SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

The objective of this study was the detection of polymorphism in 5-Flanking region of Pit-1 gene and its association with growth traits in Iranian native Goose by PCR-SSCP method. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from 160 Goose from East Azerbaijan breeding station located in Malekan. DNA was extracted from whole blood using the Bailes method and polymerase chain reactions were performed for amplification of 241 bp fragment containing in 5-Flanking region of Pit-1 gene. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) was used for genotyping. For this purpose, vertical electrophoresis of PCR products was performed on 8% acrylamide gel, at 120 V, for 18 h at 4 C˚ . Silver-staining of gels is used to detect, resulted in four genotypic patterns of 1, 2, 3 and 4 with frequencies of 31. 2%, 36. 4%, 7% and 25. 4%, respectively. Analysis of variance was performed using GLM proc of SAS software. The statistical analysis indicated that the effect of different patterns was significant on the 30-Day Bodyweight, but on the 60-90-150-Day Bodyweight had no significant effect.

To investigate the effect of dietary Morus alba leaves on intestinal morphology of broiler chickens, 180 one day old Ross chicks were purchased and randomly divided into four equal groups (each group contains 45 chickens in 3 replicates). Group 1 as control group received basal diet, groups 2, 3 and 4 received diet supplemented with 0. 25%, 0. 5% and 1% Morus alba leaves, respectively. Chicks were provided a standard diet based on corn. Chicks were raised on floor-pen under standard conditions until day 42 of age. At days 21 and 42, six chicks of each group were randomly selected and samples were taken from Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum for morphometric analysis. The findings of this study showed that increasing dietary Morus alba had a positive effect on intestinal morphology parameters and in 1% it was significant. The duodenum villous length and width were significantly greater in the group supplemented by 1% Morus alba than control. In addition, high levels of Morus alba leaves (0. 5% and 1%) increased the surface of small intestine compared to the control group.

Due to the importance of immune system and important roles of lymph nodes against pathogens and with regard to there were not any study about the anatomy of lymph nodes in sheep fetuses, This research was conducted to study macroscopic developmental growth of lymph nodes in fetal period. Also, anatomical specifications and estimating time of formation of some important lymph nodes evaluated. For this purpose, sixty sheep fetuses collected from slaughterhouse of Ahvaz, after fixation in 10% formalin solution and sex determination, were divided into four groups according to CRL. Mandibular, superficial cervical (prescapular), caudal mediastinal, jejunal mesenteric and popliteal lymph nodes from five lympho centers included head, neck, thorax, abdominal viscera and pelvic limb was evaluated, respectively. In each sample, appearance formation of nodes was studied and in the case of formation, gross shape, location, and their number were checked. In this research, a morphological study of the lymph nodes in the sheep fetuses showed that mandibular, prescapular and jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes, commonly had and ovoid shape in all groups. However, with regard to the mesenteric lymph node, other forms were seen with age increasing.

According to the tradition of raising sheep and goats and economic dependence of rural households to produce meat and wool, therefore, one of the most important challenges in this livestock is establishing energy balance and nutritional needs. In the present study to determine the prevalence of negative energy balance and to investigate some metabolic disorders around lambing conducted. For this purpose 148 blood samples from pregnant (104) and non-pregnant (44) ewes collected and the age and the BCS also recorded. Serum concentrations of BHB, calcium, glucose, urea, total protein and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by routine laboratory methods. The results showed significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant sheep from point of BHB, calcium, glucose, urea concentrations and also between singleton and twin pregnant sheep from point of age, BHB, calcium, glucose, urea and TAC concentrations. Interaction of correlation between age and BCS with serum BHB concentration evaluated, there was no statistically significant correlation but statistically significant positive correlation between the concentration of BHB and urea and a significant negative correlation between BHB and glucose was observed. It was also found that 16. 35, 46. 15 and 97. 11 percent of pregnant ewes in the current study suffering from hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and subclinical pregnancy toxemia (hyperketonaemia), respectively. Accordingly, peri-partum metabolic disorders in Arabic sheep was worse than imagined. It can be concluded, the overwhelming population of Khuzestan province's livestock are sheep; as a result, attention to the nutritional and management issues, especially in a terminal month of pregnancy and the first few weeks of lambing emerge more than ever.

Bacterial metapneumovirus infection is a respiratory infection in turkeys and poultry flocks, which mainly affects the upper respiratory tract. For study of the common type of avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) in broiler chickens in Isfahan province, 35 broiler chicken flocks with high mortality were sampled. After RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA, AMPV was investigated by one pair of specific primer. The AMPV positive samples were investigated for AMPV types (A, B, C and D) by type specific primers. Results showed 17 out of 35 (48. 57%) of flocks were infected to AMPV. In this study, 56 out of 210 samples (26. 66%) were positive for AMPV. The mean of morbidity to AMPV was 54. 90% in sampled flocks. The typing of positive samples showed all of the positive samples belonged to B type. In conclusion, by considering to a high distribution of B type of AMPV in broiler chicken flocks, it is necessary to apply for a proper AMPV vaccination program with autogenic strains, after approval of pathogenicity of AMPV strains.

