POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:3 (19)|Papers Count:6

This research aimed to study the role of resiliency and psychological hardness in predicting the psychological well-being of mothers of children with adaptive-cognitive disabilities. The design of the research was a correlational type. The statistical population included all mothers of children with cognitive-adaptive disabilities in 2018-2-19. Therefore, by convenience sampling, 80 mothers from this group were selected, and Beshart’ s Psychological Well-being, Kobasa’ s Psychological Hardness, and Conner & Davidson’ s Resiliency Inventories were used to gather the data. Pearson’ s correlation coefficient indicated that both resiliency and psychological hardness have significant relationships with psychological well-being. The results of multiple regression revealed that both of these variables could predict psychological well-being in mothers of children with cognitive-adaptive disabilities. More research is needed to achieve evidence-based practice and develop and implement educational programs, including resiliency and psychological hardness, to improve the psychological well-being of mothers' children with cognitive-adaptive disabilities.

Infidelity is among deficits that may put families at risk of collapse. This study aimed to investigate the effect of religious attitude on attitudes towards infidelity with the mediation of subjective well-being (SWB). Therefore 400 married women in Bojnord were selected using available/convenience sampling and were asked to respond to Religious Attitudes Questionnaire by Khodayari Fard, Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale by Whatley, and, Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener, and Positive & Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method (SEM). The results showed a significant negative effect of religious attitudes on infidelity and a significant negative effect of subjective well-being on infidelity attitudes. Additionally, subject well-being mediated the effect of religious attitudes on attitudes toward infidelity. In other words, religious attitudes can reduce attitudes toward infidelity by influencing subjective well-being.

This study aimed to present and test a model of the effect of the students' locus of control on happiness with the mediation role of optimism and hope. Therefore, 377 participants, including 234 males and 143 females, were selected from among the students of a nonprofit institute of higher education and then were asked to respond to Rotter's Locus of Control and Adult Hope Scales, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Life Orientation Test. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Also, to investigate the indirect effects of the research model, the bootstrapping method was used. The results showed that the fit indices for the research model were in the favorable range; therefore, the model was consistent with the data. Also, the model's direct effects showed that locus of control affected the optimism was significant. The effect of hope on happiness was significant; the locus of control and optimism on hopefulness was also significant. Still, the effect of optimism on happiness was not significant. Finally, the results showed that all of the indirect effects were significant. The locus of control has a significant impact on the mediation of optimism and hope, on the students' sense of happiness. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as influential factors promoting happiness.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sports-vision training and mindfulness on visual perception and decision-making accuracy of basketball referees. The participants of this study consisted of 52 (20 females and 32 males) basketball referees who were selected using convenience sampling method and matched based on gender and degree of judgment in four groups: sports-vision training, mindfulness training, combined (sportsvision training and mindfulness training), and control group. The sports-vision training and combined groups participated in an eight week sports vision training three sessions per week. Mindfulness and combined groups received mindfulness training for eight weeks one session per week. During this period, the control group performed their daily activities. Before intervention and one day and also one month after the intervention, the accuracy of referees’ decision making was evaluated using video test and visual perception by eye tracking device. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings of the study showed that visual perception and decision-making accuracy in sports vision training, mindfulness training and combined groups were significantly better than the control group in the post-test and follow up, but no significant difference was observed between the training groups. Therefore, it is suggested that sports-vision training and mindfulness training be used to increase visual perception and accuracy of referee’ s decision making.

This study aimed to assess the mediating role of life's meaning (including two subscales: Presence of Meaning and Search for Meaning) between family cohesion and family flexibility and academic buoyancy. For this purpose, selected 404 students (154 male and 250 female) from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. To assess the variables was used Family Cohesion Questionnaires, Family Flexibility, the Meaning of Life, and Academic Buoyancy. Data analyzed by enter regression manners according to the recommended steps of Baron and Kenny (1986). Results showed that the variable of family flexibility has a direct, positive, and significant effect on academic buoyancy. Also, family flexibility through the Presence of Meaning subscale has indirect effects on academic buoyancy. The family cohesion variable does not directly affect the academic buoyancy; however, this variable, through the presence of meaning subscale and search for meaning, has positively and negatively effects on academic buoyancy, respectively. The findings are discussed in the light of the relevant research literature, and suggestions for further research is presented in this area.

This study aimed to evaluate hope therapy's effect on reducing dysfunctional attitudes in female patients with multiple sclerosis. The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest, a month follow-up, and a control group. The sample included 30 subjects selected through a purposeful sampling method among the female patients admitted to the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) center and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Both groups responded to Weisman and Beck's Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale. In later stages of research, in the experimental group, the hope therapy was conducted for eight sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Subjects completed the Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire in the pre-test (before intervention), post-test (after intervention), and follow-up (one month later) of the last treatment session. The results of repeated measures showed that the time effect and interactive effect of time and group to reducing the dysfunctional attitudes of MS patients were significant. Also, the groups did not differ in the pre-test but differ in post-test and follow-up. The research results showed that hope therapy could be used as an efficient way to reduce dysfunctional attitudes of patients with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the effectiveness of interventions was stable after one month.