OURMAZD JOURNAL
Year:2021 | Volume:- | Issue:55 (Supp 2)|Papers Count:13

Utopia known as the ideal city, nowhere land, is an unachievable city of wishes and the famous platonic city, is a place each free humankind seeks within. There is an alliance among the men of literature and intellects about this city and its characteristics. All of them seek this unachievable place in their poems and writings in the most hidden part of their minds for releasing from their sorrows, problems and aspiring for humankind’ s joy and prosperity. Through it, they search for a world free from sorrow, jealousy, and misery. There are many poets in Persian language who have examined Utopia. Sohrab Sepehri is one of these poets whose Utopia is a symbol of ideal reality without faults and of course an indicator of an unachievable truth. Among Arab poets, Ahmad Al-Moti Hijazi has also defined principles and features for human being’ s way of living, and counted them as guarantees for human being’ s prosperity, and somehow pointed to unachievable city of wishes; the present study aims at examination of various aspects of Utopia from Hijazi’ s point of view and its manifestations in Sepehri’ s poetry. To do it, we firstly employed library sources and documents for compiling information which were desired then, we analyzed the compiled data.

In study and investigation of one poet, its success and not be success is depend on some factors as artistic and technical beauties, human background, cultural backing and extend and influence in society. Interrelation of these factors makes nobility and summit of one poet or his unvalued and descent in the area and kingdom of society and culture. Among noted factors, artistic and technical beauties have specific importance and it is vigorous assistance and backing in the hand of poet that make success other aspects of the poem. Criteria that in this area have importance in the poem of a poet are pré cis and consist of imagery, language, rhythm and form of the poem. Investigation of some these criteria, be common between traditional critics centuries ago. This paper aim that investigates and consult the long poem “ ZIYAFAT” from SHAMLOO based on aesthetic and technical beauties. In study and survey about aesthetic and technical ascension of poem “ ZIYAFAT” from SHAMLOO, we attend to imagery, language, rhythm, form and blending of creating elements and components of poem. Result of this study show that SHAMLOO has non-abstract imagery because of poem frame in the new and novel form and he has perfectly used sentence capability and rhetoric in language. In this long poem, all the poem components correspond with together in a corporate form.

Psychological critique deals with issues such as the author's conscience, passion and inspiration, individual and collective subconscious, archetype, but in general all the issues and currents that are formed in the writer's mind, such as the motives of words and actions are also considered. From the point of view of psychological critique, the story of Sheikh Sanan is the story of the conscious encounter of an ascetic old man and the forgotten elements of his subconscious mind that appear with symbols of taboo-breaking. The challenge is to make a change in Sheikh Sanan's attitude and life so that he can recognize and accept these backward aspects. The personality structure of "I", "Framan" and "Institution" and the three parts of the self-conscious, subconscious and unconscious mind, the archetypes of anima, animus, old sage, hero and also related concepts such as shadow, travel and rebirth, Sheikh Sanan's story has a high capacity for interpretation based on theories of psychological criticism. In this article, based on the psychological critique of the events of Sheikh Sanan's story, it is examined and shown how Pir Sanan recognizes a part of the forgotten instincts and hidden tendencies in the subconscious mind. The personality and mental structure of Pir Sanan is also examined. In the end, it is concluded that the story of Sheikh Sanan shows important parts of the human mind and personality that can only be known through psychological criticism.

Lullabies are part of the oral literature of any nation, having their roots in the distant past of that nation. In Persian literature, research has been done on this type of oral literature. However, according to the works that have been done in this field in Laki literature and it has been more in the form of collection and it is also scattered and less content analysis; This research seems necessary. Lullabies in the Laki dialect express many of the hopes, aspirations and concerns of the mothers of this land; Therefore, in this study, we have tried to study the literary structure and content of Laki lullabies and the frequency of lullabies is another goal of this study. Is to escape the social, cultural and economic situation of this country through the concepts of lullabies On the other hand, to express the position of women as mothers and their social and cultural concerns