The objective of this study was to determine the relative biological value of several different di-calcium phosphates (DCPs) produced in Iran. The samples of DCPs were randomly taken from the final product of 26 domestic DCP production factories that were active at the time of the study in 12 different provinces. After analyzing and determine the standard indices, only 7 samples of Di-calcium phosphate which had the national standard were chosen. Seven hundred and twenty day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were purchased and randomly divided into 8 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 15 birds in each. The birds were kept and reared in battery cage system for 21 days. Phosphoric acid (85%) was used to provide the phosphorus in control and different DCP samples were included as the source of phosphorus in other treatments. Body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were calculated on days of 10 and 21. At the end experimental period (21 days) the amount of ash, calcium and phosphorus of tibia bones was measured. There was no significant difference between control and experimental treatments in terms of the production indices on 21 days of age, but a significant difference was observed in body weight gain between control and treatment F on 10 days of age. There was no significant difference in bone ash content of control and experimental treatments. The amounts of tibia calcium were significantly lower in treatments F and G than those of control. Amount of bone phosphorus in B, C, F and G treatments were significantly lower than control. The relative biological values of the experimental samples (DCPs), according to two indices of body weight gain and bone ash for the samples of Di-calcium phosphate A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were estimated 98. 1, 103. 3, 96. 9, 100. 2, 97. 9, 94. 0, and 100. 2 percent, respectively. According to the results of this study it could be concluded that some of the domestic DCPs had not the necessary standards, while some of them have high and acceptable biological value.

The infection in dairy heifers may damage the developing secretary tissues reducing the future milk production in such animals. The efficacy of antibiotics for treating MI in unbred and primigravid heifers has been demonstrated by a few researchers. The objective of the present study was to compare the times of dry cow therapy in control of postpartum MI and milk production in primigravid heifers. For this purpose, 75 primigravid heifers were selected and placed in three groups including 60 days before parturition (group A), 30 days before parturition (group B), and 30-60 days before parturition (group c). Preepartum mammary glands secretions were collected to investigate microbial contamination. Then, intramammary treatment with cloxacillin ointment was done in 50 heifers in two groups of A and B. In third day after parturition, 10 ml milk sample of 75 heifers was collected separately in a 12ml sterile tube to investigate microbial contamination. Milk producing of heifers in three groups was recorded in 30, 60 and 90 days after parturition. Based on bacterial culture results mammary gland secretaries, in before and after parturition, the least bacterial contamination was observed in group B heifers and the most contamination was observed in a control group of heifers. Between Heifers in group A and C, a significant difference was found. By survey on milk production of three group heifers, it was found that there is significant differentiation between milk production in 30 and 90 days after parturition in three group and maximum production was demonstrated in group B and then in heifers group A. In this research, the best response to the treatment was demonstrated in group B, but, because of probability of antibiotic persistence in milk, recommended that dry cow therapy be done in 60 days before parturition.

Abomasal hypomotility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some abomasal disorders such as abomasal bloat that there are some serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance and for decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine can be an appropriate approach. Evaluating effect of Bunium persicum L on lamb, s abomasal emptying is the goal of this study. This study was conducted on twelve five-day-olds Sangsari-female-lamb (average weight 4 kg). lambs received five oral treatments including saline (30ml), Erythromycin (100 mg/kg), Caraway (0. 4 gr/kg), Caraway (0. 6 gr/kg) and Caraway (0. 8 gr/kg), respectively. Acetaminophen absorption test was used to evaluating the rate of abomasal emptying. After drawing relational model between plasma Acetaminophen concentration and time with regression method showed that treating with erythromycin and different levels of aqueous extract of Caraway seed (0. 4, 0. 6 and 0. 8 g/kg) increased the rate of abomasal emptying in comparison to the negative control, significantly. The stimulatory effect of erythromycin on abomasal emptying was higher than the aquatic extract of Caraway seed, significantly. No clinical side effect were observed following the administration of erythromycin and Caraway in lambs. This study showed that aqueous extract of Caraway seed has a stimulatory effect on lamb's abomasal emptying but more studies are needed on the effect of this seed, s components on abomasal emptying.

