart tissue were measured using ELISA kit and Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by t-test, One-way ANOVA and post hoc tokey at the significant level P<0. 05. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean protein and the expression of paraoxonase-1 in the heart tissue of the female rats with hypertension in the different groups of the study (P> 0. 05). Also, there was no difference between the levels of protein paraoxonase-1 heart tissue in different groups than the group of blood pressure induction (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems to that the inadequacy of the training period (frequency and intensity of exercise) and the dose rate of Garlic Supplementation can be one of the possible causes of ineffectiveness in the present study.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

  • Pages: 

    79-90
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1025
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Inroduction & Objective: Ducks have many varieties and often they lives in water. Large intestine isvital organ in bird's body for the functions in the physiology of digestion, water absorption, microbial and immunologic activities. There is no research performed on anatomical and hostological study on large intestine in adult muscovy duck. Material and Method: For this research 20 male and female muscovy duck were selected and large intestinewere studied anatomically. Then histological study on large intestine was done with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Histological results of large intestine in muscovy duck showed two sexes are similar and it is similar to other birds. Anatomical results showed the male Muscovy duck has a larger dimension in length and width than female andin the rectum length, this difference is significant. Anatomical features in muscovy duck showedcecum is a bar shaped and without branching. Rectum in muscovy duck was shorter than cecum and this organ was straight not curved. There was Ileal papilla in Muscovy duck. Histological features in muscovy duck showed there is cecal tonsil and lymphatic tissues was non follicular. The muscular layer was large and thick. Conclussion: The large intestine in the muscovy duck has differences and similarities with other birds. In histological results there was similarity and in morphometrical results there was difference between the male and female muscovy ducks.

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