Research in Medicine
Year:2020 | Volume:44 | Issue:3|Papers Count:15

Background: Diabetes is a form of metabolic disease whose sufferers are constantly exposed to cardiovascular diseases. Exercise training and diet are two important factors in managing this disease. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the interactive effect of high intensity interval and low intensity continuous trainings and Crocin on the expressions of PGC1-α and UCP1 genes in heart tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 56 diabetic male rats (induced by highfat diet and injections Stz) were divided into seven groups: 1) High Intensity Interval training, 2) High Intensity Interval training and Crocin consumption, 3) Low Intensity Continuous Trainings, 4) Low Intensity Continuous Trainings and Crocin consumption, 5) Sham, 6) Crocin consumption, and 7) Control. Both High Intensity Interval and Low Intensity Continuous training groups were trained on the treadmill 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks, respectively, with the intensities of 80 to 85 and 50 to 55 percent of maximum running speed on rodent treadmill; Crocin consumption group received 25 mg/kg Crocin per day for 8 weeks. The data were analyzed running Paired sample t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferron's post hoc tests (p≤ 0. 05). Results: Training (p = 0. 001) and crocin consumption (p = 0. 001) significantly increased the expressions of PGC1-α and UCP1. Also, training with crocin consumption was found to have interactive effects on increasing the expressions of PGC1-α (p = 0. 001) and UCP1 (p = 0. 001) and high intensity interval and low intensity continuous trainings have the same effects on the increase of UCP1 expression (p = 0. 02). Conclusion: It seems that high intensity interval and low intensity continuous training with Crocin consumption had interactive effects on the improvement of PGC1-α and UCP1 gene expression levels in heart tissue of diabetic rats.

Backgrond: leptin is proposed to be an important factor in energy balance and metabolism to influence body weight. So far, little research has been done on the effect of body-pumping exercises on weight loss and leptin levels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether body-pumping exercises can alter leptin levels and weight in inactive girls. Also, can ginger supplementation alter leptin levels and weight in inactive girls? Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 48 collegiate inactive students of University of Isfahan, (BMI =0. 83 ± 28, and age=0. 24 ± 23. 4 years) participated in this study. Subject divided into 5 groups: Training, Training & Supplements, Supplementation, Control, and Placebo. The subjects participated in moderate intensity Body Pump training three times per week and supplementary groups received 3 capsules containing 250 mg ginger, three times per day. For data analysis, ANOVA was used. Results: Results showed a significant decrease in leptin levels and body mass index in the exercise and supplement groups compared to the pre-test (p=0. 003, t=5. 23, p=0. 001, t=10. 33). In addition, leptin levels in the exercise and supplement groups decreased significantly more than the exercise group alone (p=0. 002, F=13. 11). Conclusion: It seems Body Pump Training combined with ginger supplementation leads to changes in weight loss and leptin levels.

Background: Candida species have recently been attracted by the emergence of resistant strains against antifungal agents. Antifungal agents are usually accompanied with side effects. Plant products have been used traditionally as alternative medicine to cure candidiasis. So, it seems vital to find new antimicrobial agents with fewer side effects. In the present survey, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal effects of aqueous extracts of Mentha longifolia against oral pathogenic candida species. Methods: The current experimental study was conducted on Candida albicans (ATCC10261) and 10 Candida albicans isolated from leukemia (AML and ALL) patients with thrush. The antifungal activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Mentha longifolia extracts were evaluated and then MIC results were compared with those of Chlorhexidine and nystatin. Results: Mentha longifolia extracts showed antifungal properties. MIC results of the extracts were in the range of 31. 25 to 125 µ g/ml, while MIC of Chlorhexidine were in the range of 125 to 250 µ g/ml. Also, no significant difference was observed between MIC of standard species and clinical isolates of Candida albicans (P>0. 05). According to the results, aqueous extract of Mentha longifolia was more successful in the inhibition of growth of Candida isolates as compared to that of Chlorhexidine (P<0. 001). Conclusions: The inhibitory effects of Mentha longifolia extract have shown that it has the potentials to be considered as a promising candidate for the development of antifungal agent for the treatment of thrush.

Backgroundm: Identifying the core journals can help libraries to identify the actual needs of users, improve the process of providing needed resources, eliminate unnecessary issues, and optimize allocation of funds. So, the present study was conducted to identify core journals by examining the references of the scientific productions of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in the Web of Science and Scopus (2017), and examine the status of their access and quality. Methods: The research design was citation analysis and the Bradford law of scattering was used to determine the core journals. The citations of 3961 indexed articles of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the Web of Science and Scopus were examined. The status of access to the core journals was determined using the website provided by the Ministry of Health for this purpose and to determine the quality of journals, Q index was used using Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Results: Out of 10155 Cited Journals in the scientific productions of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 104 titles were identified as core journals. Also, %69. 2 of the journals are accessible through the Journals Subscribed by the academic consortium of the Ministry of Health and %93. 3 of core journals are indexed in ISI. Conclusion: It seems that the authorities of the selection and provision of journals in the Ministry of Health have been doing well. Also, %93. 3 of the core journals are listed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and this shows that researchers at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences use Credible journals in their compilations.

Background: One of the goals in medical sciences in modern communities is shorter time for wound healing with less side effects. The nettle extract in the presence of chitosans natural polymer can have antimicrobial and repairing properties. It also improves the recovery speed with fewer complications and less time. Materials and Methods: For different tests, we produced a chitosanfilm with different percentages of, %10 %20, and %40 of nettle extract and a control sample without plant extracts. These tests include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), percentage of water absorption, antibacterial properties, percentage of inflation, and degradability rate. Prism software was used for data analysis. Results: The sample with high percentage of plant extract had a higher porosity surface compared with other samples and could be considered as a suitable wound dressing. Using two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from the body of patients in Taleghani Hospital of Tehran, the antimicrobial activity of the film containing nettle extract and chitosan was evaluated. The results of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were better than those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: It seems that the wound dressing provided in this project may be suitable for wound dressing.

Background: Most exposure to artificial sources through diagnostic radiographs is due to the increase of these tests in the community and the inevitability of these tests. Optimizing the dose of skin inlet can play an important role in reducing radiation exposure, which can be achieved by monitoring the inlet dose as a key parameter. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the rate of skin input dose in routine radiographic tests at Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran to compare the doses recommended by the International Commission for Protection against Radiation (ICRP) and, if possible, to hopefully provide simple guidelines for dose reduction and optimization in patients with preserved image quality. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed in Loghman Hakim public hospital in Tehran on 235 patients (100 females and 135 males) with a weight range of ± 10 kg. Patients’ skin doses were measured using four diagnostic radiographs of IAEA standards in 12 common radiographic views using thermoluminescence chips and Geiger Mü ller dosimeter. Results: The skin doses for each radiographic method in milligrays were as follows: Chest (posterior-anterior): 0. 34, Chest: (1. 85), Abdominal (anterior-posterior): 3. 31, Hip (anterior-posterior): 4. 79, cervical (anteriorposterior): 1. 95, cervical vertebra: 1. 24, dorsal (anterior-posterior): 2. 38, dorsal vertebrae (profile): 4. 68, lumbar vertebrae: 3. 95, lumbar vertebrae: 9. 53, skull (antero-posterior): 29. 2, and skull: 1. 89. Conclusion: The rate of skin inlet dose in the 12 investigated facets was in accordance with the recommended doses and in line with the standards provided by the International Commission for Protection against ICRP.

Background: Stress and its effects on mental functions are among influential factors of mental health; therefore, approaches to prevent the effects of stress, especially non-medical approaches, are beneficial. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of restrained stress and swimming exercise on spatial learning and memory in male rats. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study was conducted on 28 Albino-Westar rats assigned randomly to four groups (stress, swimming, stress+swimming, and control). Rats in stress group were exposed to immobilization stress (2h per day × 7 days), the swimming group were trained swimming (2h. per day × 7 days), and the stress+swimming group received the same stress protocol as stress group was and then received the same swimming training as swimming group for seven days. The control group performed behavioral tests without any intervention. Behavioral examination of the rats was performed using Morris Water Maze during both acquisition and recall levels. Results: The results reported significant progress in the traveled distance and escape latency of all groups in the acquisition phase (P≤ 05/0). However, the one-way ANOVA demonstrated that the swimming and stress+swimming groups traveled less distance compared to stress (P=0. 007; P=0. 03) and control groups (P=0. 0001; P=0. 001). In addition, the swimming group spent significantly less time to reach the target compared with the stress and control groups (P = 0. 006 = 0. 003). Furthermore, the stress + swimming group spent less time to reach the hidden platform compared with the stress and control group (P = 0. 01; P= 0. 001). Conclusion: The swimming exercise can individually enhance the cognitive function. In addition, when there is stress, using swimming exercises in addition to stressful conditions can reduce the distance and time to reach the platform.

Background: Postoperative pain is an important clinical issue. Since post-cesarean pain can affect maternal and neonatal health, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of lidocaine and epinephrine infiltration with lidocaine alone at the site of incision at the end of cesarean section. Materials and Methods: The current study was performed on 100 women with term pregnancies who were candidate for elective cesarean with spinal anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 20 ml %2 Lidocaine or 20 ml solution of 4/1 of 1 mg/ml Epinephrine in 50cc of %2 Lidocaine (200000/1 dilution) infiltrated subcutaneously after cesarean and before closing the skin. Measurement of pain and narcotic use after surgery, the time of first lactating, the time of getting out of bed, and discharge time were compared between the two groups using statistical tests, independent t, fisher exact test, and chi-square. Findings: Individuals who were infused with lidocaine and epinephrine at the end of the cesarean section at the time of incision initiated breastfeeding earlier (P = 0. 018) and were discharged earlier (P = 0. 010) than those receiving lidocaine alone. Also, the first group had less pain intensity from four hours postoperatively until the end of the first day postoperatively (P <0. 001) and their pethidine consumption was lower (P <0. 001). Conclusion: It seems that adding Epinephrine to the local anesthetics like Lidocaine can prolong the effect of anesthetics, reduce the doses of narcotic use after surgery, and decrease the time of first lactating and discharge from hospital.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the recurrence rate in gastric cancer patients with positive peritoneal lavage cytology in comparison with negative lavage in patients referred to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 59 patients with gastric cancer. Lavage of peritoneal cavity was performed with 150 cc of saline tare. Four LAMs were provided for each patient. Postoperative follow-up of patients after recurrence of the disease regardless of the stage of the disease in patients with cytological lavage positive and negative was done. Results: In our study, 59 patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer: 20 men and 39 women. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between peritoneal fluid cytology and relapse (P-value = 0. 943). Conclusion: In the current study, the peritoneal cytology values in determining the prognosis of stomach, colon, and pancreatic cancers were further studied and the relationship between positive cytology of peritoneum lavage and inappropriate prognosis was confirmed. This method was also used to determine the relapse of abdominal cancers, which has had beneficial results.

Background: Postoperative pain is an important adverse effect after cesarean section and pain management is an issue of importance in these cases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of prophylactic paracetamol injection for pain reduction after cesarean. Methods and Materials: In the current interventional study that was performed as a randomized clinical trial, 60 consecutive pregnant women referring to Taleghani Hospital during 2017 and 2018 for cesarean section were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either paracetamol 1 gram or placebo. The postoperative pain (VAS) and patient's satisfaction was compared between the two groups in the first 24 postoperative hours. Results: The results demonstrated that postoperative pain was significantly lower and the patient's satisfaction was higher in the first 24 postoperative hours in paracetamol versus placebo group (P < 0. 05) Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that paracetamol is an effective option for postoperative pain management in cesarean cases and using this therapeutic regimen is recommended.

Background: The recent studies on BEZ235 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) and XAV939 (WNT/β catenin inhibitor) have shown promising results in colon cancer treatment. Many studies have suggested the effects of BEZ235 and XAV939 on colon cancer cells in combination with an environmental cytokine, such as IL1-β , by analyzing the anti-proliferative effects of tumor cells and cell death. The present study was carried out to comprehend the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin1-beta (IL1-β ) around the tumor on these two drugs and also the response of colon tumor cells to new therapeutic methods. Materials and Methods: In the current experimental study, cancer cells were treated with IL1-β , BEZ235, and XAV939, alone and in combination. The percentage of cell survival was evaluated using MTT method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell death. All cultures were performed in triplicate. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 6 software. Findings: The results of the present study showed that BEZ235 significantly reduced the proliferation of the large intestine tumor cells, while XAV939 treatment increased the cell death up to 22. 5 percent after 72h (p<0. 05). The pro-inflammatory IL1-β significantly increased the sensitivity of the cancer cells to the XAV%31) 939, p<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that the presence of the pro-inflammatory IL1-β improves the inhibitory effect of XAV939 on cancer cells, but it has no significant effect on the inhibitory effect of BEZ235.