The issue of text coherence has long been the focus of many scholars and researchers of literary works. Each of them, according to their skills and interests, studied the effects of the past and the present. They have all developed a large percentage of their studies based on the role-oriented linguistic approach ofMichael Halliday and Roghayeh Hassan(1985). Some have examined a work with all the elements of coherence, and some have dealt with only one category. In this study, which is based on a review of more than 15 articles, all of which have used Holliday theory and good text coherence، An attempt has been made to analyze the short story of the trenches and empty flasks, which is a postmodernist work. First, all the words that are included in the lexical coherence components are identified and written Then, based on the statistics obtained, we take a percentage from each, and finally it becomes clear what percentage of this story is coherent and which element is used the most. What was obtained in this research was that in this story, the word has the most relevance and silence, and the reason for this is mostly due to the style of the author and the type of story writing. Repetition of the conjunction letter has the most role in coherence of the text of the story because the scattering between the sentences together only with the conjunction letter and form the story.

Proverbs are an integral part of the lives of people in human societies, and all people interact with it, willingly or unwillingly. As in the field of literature, it has a high role and position; So that its scientific and social value is not less than the inscriptions. The history of the proverb in Arabic dates back to the pre-Islamic period and in Persian it is not possible to mention the exact date of its origin. There are many common concepts and themes in Arabic and Persian proverbs, and the reason for this can be considered the geographical proximity and the intertwining of the script and language of the two cultures. The present article examines the elements of ignorance and wisdom and their subsets in Arabic and Persian proverbs. And it has been proven that moral and social concepts have been the same in all cultures, especially the culture of Iranians and Arabs.

Daneshvar's short stories are important in several ways: First, the type of story writing in terms of approach To other contemporary storytelling techniques due to the existence of meaningful and symbolic mythological signs along with presentation Culture is general. Demonstrating the literary and artistic value of any work depends on its aesthetics; Simile in addition That it is one of the important and basic pillars of the science of expression; Study and analysis of its types in terms of structure and content It can also express the specific style and language of the poet and writer. This research is intended from the perspective of application Simile can open the way for those interested in literary works to better understand his poetry and poetic beauties. Be. Using the information obtained from identifying similes in Simin Daneshvar's short stories The frequency of the use of similes in these works will be determined so that the author's tendency towards this artistic preparation and role It should be revealed in the literary aspect of his speech. The general result of this research is the author's approach to simile in drama Atefeh is one of the characteristics of Khorasani style. Therefore, the researcher in this research intends to analyze Simile in the stories of Simin Daneshvar The various dimensions and importance of different types of simile in the short stories of this author To study and explore.

Darabnameh story is the worthwhile work of Abutaher Tartoosie, the story teller in the sixth century of Hegria. Although this heroic story consist of worthwhile contents and has its specific beauties but it has forgatten and has remained unknown. It has been seldom seen that audience of fiction literature read this valuable work. On the other hand, few fiction literature researchers have shown attention to this story. Therefore, the author tried to analyze the story elements like design and scene to explain what characteristics do these aforementioned elements have? And in this way, the author expressed some of the story’ s beauties and worthwhile components. The design is to some extent weak and the cause and effect relationships between the story’ s incidents are not efficiently powerful. In The scene element time and place are unclear and the size and spatial dimensions are not mentioned and largely unrealistic. However there are some real scenes.

The Pre-Islamic Arabs Mu’ alaqat composed by seven poets of the pre-Islamic era were so popular in terms of eloquence, rhetoric, and acceptance of Arabic literature that they were written in gold script and hung on the curtain of the Kaaba. This is the expression of the imagination of the pre-Islamic Arab poets who have created beautiful images of their primitive life in the desert and the shepherds of camels and shepherds who were the companions of the Arabs. In fact, pre-Islamic literature is the result of thought, emotion and imagination, although this imagination has the same color as the desert and the scope of the imagination of the pre-Islamic poet is not wide. But in the pre-Islamic Arab poetry, similes and their belongings play an important role. This article examines the element of simile and its belongings in the poets of the pre-Islamic Arab era by the method of content analysis and library tools and it turns out that simile and metaphor is one of the most important forms of imagination in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry.