Geography and Development
Year:2020 | Volume:17 | Issue:57|Papers Count:12

At present, Sistan and Baluchestan rural development and rural development programs are being prepared for the operation of the sixth development plan of the country. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to formulate a program for economic development and employment creation of the mosque of Abolfazl from the functions of the Bazman district of Iranshahr in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical and collecting data using collaborative assessment models (PRA). The participants of this study were 27 male and female trustworthy in the municipality of Abolfazl who were selected purposefully. The current situation of the seven capital, the mosque's Abolfazl village, which can help the rural economy and employment creation, and the proponents and responsibilities of each of the governmental organizations responsible for employment, or global organizations and charities And nongovernmental organizations in order to succeed in the development of economic development and occupational fields. Finally, job creation projects, existing barriers to each project, success stories and job creation capacity of each of them in the framework of the proposed rural employment program Became. If these programs are implemented, Masjed-e-Abol-Fazl village will be on the horizon of the rural program. It will be based on relative welfare, sustainable employment and export-oriented economy, relied on production and revenue in the tripartite economic sectors with a central focus on services (Emphasis On tourism and welfare services) and agriculture (emphasis on modern agriculture and targeted livestock) with the support of the industry sector, especially handicrafts.

According to the changes of growth and development approaches, social sustainability has been considered as one of the branches of sustainable development in recent years. Since there are different and conflicting ideas such as soft or hard indicators, social sustainability as a product or process and social sustainability as a part of sustainable development or social sustainability as a Precondition to it, different variables have been proposed to evaluate social sustainability in urban communities. These variables have cause-effect and direct-indirect relations. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the level of each variable and discover their cause-effect relations. To determine the level of each variable and discover their cause-effect relations, interpretative structural modeling approach has been used. In order to provide input data a 47*47 matrix was given to seventeen urban planning experts and the binary relations between variables was evaluated. Results show that social sustainability indicators can be classified into sixteen levels. The indicators were classified as following: Political and organizing indicators as fundamental level (the lowest level), social and special justice indicators as connective level (middle level) and indicators related to social welfare as product of social sustainability process (the highest level). According to ISM the dominant approaches of social sustainability should change from product base to process base. This approach can connect social variables to economical, physical and organizational indicators and in an integrated process result in social welfare.

Floods are one of the most devastating natural phenomena that cause many human and financial losses in urban areas every year. Regarding the above problem, the present article attempts to address goal of determining the relationship between each of the variables of place attachment, risk perception and preventive behavior in order to reduce the damage caused by flood. The research method in this study is a descriptive-comparative study and is based on documentary study and questionnaire and performing hierarchical and multivariate regression tests and Pearson test in Spss. In addition, in this research, of field studies have been used to better understand the location of the site and to examine the physical, social and environmental issues. The results of the hierarchical regression test show that place attachment with a standard coefficient of 0/427 has a more significant effect on perception of risk. The results of multivariate regression show that the relationship between place attachment and perception of risk (with a power 1) is greater than the relation between place attachment and Preventive behavior (with a power of 0. 97). Pearson correlation test showed that place attachment and risk perception (with a coefficient of 0. 427) had the highest correlation. Therefore, to reduce the damage caused by the flood, it is possible to encourage citizens who are more at risk of flood to prepare for risks and conduct preventive behaviors through the positive effect of the place attachment, which is an important factor in increasing the risk perception.

Excessive use of fossil fuels threatens the living environment on the planet by contaminating the environment, and today one of the solutions proposed for energy is the use of renewable energy along with the reform of consumption. solar radiation zoning map of the city of Sabzevar was produced 159 active village. and then the annual radiation pattern received in 2017 by radiation analysis and using DEM of the area with power The spatial resolution of 30 m was estimated for point-to-point radiation and finally, based on the village's demand and solar power production potential in the potential region. In order to better evaluate, the study area was studied in three parts of central Sabzevar, Roodab and Shastshmat. The central part of Sabzevar with the value of 90201150 and the sixth part with 66910770 watts per m2 have the highest and lowest total radiation, respectively. In order to determine the most important factor affecting irradiation, the correlation between the two factors of height and sunshine with total radiation was calculated and the results indicate that the correlation between total radiation and the height factor is far more than sunshine hours. Finally, the total radiation potential at the study area was calculated and evaluated, the results show that the potential of solar energy is scattered in rural areas with a low population density. The results also show that 95. 82 percent of the city's surface has a high potential, 4. 01 percent has a very good potential and 0. 15 percent has a good potential.

