Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2003 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:12

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of three common remedial exercises and then compare them in severity of pain and OSWQ in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: 25 patients with same as level of physical activity and history of mechanical low back pain during 6-12 months ago invited to participate to this clinical trial. After routine physical exam severity of pain and disability due to LBP was evaluated with VAS and oswestry questionnaire (OSWQ) respectively. Patients distribute to three sub group (Stabilization exercise=10 patients, Williams exercise = 8 patients, mckenzie exercise =7 patients). Means difference of pain score and oswq (disability index) in all groups wasn't significant. Patients had down exercises according to name of their group during 12 weeks. At first all groups performed a complete set of exercise every day in 6 weeks. Then second 6 week exercises had down every other day (3 days in week). After testing the repeat ability of the parameters reassessment of parameters was performed at the end of every 3 week. Results: Data analysis was down with spss software. Friedman, wilcoxon tests for determination and analysis of data in three groups and then kruskal Wallis test and man-witny was down for determination of differences between three groups. Data showed that all exercise regimen can decrease of pain and disability index. (P<0.0001) though decrease of pain and oswq in stabilization group was faster than the other groups. (P<0.05). Conclusion: All exercise regimen due to their strengthening properties and special affects on muscles and joints of lumopelive region can decrease of severity of pain even acute pain. But according to the effect of pain chronocity to surrounding tissues and receptors of lumopelvic region and also central effect of pain (reorganization of motor cortex), which exercise can more effect than the other to this parameters that can more and more effect the surrounding tissues and receptors of lumopelvic region so in the long time stabilization exercise according to activate inhibited local stabilizing muscles and then global muscle in stable position and unstable position can more effective than the other exercise regimens.

Background: Dysfunction of the central dopaminergie neurotransmission has been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia. The dopamine transporter (DAT1) mediates the active reuptake of dopamine from the synapses and thereby plays a key role in the regulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we sought to determine the possible association of the DAT1 gene core promoter polymorphism-67A/T with schizophrenia in a case/control study. Methods: The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism were studied in 100 patients and 100 controls, which were matched on the basis of sex, age and ethnicity. Results: The genotype frequencies in the patients group were as follows: AA 29%, AT 59%, TT 12% vs. the genotype frequencies in the control group: AA 57%, AT 38%, TT 5%, [χ2=16.54, df-2, OR=2.25 (95% CI 1.46-3, 45, P≤0.0003)].Conclusion: For the first time, these findings provide tentalive evidence for the contribution of the DAT1 gene core promoter polymorphism to the etioputhology of schizophrenia at least in the Iranian male population that we studied. Replication studies of independent samples and family-based association studies are necessary to further evaluate the significance of our findings

Introduction: There are many traumatic events (including natural disasters, physical, psychological and sexual abuse) that may befall children and there is clear evidence that such experiences can produce a plethora of negative psychological effects. Children's exposure to such traumas has been associated with a wide variety of negative mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress and dissociation and anger and aggression. It seems that the impacts of traumatic events are significantly related to type and intensity of trauma. Materials & Method: Through a systematized clustral sampling 3042 male and female students from junior high school who were participated in a survey study for investigating point prevalence of child abuse, completed Trauma Symptoms Check List for Children (TSCC-A) and child abuse self-report scale (CASRS). After recognition of abused children, they were compared based on trauma symptoms.TSCC-A is a self-report measure of post-traumatic distress and related psychological symptomatology in male and female children aged 8-16 years. It is useful in the evaluation of children who have experienced traumatic events, including physical and sexual assault, victimization by peers, major losses, the withes sing of violence done to others and natural disasters. TSCC-A makes no reference to sexual issues. CASRS is a self-report scale to assess child abuse and neglect with 38 items and four subscales (psychological abuse, neglect, physical and sexual abuse). Results: Considering the type of traumatic experiences, the results showed that abused children significantly received higher scores in scales and subscales of TSCC-A than nonabused group. They specially reported more symptoms (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, anger and dissociation) comparing normal children. Conclusion: It is concluded that the type and rate of traumatic event is related to intensity of symptomatology.

Introduction: Several studies have shown the effects of muscular fatigue on proprioception and neuromuscular control. However all available researches have studied just the effect of local fatigue in ankle joint muscles on postural control, and no study have found about the effect of fatigue in proximal muscles of the lower extremity on postural control. Objective: To compare changes in postural control parameters after isokinetic fatigue of proximal and distal muscles of lower extremity. Materials and Methods: Subjects were Twenty healthy men (age: 22.6±2.4 years, height: 173.7±3.6 cm, weight: 63.3±7.9kg). There were 4 test sessions, with a randomized order according to site and plane of fatigue. During each session one of these muscle groups were fatigued using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer: ankle plantar / dorsi flexors, ankle evertor / inventors, hip flexor / extensors and hip abductor / adductors. The biodex stability system was used to perform dynamic balance test before and after muscle fatigue in each session. Overall, anterior / posterior, and medial / lateral stability indices were recorded. The higher the stability indices, the lower the balancing skill. Results: Analysis of pre-and post fatigue balance results of all sessions, demonstrated significant increase (P<0.05) in all stability indices. Repeated measures ANOVA performed on the rate of changes in stability indices during each session revealed that hip muscle fatigue caused much more increase in stability indices that hip muscle fatigue caused much more increase in stability indices than ankle muscle fatigue (P<0.05). Conclusion: Isokinetic fatigue of both ankle and hip muscles significantly decreases postural control ability in healthy young men. In addition, our findings suggest that the hip joint musculature plays a more prominent role in postural control.