Background: Colorectal cancer as a leading cause of cancer related death develops through multistep pathway. MicroRNAs (microRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that inhibit target mRNA translation. Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression of these genes is associated with colorectal cancer. It is also shown that abnormal expression of these genes is associated with colorectal cancer. miR-195 appears to be the major regulatory factor in various cancers including colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to precisely determine the regulatory role of miR-195 in colorectal cancer. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the expression level of miR-195 in colon adenocarcinoma and normal tissue specimens and to confirm this biomarker in tissue samples in Iran. Materials and Methods: In our case-control study, bioinformatic analyses were performed on gene expression and results were confirmed using experimental and in vitro analysis on clinical samples. Also, after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, gene expressionanalysis was done by using Real time PCR and then statistical analyses were performed. Results: The initiation of invasion and metastasis pathways may be due to decreased miR-195 expression. The qRT-PCR test results for the expression of genes showed that miR-195 expression decreased potentially in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (p <0. 00001). miR-195 is potentially associated with clinicopathologic features of tumors. Conclusion: The potential role of miR-195 in the development of colon cancer is shown.

Background: Road accidents often cause severe damage to the victims and have a direct impact on community members. Iran has the highest rate of road accidents. The purpose of the present study was to determine the model for predicting road deaths and injuries in West Azerbaijan province based on the data obtained between 2017-2010 in a time series: Box-Jenkins model. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, all deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents were analyzed during 2017-2010. In order to determine the process of death and injury caused by traffic accidents in West Azerbaijan province, time series and Jenkins series models were used and the process of death and injury from traffic accidents was predicted in this province. Results: It was found that the trend of accidents was unstable in the study period and the best model to predict is the ARIMA model (1, 0, 2) with AIC = 38/78 as a suitable model for series fitting. Due to the lack of seasonal trend of road accidents in West Azerbaijan province, the trend is decreasing. In fact, in 2018 there were about 269 deaths which decreased by %7. 4 as compared to that in the year 2017. Conclusion: It seems that the trend of accidents for the upcoming year is also declining, which is a good trend.

Background: Groin pain is one of the common problems in multidirectional sports. The rate and complexity of injury result in prolongation and high rate of this injury. However, no study is reported to accurately examine the muscle activity during dynamic and functional activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the average amplitude of EMG (AEMG) and co-contraction ratio (CCR) of selected thigh and thoracic muscles during turning in individuals with chronic groin pain and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A totsl of 32 male athletes (groin pain group, n = 16, and healthy group. n = 16) with the mean age of 25 years participated in the present experimental study. The electrical activity of the Internal oblique / Transversus Abdominis (IO / Tr. A), Multifidus (MF), Adductor Longus (AL), and Gluteus Medius (GM) muscles during the 11 cycles of gait coupled with turning and the mean muscle activity and muscle co-contraction ratio were compared between the two groups. It is worth mentioning that, for a more detailed analysis, we divided each cycle diagram into four phases. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23, running paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test with the significance level set at p<0. 05. Results: The results indicated that in the mean muscle activity (AEMG) during gait coupled with turning, apart from the third phase (P = 0. 70) in the IO/ Tr, a muscle in the trunk [in the third phase (P = 0. 27) and fourth (P = 0. 54)] in the AL and fourth phase [(P = 0. 96)] in GM foot left, there was a significant difference in other phases (P <0. 05). Also, there was a significant difference observed in the CCR, except for the second phase (P = 0. 37) of the trunk and the fourth phase (P = 0. 69) of the left foot in the rest of the phases (P <0. 05). Conclusion: In individuals with chronic groin pain, muscular activity and co-contraction changed during turning, resulting in compensatory strategies and movement control defects, which may be a useful tool to predict chronic groin pain occurrence in players with a history of groin pain.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted in the recent years on the impact of resistance training on the physical function of the elderly people. In the current study, the effect of a-12week combined exercise on P3NP, CAF, and physical activity of the elderly was investigated. Materials and Methods: The present study is an experimental with a pre-test post-test design. A total of 21 elderly were selected in a purposeful manner and randomly divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 10 participants and a combined training group (n = 11). Combined exercises consisted of three sets of resistance-speed training with the intensity of %50-60 of 1RM and 8-10 repetitions (13-10 seconds) with four-way walking in different intensities. Before and after the exercise, BMI, physical performance tests, and serum levels of P3NP and CAF indices were evaluated in all groups using ELISA method. ANOVAs tests with repeated measurements were used to determine variables changes within the groups. Results: The results showed that functional performance improved in the training group compared with the control group (p <0. 05). Also, the combined exercise program was not found to have a significant effect on serum levels of P3NP and CAF (ρ = 0. 146 and ρ =0. 124). Conclusion: It seems that performing resistance-speed exercise with walking in different directions could improve physical performance and might have showed down the process of decreasing neuromuscular quality in the elderly people.