Space justice refers to the sovereignty of a situation in which the resources, benefits, power and wealth of the community enjoy a balanced distribution, and this manifestation can be seen in the relative distribution of development indicators on national and local scales. On the other hand, space injustice refers to the sovereignty of a situation in which resources, benefits, wealth and power in the society have an uneven distribution, and the community has a desire for dichotomy and structural divide and has different negative consequences. Apart from its political and security implications, the social justice of justice affects the structure of space with consequences such as the spread of poverty, marginalization and other maladministration. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and relying on library information, data analysis and mapping, Excel and ArcGIS software were used to study and analyze the poverty of the northern provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of spatial justice. Be for this purpose, seven provinces of North Khorasan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, Ardebil, East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan have been selected as the study area. Results show that, North Khorasan Province is one of the poorest provinces in the country. After that, the provinces of Golestan, Gilan and Ardebil are ranked next in terms of poverty and deprivation. The provinces of Mazandaran, East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan are more desirable than the provinces mentioned above and are in the second rank of poverty and deprivation.

Participatory irrigation management as an approach to increase agricultural water productivity and reduce the cost of public management has been considered in Iran since the 1970s, along with global trends, and its implementation has been accompanied by many obstacles and problems. In this analytical-applied research with post-event approach, the weak of implementation of participatory irrigation management in Iran has been examined through the analysis of the content of research carried out in the country and relevant documents. To conduct this research, existing resources in the field of participatory irrigation management were identified from valid databases as far as possible and 38 sources were investigated and Atlas. ti7 software was used for data analysis. The analysis of 38 surveyed sources indicates that there are 12 domains of obstacles and problems in participatory irrigation management in Iran, which includes inadequate and anti-participation agricultural policies, neglecting of measures to provide conditions and planning, dominating narrow-minded cultures and establishing a climate of unreliability, lack of financial-credit support, a centralized and inflexible state structure, weakness in providing information and lack of information, preventive laws and regulations, lack of clarity and ambiguity in the nature and implementation of participatory irrigation management, inconsistency between users and responsible organizations, hard and soft ware and climate restrictions, incompatibility and inflexibility of applied management practices, unskilled and inefficient staff. In the end, some ways to move from the current situation and facilitate the implementation of participatory irrigation management have been suggested.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of rural local management patterns related to indexes of good governance in the rural areas of Meshginshahr County. His study is descriptive-analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. Statistical society of research included all of villagers residing in the rural areas of Meshginshahr County (N=90359). In addition for determining sample size the villagers of residing in the rural areas of Meshginshahr county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of villagers 383 was determined. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’ s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0. 72-0. 94). For data analysis, SPSS software was used the results of statistical tests showed that the indexes of social participation and responsibility has a higher function at establishments of local management suitable pattern in the rural areas of Meshginshahr County. And results of statistical tests showed that the rural local management from standpoint of rural good governances is good situation.

Tourism industry increases foreign exchange revenue and thus has an important role in economic development, especially in developing countries. Tourist attractions as one of the pillars of tourism industry along with other elements including infrastructure will provide the necessary conditions for attracting tourists. Given the importance of tourism’ s role in economic development on the one hand and tourism potential in Kurdistan province on the other, it is necessary to apply an appropriate procedure to prioritize different areas for different investments in the province. This study aims to evaluate and prioritize the cities in Kurdistan province through TOPSIS model based on tourism development indicators (natural attractions; historical, cultural and religious attractions; man-made attractions; commercial attractions; touristic villages; hotels; accommodation rooms; tourism service agencies; travel agencies; active toll-houses; traffic police; road emergency stations; on-road accommodation; and accident blackspots) in the four richness/development levels of over-developed, developed, semi-developed, and under-developed to achieve appropriate and efficient planning. The methodology of the study is descriptive-analytic and data is collected through library-documentation method. The results of the study indicate that Sanandaj with a priority coefficient of 0. 82 is over-developed; Marivan, Saqez, and Baneh with priority coefficients of 0. 382, 0. 387 and 0. 35, respectively, are developed; Bijar, Kamyaran and Qorveh with priority coefficients of 0. 23, 0. 21 and 0. 20, respectively, are semi-developed; and Dehgolan, Sarvabad and Divandarreh with priority coefficients of 0. 12, 0. 096 and 0. 078, respectively, are under-developed (deprived).

The implementation of poverty reduction policies will not succeed without defining its scope and dimensions, and one of the important issues in defining poverty reduction programs is to know the extent of poverty affecting society and the factors that affect it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the space recognition of social poverty zones in Amol city. This paper is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. Data were obtained from statistical blocks of Statistics Center in 2011. GIS, GeoDa, SPSS and Excel software were used to extract and categorize the data of this research. In this research, 16 poverty-related indicators and analytical methods such as hot spots, factor analysis, Moran and LISA have been used. The results of hot spots analysis showed that the western margins of the city and parts near the river Haraz in the north and south of the city are one of the most important social poverty areas in Amol city. In total, these areas cover 267. 57 hectare of the total city (12. 89%) and 34278 of the total population of the city (15. 62%). Also, the results of LISA's analysis of the final indicator of social poverty indicate that the largest poverty cluster with high values is in the western regions of the city, especially in neighborhoods No. 3, 4, 5, and 7.

In this study, in order to study the ozone deviation of stratospheric layer. The results indicate that with increasing ozone, the surface temperature has decreased and ozone has been added to the surface temperature. In the study of the relationship between the amount of ozone and the height of the Tropopause between the highest and lowest ozone and Tropopause height during the statistical period in winter, about 79%, the spring of 73%, the summer season was 67% and in the autumn, 62% with the increase in the height of the tropopause layer, The amount of ozone has decreased. Synoptically on days with ozone increase, are well adapted to changes in the total ozone bar column In the majority of cases, the passage of high peaks and vortices to the region in the stratosphere has caused intense cooling and increased ozone concentrations. On the contrary, with the removal of the Trough and Vortex, a deep heap of Saudi high pressure to the studied area has been expanded, and with the warming of the air on the ridges, it increases the elevation of the geopotential and decreases the ozone in the region.

the amount of water in the area and vegetation cover. In the present study, changes in the percentage of land cover and land use during the period from 1990 to 2016 were evaluated in the upper basin of the Alavian dam. For this purpose, at first Landsat satellite images were selected, the best band combination was prepared, and the land use map was mapped using the automated logistic support algorithm of the monitored classification, then the land cover map was classified in five classes. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results, the production map was compared with the ground reality map and kappa coefficient and the general classification accuracy was determined by the automation classification method. Based on the results, roughly 1294. 86 hectares of gardens have been grown in the range from 1990 to 2016, where the water consumption for these gardens based on the NETWAT software indicates that about 11836174. 2 cubic meters per hectare per year, increased water use in the basin upstream of the Alavian. Also, simulation of land use changes was done using Markov chain model and Markov chain auto-cells. The results of the research indicate that the gardens will reach from 2670. 06 hectares in 2016 to 3041. 555 hectares in 2021, which will be an increase of 371. 49 hectares. Ultimately, estimating these changes will imply a continuous reduction in the input of water into the reservoir and its degradation in the supply of drinking water, industrial and agricultural areas.

Blocking is one of the most protruding flow patterns and has received attention during the last decades due to its effect on seasonal weather characteristics. Moreover, finding show that Most of the blocking systems in the northern hemisphere are in all seasons and their continuity in the Atlantic and Pacific. The results of the Mann-Kandal test at the 95% confidence level of the percentage of frequency of blocking systems showed that the northern hemisphere blocking systems have been increasing in most parts of Asia-Pacific, Europe and Iran, and the trend is decreasing on the Atlantic Ocean and the American continental. Of course, these trends only increased significantly on parts of Central Asia and Central Pacific. In the monthly, the Eastern and Central Atlantic segregated from May to September and December the decreasing trend that decreasing only in June, September and December in some areas of the trend, in October, November January, February and March is an increasing, and only in October and March this trend is significant. In the Pacific, except in March, there has been an increasing trend in all months in July, August, October and September. In the Americas, except in May and August, there has been a significant decrease in the other months. In Europe, except for the months of August, September and December, in other month has an increasing trend, which has not been significant. In Asia and in the region of Iran, although it is more or less an increasing trend, it is not significant