JOURNAL OF MAZANDARAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2004 | Volume:14 | Issue:43|Papers Count:18

Background and purpose: Digitalis nervosa is a wild species growing in Tran and the major cardenolode of this species is lanatoside A. D nervosa cell culture was estabilished and its secondary metabolites were studied.Materials and methods: Seeds of D. nervosa were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol or 5% Sodiume hypochlorite, then healthy seedlings were produced. The jemol, Hypocoty1 root tip of seedling were transferred onto the Murshige and Skoog (MS) culture media containing different concentrations of plant growth rgulators.The Phytochemical studies on callus and plant were carried out using thin layer chromatography (YLC). Total Cardiac glaycosides in plant and callus were determined by spectrophotometric method.Results: Sodium hypochlirite had less negative effect on the seedling production comparing with Ethanol.The best callus intiation and estabilishment was observed in media containing K (0.5mg/l), 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l), NAA (1 mg/l) as plant growth regulators. Callus formed from the root part of seedies revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and Cardiac glycosides in both callus and plant extracts. The amount of cardiac glysosides in plant was 358 mg/100 gr. Dry.W. This amount varied from 29.68 to 15.90 mg/100 gr. Dry. Wt in the 7 th Generation of callus.Conclusions: The ratio between auxin and cytokinin is one of the important factors to callus production. The 3: 1 ratio demonstrated the best callus growth on D. Nervosa cell culture. The callus culture of D. nervosa showed the ability of producing cardiac glycosides howere, this ability reduced by repeated subculturing.

Background and purpose: So far many protein factors capable of inhibiting the immune system are secreted by different cancer cell lines in the culture supernatant and characterized. In this report, the release of DNA fragments into the culture supernatant of human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60, with immunosuppressive activity was investigated.Materials and methods: HL-60 culture supernatant was concentrated and applied to ion-exchange DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column. The column was eluted with NaCl gradient and the fractions were collected for assay. Fractions with immunosuppressive activity were purified with HPLC.Result: The data show that trypsin and RNase have no effect on antiproliferation, but DNase destroyed the immunosuppressive activity. The DNA with irreversible immuno-suppressive activity was found to be double-stranded with the molecular weight range between 0.6 and 1.5 kilobases. This DNA did not change the cell number and viability and as a result was not cytotoxic. Cell cycle analysis has suggested that DNA molecule could arrest the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in G1 phase, and prevent the cells from entering into the proliferating S phase.Conclusion: These data show that DNA like immunosuppressive proteins could inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes as well as the proliferation of some cancer cells.

Background and purpose: Candida albicans is an environmental microflora of vagina. The circumstance of response to antigenic component of Candida albicans is variable in different patients, and probably plays an important role in course of vaginitis. The purpose of this study was to determine IgE and IgG antibodies to Candida albicans in sera from patients with acute and chronic candida and non-candidal vaginitis.Materials and methods: In this study, Candida albicans was grown on Medium. Then yeast cells were carefully harvested from the surface of the solid medium. After disruption of the yeast cells, samples were centrifuged at 25000 rpm. Supernatants were collected and used as a crude extract. Protein components of the crude extracts were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose filter. The component vaginitis (n-80, 20 patients from each groups) and visualized by Enzyme-labeled anti-human IgE and IgG antibodies in chromogenic substrate.Results: in SDS-PAGE a total of 15 different protein bands (13-75 Kda) were observed in crude extract of C.albicans, however in immunoblotting none of protein bands gave response with IgE antibodies. On the contrary, protein bands with molecular weight of 25 and 52 KDs gave strong response with IgG antibodies in 100% of sera from chronic candidal vaginitis patients. Whereas, acute non-candidal vaginitis patients did not react with any protein bands. 100% of sera from acute candidal vaginitis patients gave strong response only with 47 Kda protein bands and 55% of chronic non-candidal vaginitis patients gave weak response with 47 Kda protein bands.Conclusion: Our results showed that anti-Candida IgE to 25 Kda protein bands and 47 Kda protein band was strongly related to chronic and acute course of candidal vaginitis, respectively.

Background and purpose: Terbinafine, a drug of allylamines group, is a new class of antimycotic agents that blocks sterol biosynthesis in the fungi through inhibition of sequalene epoxidase and consequent sequalene accumulation, a primarily fungicidal process. Terbinafine is very effective on various fungi as an oral and topical antifungal agent. In present study, the antifungal efficacy of 1% terbinafine cream vs. 2% miconazole was assessed in a double blind randomized trial in patients with pityriasis versicolor.Materials and methods: Forty patients (24 male, 16 female), mean age 25.1 (range: 13-63) were enrolled on the basis of random sample table, and the treatment with terbinafine or miconazole were applied twice daily for 4 weeks. To evaluate the efficacy and cure rate of the drug, mycological examination was performed before starting the study and at the end of each week of treatment. A patient was considered mycologically cured when direct microscopy was negative, and clinically cured when all clinical parameter considered were negative.Results: Negativizations of all clinical parameters were observed within 2 weeks in 70% of terbinafine and 35% miconazole patients. At the end of the treatment, 85% of terbinafine and 80% of miconazole patients were clinically cured (X2 and exact fisher test were not shown any difference). Negativizations pattern of hyperchromia and desquamation in two treatment groups were not significantly different. The percentage of Negativization of direct microscopy was 1.4 fold in 1% terbinafine vs. 2% miconazole after 2 weeks of treatment (These differences were not statistically significant). Drug eruption and intolerance in two groups were not significantly different. Clinical relapse after 2 weeks were obsened in 7.1% terbinafine patients and 42.8% miconazole patients. Clinical relapse after 16 weeks was 18.2% in terbinafine patients and 64.3% miconazole patients (Significantly different).Conclusion: The results of the present trial indicate that fungicidal activity of 1% terbinafine and 2% miconazole was similar and both were not 100% effective. Terbinafine was rapid in action. Although terbinafine is slightly more effective than miconazole, it is available only on prescription at much greater cost. The relapse rate of %1 terbinafine was less than %2 miconazole. Thus based on the most cost effective strategy, we recommend initial treatment with miconazole and the use of terbinafine only if that fails.