Introduction: The present research investigates the state of psychological health in women who are heads of household and are under welfare protection by the Welfare Organization in Tehran Province. The basic research question was whether or not the level of psychological health and its nine indicators according to SCL-90-R are different in women heads of house hold that are under welfare protection compared to women heads of house hold that are not under welfare protection. Method & Materials: Subjects were over 180 women who were chosen randomly from different areas in Greater Tehran. The instruments used in this study were SCL-90-R and a demographic questionnaire. A case-control cross sectional method was employed in the present study. Data were analysed using single-case t-test independent t-test, multi-variant regression and Friedman test. Results: Results show that the mean score for psychological health and its nine indicators in the experimental group were significantly higher than the mean score for normal Iranian population (P=0.0009). This indicates that women who are heads of house holds in Iran are at a higher risk for psychological disorders. The strongest indicators of psychological disorder in these women were depression and psychosomatic complaints. Furthermore, women who are not under welfare protection are significantly more depressed than women who are under welfare protection (P=0.016). Factors which reliably predict women's psychological health are women's income, the income of family members and their own physical health. These results support previous in the field reiterating the fact special attention should be paid to the economical welfare and standards of living in these women.  

Introduction and objective: Aging decline abilities and leads to increased risk of falling and subsequently poorer quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify a proper assessment for risk of falling among institutionalized elderly people. In order to accomplish this aim, two functional assessment methods, Berg scale and tinetti scale, were used and the validity indices of these methods were calculated. Design: Prospective non-interventional methodological discriminative-validation study in order to make a comparative assessment of the discriminative validity of the two clinical assessment methods among the elderly people with/without history of falling. Methods: The frequency of falls within 6 months among institutionalized elderly individuals was prospectively studied. Finally, those having had two or more falls within 6 months were enrolled in the faller group and those having no falls within 6 months were enrolled in the non-faller group. Participants: Twenty-one women and 33 men (mean age: 75.79, standard deviation [SD]: 8.47, range: 61-98) independent in their daily activities and able to walk 10 meters using / without assistive devices volunteered to participate in the study with awareness. Measurements: Background variables included age, gender, use / nonuse of assistive devices, height, weight, number of the drugs used, and number of the diseases; independent variable was history of falling; and dependent variables were the results of two functional assessment methods.Results: independent t-test indicated a significant difference between the two groups of fallers and non-fallers in the mean scores on Berg Balance Scale (P=000.1) and Tinetti Scale (P=0.0001). The results of logistic regression test indicated much more discriminative validity for Berg Balance Scale test than Tinetti Scale test. Studying the validity of Berg Balance Scale assessment method showed that all validity indices should be regarded as bases for clinical decision

We need lipreading Tests in order to evaluate patient's lipreading skills and necessary instructions. These are two kinds of lipreading test: synthetic & Analytic. Sara (2) lipreading Test in an analytic test and complementary of Sara (1) lipreading Test which was a synthetic one (Movallali, 2000). Objective: Developing a lipreading test and standardization of the test in a group with normal hearing and vision. Methodology: This study was a descriptive-analytic survey subjects: 1)All Persian phonemes were put in a VCV context. 2)88 normally hearing and vision adults (58 males, 30 females) ranged from 17 to 85 years old). Main Findings: 1) "Sara lipreading Test" (Number 2), Composed of 23 nonsense two syllable VCVs. 2) Lipreading Ability of Persian phonemes in 6 groups of homophones. 3)Subjects could distinguish between visems in 6 different homophone groups. 4)Concern validity of the test. 5)No significant difference between test and retest.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, "Sara (2) lipreading Test" is a valid and reliable analytic test for assessing lipreading ability of Persian phonemes and despite of its simple structure, gives us a lot of valuable information. About lipreading skills and is complementary of synthetic lipreading tests

Mental disorders are Present in a large percentage of the older adults and psychotherapeutic medications are most commonly used to manage behavioral problems. Elderly leads to multiple chronic diseases, disability, declining function and frailty that affecting it. Chronologic age is only one determinant of the changes pertinent to drug therapy that occur in older people. Drug usage patterns also change as a result of the increasing incidence of diseases with age and tendency to prescribe heavily for patients in hospitals and old folks' homes. General changes in the lives of older people have significant effect on the way of the medications is used too. This article discusses about drug metabolism (with specific consideration on the psychotropic drugs), psychotropic drugs consumption and prescription in elderly with psychiatric disorders which use to various articles

Biotinidase deficiency is a rare metabolic disease that is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical manifestations of the disease are, lactic acidosis, alopecia, ataxia, spastic paraplegia, seizure and developmental delay. Other clinical features are erythematous rash, hearing and visual loss. In this 4 article we report 3 patients with complete biotinidase deficiency. First patient was an Isfant (3 mouths old-male) and second patient was an infant (5 months old-male) that both of them referred for developmental delay, seizure, alopecia and spastic paraplegia. Laboratory exam showed hyper ammonia, lactic acidosis and the level of Biotinidase was remarkable deficient. All of the symptoms and signs were improved with Biotin. The third patient (8 months old-female) referred for developmental delay and erythematous rash around the orifices. The laboratory exam showed Biotinidas deficiency and all of the symptoms improved with Biotin.

Grebe syndrome is a recessively inherited acromesomelic dysplasia. We studied clinically and radigraphically, a 5 months old infant, originated from Tehran, Iran. The phenotype is characterized by a normal axial skeleton and severely shortened and deformed limbs. Upper and lower limbs were very short and in radiography humerus and femur were relatively normal, the ulna was absent and a short deformed radius was seen. Also tibia and fibula were not seen. Several joints of corpus, tarsus, hand and foot were absent.