The purpose of present study was to examine the protective effect of chromium supplement against damages which is induced by physiological stress and evaluation of apoptosis in Bursa of Fabricius of broilers through Immunohistochemical tracing of p53 and caspase-3 proteins. in this experimental study, 320 male Ross broilers were used. This study was designed as a 2 x 4 factorial, with two stress levels (under stress and stress free) and four levels of chromium-methionine supplement (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000ppb) in diet, which distributed into 4 accidental repeated groups of 10 each. stress was induced by adding dexamethasone to the diet, during 17 to 24 days of age. At the end, broilers in all groups were euthanized and the samples that include Bursa of Fabricius were obtained then pathological and immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated. Physiological stress caused significant changes in medulla and cortex in the lymphatic follicle of Bursa of Fabricius. Based on this study, Chromium-methionine supplementation could ameliorate the effects of Physiological stress in Bursa of Fabricius. Physiological stress caused significant increases in p53 and caspase-3 expression levels in Bursa of Fabricius. Chromium-methionine administration markedly reduced the expression levels of p53 and caspase-3 after inducing physiological stress.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of protected glutamine (Gln) supplementation in the diet of Holstein fresh cows after parturition on dry matter intake (DMI), plasma metabolites, body condition score (BCS) and reproductive performance. Forty Holstein dairy cows (796± 58 kg of pre-parturition live weight; 3. 25± 0. 35 BCS) at zero d of parturition were divided to four groups (n=10), including: basal diet (control group: a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of 49% forage and 51% concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis), basal diet supplemented with 150, 250 or 350 g of Gln protected with formaldehyde/cow per day. Dry matter intake of experimental treatments on 21 d after calving were 12. 09, 14. 39, 15. 40 and 97. 15 kg/d respectively. Plasma glucose concentrations of 1 to 4 treatments on 21 d after calving were 48. 8, 55. 0, 59. 2 and 60. 5 mg/dl respectively. total protein concentrations of 1 to 4 treatments on 21 d after calving were 5. 02, 5. 98, 7. 10 and 7. 20 g/dl respectively. AST concentrations of 1 to 4 treatments on 21 d after calving were 132. 5, 82. 1, 73. 3 and 71. 3 U/l respectively. Dietary supplementation with protected Gln had no effect on blood urinary nitrogen. The cows that received Gln changed the BCS less than the control treatment. Dietary supplementation of Gln had no effect on reproductive performance and the number of artificial insemination leading to pregnancy and also the interval between calving to pregnancy were not significant between treatments.

Infectious Coryza (IC) an acute respiratory disease of chicken that caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum( Av. P). Immunity offered by a commercial IC killed oil vaccine against a native field isolate of Av. P serogroup A of Iran was studied by designing a vaccination/challenge experiment. 36 SPF birds of 14 weeks old were randomly divided into three separate groups. One group was vaccinated by two doses within 2 weeks by a commercial vaccine. After two weeks of last vaccination, this group and the second one were challenged with 1×10 8 CFU/ml bacterial suspension prepared from fresh 24 hours cultured of Av. p through infraorbital sinus. The third group kept as the control only received phosphate buffer saline. Three birds from each group were bled for serum sample collection on days of 2, 4, 6 and 8 after challenge. On Clinical observation of the first group, mild swelling on inoculation site was developed on the second day of the experiment that gradually disappeared on days after. In the second group on post-infection day (PID) of 2, nasal discharge and facial swelling that extended to become bilateral beside tracheal rales were noticed in all bird throughout the experiments days. For all birds Sero-conversions monitored by serum plate agglutination (SPA) and agar gel precipitation (AGP) test using antigen prepared from 24 hours culture of bacterium. While birds of control remained negative, All bird of the first group shown positive serum reaction by SPA and AGP tests while in the second group, only SPA becomes positive after 6 PID. In conclusion, this native isolate has an antigenic relationship with vaccine contained strains and the commercial vaccine can prevent must clinical sign in infected birds. However, more studies needed to verify serovar identity of isolate and reach a conclusive outcomes about the efficacy of currently used vaccine in country.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is component of the normal flora of the human intestine, mammals and birds, however, some strains of E. coli due to have virulence factors, are pathogenic. The aim of the current study was to determine the frequency of iucD, tsh, and iss genes in broiler flocks infected with colibacillosis in east Azarbaijan-Iran. One Hundred and seventeen E. coli isolates from colibacillosis infected broilers with pericarditis, perihepatitis, and air sacculitis investigated. First, standard screening tests and culture was done, and then standard primers and PCR was used for genotype evaluation of isolates in regard of iucD, tsh, and iss genes. In 29 samples (24. 78%) all genes (iucD, iss, and tsh) was positive, and 29 (24. 78%), 39 (33. 33%), and 44 (37. 60%) of samples was positive in regard of dual combinations of genes tsh/iss, tsh/iucD, and iss/iucD, respectively. In addition, 34. 18%, 37. 60%, and 91. 45% of isolates possess tsh, iss, and iucD, respectively. Our results indicated which higher percent of evaluated isolates have the ability to produce aerobactin, and the various combination of genes seen in 24. 785 to 37. 60% of isolates. It seems more investigation needed to the evaluation of virulence factors of east Azarbaijan broilers.