Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Background and Objective: Exercise training is one of the strategies to deal with cellular damage caused by adipose tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different training modalities on blood lipid profile, Fetuin A and FGF-21 in visceral adipose tissue of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Materials and Methods: 25 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5: 1) control, 2) high fat diet (HFD), 3) moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), 4) high intensity continuous training (HICT), 5) High Intensity interval training (HIIT). Except for the control group, all rats underwent HFD for 12 weeks and then the rats in the training group received 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Fetuin-A and FGF-21 levels were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 6 and ANOVA and Tukey tests (P ≤ 0. 05). Results: Twelve weeks of HFD caused increased in cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and decrease HDL, increase of insulin resistance, increase of Fetuin-A and decrease of FGF-21 in visceral adipose tissue. However, these changes were significant (P≤ 0. 05). In contrast, 12 weeks of MICT, HICT, and HIIT after HFD, significantly reduced cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and insulin resistance (P≤ 0. 05) and significantly increased in HDL and FGF-21 (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that, long-term exercise training, especially HIIT, is effective in improving lipid profile and controlling insulin resistance through positive regulation of visceral adipose tissue FGF-21. However, changes in Fetuin-A visceral fat with exercise training needs further study.

Background and Objective: Exercise training is a non-pharmacological method that is effective in reducing postmenopausal complications; citrulline is an effective supplement for exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and citrulline malate supplementation on resting levels of BDNF, NO and estrogen in postmenopausal women. Subjects and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental research, 42 postmenopausal women were divided into six groups: Exercise + Supplement, Exercise + Placebo, Exercise, control, and supplement and placebo only. Resistance training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week at intensity of 45-55% of 1 repetition of maximum. Supplementation consisted of 200 ml of water, 8 g of citrulline malate, 20 ml of lemon juice and 10 g of sugar one hour before the training session. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and dependent t-test at the significant level (P < 0. 05). Results: Increase in estrogen, NO and BDNF were significantly higher in exercise + supplement group than in groups who underwent exercise and supplement alone (P <0. 001). There was a significant increase in estrogen in the exercise-only group compared to the supplement-only group (P < 0. 001). However, there was no difference between NO and BDNF levels in the exercise-only and supplement-only groups. Conclusion: According to these results resistance training concurrent with supplement citrulline malate is more effective method for increasing serum levels of estrogen, NO and BDNF in postmenopausal women than either methods alone.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant potential and antibacterial efficacy of Ricinus communis L. nano-emulsion. Subjects and Methods: In this order, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS [2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] test. Meanwhile the antibacterial properties of Ricinus communis L. nano-emulsion were tested using disc diffusion method against the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The obtained results revealed that the R. communis L. nano-emulsion has a high capacity to inhibit the free radicals of ABTS and DPPH. The IC50 concentration related the both assays were 177. 66 and 235. 79 μ g/ml respectively. The antibacterial results demonstrated that R. communis L. nano-emulsion strongly inhibited the growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus with values of 9 mm. Conclusion: The overall results of this study indicate that R. communis L. nano-emulsion has a strong antioxidant potential and antibacterial property and it can be used in the food and medicinal industries.

Background and Objective: Melphalan is a chemotherapy agent which used for treatment of metastatic melanoma and breast cancer. However, the side effects associated with this compound have limited its clinical use. Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, is a bioactive compound from Tanacetum parthenium medicinal plant has anti-leukemia properties. Despite the many advantages of sesquiterpene terpene lactones, these compounds have two obvious drawbacks: non-specificity for cancer cells and low solubility in water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesis of a parthenolide-melphalan hybrid using conjugation method to enhance its anticancer potency. Moreover, the cytotoxicity activity of this compound was tested against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Materials and Methods: In order to synthesis of mentioned compound, melphalan was conjugated to parthenolide sesquiterpene lactone by aza-Michael reaction. Then, the cytotoxicity activity of this compound was tested using alamar blue assay. Results: The parthalan product synthesis of melphalan anticancer drug and parthenolide sesquiterpene were analysed and identified by LC-MS. The cytotoxicity activity results indicated that cell viability of cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) was decreased in a dose-dependent manner and the IC50 of parthalan, parthenolide and the synthesized hybrid were reported with respective values of 13. 5, 24 and 23 μ g/ml. Conclusion: The overall results of this research demonstrated that parthenolide-melphalan hybrid induce significantly enhanced the higher potency of parthenolide.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of expression of Her2 protein in patients with colorectal carcinoma in order to better understand the pathophysiology and behavior of inflammatory factors in this disease. Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, tissue paraffin blocks of patients referring to Imam Khomeini teaching hospital with pathological diagnosis of colorectal cancer were evaluated. Clinical and demographic data of patients were extracted from hospital records. Anti Her-2 monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining. Results: In this study, 31 patients with colorectal cancer (mean age 65. 1 (range 33 to 89)) were evaluated. Most tumors had grade G2 (54. 8%). Tumor stage pt3 was also seen in more than half of cases. Lymph node involvement was observed in 29% of cases. The mean staining area was 34. 6% (range 2 to 78%). Her2 staining area in was 30. 65% (range 2 to 85%). More than a quarter of patients were negative and only 6. 5% had a strong positive reaction. Immunohistochemical expression of Her2 marker was not significantly correlated with other pathological characteristics of colorectal tumor including disease grade, stage of disease and metastasis to lymph nodes. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study indicate that more than 70% of colorectal patients show Her2 expression. However, our findings showed no association between Her2 marker and other tumor pathologic variables.

Background: Esophageal varices are mainly caused by portal hypertension and are a common complications of chronic liver disease (CLD). In this study, we investigated the diagnostic relationship between liver stiffness (LS) measurement using elastography and their association with esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Subjects and Methods: One hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis, between Sep 2017 to Aug 2019, were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to evaluate the presence and severity of esophageal varices. LS measurements were performed for all pateints. The patients were divided in two groups: with and without esophageal varices. Results: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelet and AST-to-platelet ratio (APRI) levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P> 0. 05). No significant difference was observed for LS between the two groups (P = 0. 826). Conclusion: There is no associated diagnostic relationship between LS measurement using elastography with esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

Background and Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common cause of admissions at hospital emergency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of gastrointestinal ulcers and their prevalence in the hospitalized population of Imam Ahwaz Hospital from 2018 to 2019 years. Methods: Study participants were randomly selected. After initial endoscopy, laboratory and endoscopic data were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: The study included 375 patients, 76. 5 % of whom were male and 23. 5 % were female. Fifty one patients had no history of drug use. Among the other 324 patients, 170 had a history of aspirin use and 82 had a history of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the most commonly used. Flat pigmented ulcer were the most prevalent endoscopic findings in 46. 4 % of the patients studied. Other lesions included: 24% visible vessel, 17 % oozing ulcer, 8 % adherent clot, and 8 % esophageal varices. Conclusion: Given the higher prevalence of flat pigmented ulcers among patients, consideration should be given to the type of treatment and the need for hospitalization or non-hospitalization in order to reduce the number of hospitalized patients. It has also been suggested that patients should not take arbitrary medications, mainly aspirin and corticosteroids, because of their association with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background and Objective: evaluation of the use of motor control parameters and its efficacy in correcting movement and preventing injury in exercise and Environmentally and locally fatigue conditions can be a useful finding to reduce the risk of injury to these individuals. Materials and Methods: Technique correction intervention was performed on twenty people with age 20± 1. 38 with ankle pronation in Functional Agility Fatigue Short-Term protocol. Research data were extracted using biometrics, MATLAB, excel software and analyzed by SPSS software using Shapiro test, ANOVA repeated measure and Bonferroni post hoc test Results: There was no significant difference between pre-test-fatigue, technique-fatigue and technique correction times. Conclusion: It seems that correction of the technique can be done by optimally modifying the landing pattern and activating the medial hamstring, lateral hamstring, reducing the risk of knee injury, ankle and trunk in both with and without fatigue in patients with ankle pronation.

Background and Objective: Parkinson's disease is caused by selective loss of a group of dopaminergic cells in the dense part of substantial nigra. One of the treatment options for this disease is the replacement of lost cells by stem cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inducers of extract of neonatal rat brain and deprenyl on neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: P19 stem cells were cultured in alpha-MEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS serum. Then, the cells were cultured on low-adhesion culture plates to create pseudo-embryonic bodies. In order to differentiate, germ cells were cultured in medium containing 3% FBS serum and extract of neonatal rat brain, deprenyl and mixture of deprenyl and rat neonatal extract for 28 days. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect specific proteins of neurons including synaptophysin, beta-tubulin 3 and nestin. Immunofluorescence assay and Real-time PCR was used to detect and evaluate the expression specific proteins of neurons including synaptophysin, beta-tubulin 3 and nestin, respectively. Results: Regarding to immunofluorescence results, differentiated P19 cells, positively affected by three inducers such as nestin, synaptophysin and beta-3. Relative expression of transcription factors of nestin, synaptophysin in cells differentiated by all three inducer using Real-time PCR demonstrated that in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells, Nestin and Synaptophysin expression increased in the second week, while, their expression were significantly reduced in the third and fourth weeks. Conclusion: The results of this study show P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells are potential to differentiate into neurons, especially dopaminergic phenotype, following laboratory conditions and inducing factors.

Background and Objective: In this research project, novel derivatives of 1, 4-dihydropyridines were synthesized via the three-component reaction of 4-aminocoumarin, barbituric acid and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of theophylline phosphoric acid (TPA). The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the products were tested. Materials and Methods: For the antibacterial and antifungal test of the products, MIC and MBC was performed on Gram-positive bacteria (e. g. Enterococcus Faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative bacteria (e. g. Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii) and MFC method for Candida albicans as a fungus. 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives were synthesized via the three-component reaction of 4-aminocoumarin, barbituric acid and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of theophylline phosphoric acid (TPA). The products were characterized via FTIR, TGA, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR, CHN and mass spectroscopies. Antimicrobial tests were performed against twelve dilutions. Fungal and bacterial suspensions with the density of 1×106 CFU/mL were added to all the tubes and the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the products were checked after 18-20 h of incubation. Results: The antimicrobial screening data show that the compounds 4b and 4c have the ability to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii at an equal concentration of 0. 977 μ g/mL. Conclusions: All compounds in MIC, MBC test showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to control drugs (ampicillin, erythromycin, and nystatin).