Background and purpose: In early 2001 an epidemyic of CCHF occurred in Isfahan province of IRAN. According to some reports IVIG may be useful some cases of CCHF. The aim of this study was to compare the standard regimen of oral Ribavirin with or without IVIG in CCHF patients.Materials and methods: 40 proven CCHF patients were included in the study, %30 (12 patients) were administered ribaverin plus IVIG (case group) and %70 (28 patients) took ribaverin alone (control group). The clinical parameters of all patients were followed up for 8 weeks.Results: The mean duration for disappearance of fever and other clinical symptoms were 4.6 and 5 days in case and control groups respectively (p= 0.27).The mean time for WBC and liver function tests(LFT) normalization were 3.6 and 5.8 and 3.9 and 7.5 days in case and control groups respectively)p= 0.002) and (p=0.001). there was no significant difference in mortality rate.Conclusion: Although IVIG administration declined the duration of the dizare and caused earlier improvement in clinical and para- clinical data, it seems that it did not exert any significant effect on outcome of the disease.

Background and purpose: helicobacter pylori are the most prevalent infection in the world particulary in the developmening countries, which usally leads to gastritis gastric ulcer, deudenalulcer, even gastric cancer and lymphoma. Considering the importance of this infection and its different pevalance rate in different countries and various socioeconomical statuses in Sari and suburbe, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of helico bacter pylori and its predisposing factors in urban and raral.Materials and methods: aleas of Sari country. 394 people of Sari were selected (random) Step by step.Personal characterististics including age, sex place of residence socioeconomic stantus i.e fathers- occupation, parents education, dwelling situation, family size water consumpt on residence orea percaput and etc were recorded in the forms. Serum samples were examined for the existence of Ab IgG by Elisa method (Radim screen, Grnsis diagnostic company, Italy) Statistical analysis of the results was done by spss and X2 test.Result: The prevalence of spss p. was 64/2% (a=0.s) with a positive correlation between the prevalence of H.P infection and females age (p<0.05) fathers education (P< 0.005), dwelling situation (p<0.05), number of family members (p<0.005) Gender of kids (p<0.05) and missed dentine (p<0.05). Hawere there was no significant relationship between H.P infection and residentioal place, mothers education, his mothesjob, toundation area, smoking, hygine level, socio-economic level, decay and filled dentine and abdominal.Conclusion: According to the increased prevalence of H.P inection and its complication health education, tight control of water and re-infection is recommended in patiets who are treatment by bacteriocidal drugs. Therefore we have to use clinical diagnostic for confirmation of H.P fcr preseription of bacteriosided drug.

Background and purpose: Diabetes is one the most common metabolic disease. 4.5-6% of Iranian and 14.2% of Yazd people suffer from diabetes. Microalbuminuria occurs before the developement of nephropathy, hence if detected at an early stage, effective therapy can be implemented by normalizaing of glycemia, strict blood pressure control and administration of ACE inhibitors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its correlation with sex, fasting blood glacose, 2 hours post prandial blood sugar, HbAIC and duration of diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients attending Yazd diabetes centre.Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was under taken from November 2002 to july 2003 to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria. 288type 2 diabetic patients (141 male and 147 female) visited at Yazd diabetes center were examined through consecutive sampling.Results: Overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was 14.2%, males 14.9% and in males and females respective 13.6% Chi- square analysis revealed that duration of diabetes is associated with microalbuminuria (Pvalue=0.001). No statiscally significant correlation was found between microalbuminuria and FBS, 2 HPP (BS), sex and HbAIC.Conclusion: The Overall prevalence of microalbuminuria in this study was similar to that reported in India (15.7%) and Saudi arabia (16.8%). Considering the high rate of diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria screening tests are the best was in diabetic nephropathy diagnosis, treatment and prevention of end stage renal disease.

Background and purpose: Planning for adolescent's prepation to face with puberty requi careful formation of their behavior and educational needs in onder to provideeducational information. This study was undertaken to determine KAP girls Secondary students about puberty health in Mazandaran State 2003.Materials and methods: This research is an analytical study on 1708 Mazandaran adolescents KAP for education. Sampling was done by sequentioal method. Data collated using a questioner containing demographic awareness. Attitude and practice question about puberty health. Then based on results educational needs. Were detaming. Data was analyzed using spss program and X2, variance analysis, regression.Result : Mean age and mean age of menarche were 13/33 and 12/3 year respectively educational status of most parents were low(35%), %5.8 of girls knew the meaning of puberty and puberty health awareness(33.4%) was weak. The rate of exercises, bath and nutrition during menses due low knowledge were low (p<0001). Instead of positive attitude to menstruation (73.3%) emotional practice about that was weak (67.8%). Mothers were the first source of information in 62% of girls which explaies thien low level of information (p<0001). Significant relationship was between awareness and health practice (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Despite of willingness of most girls to more about puberty their health information and practice about puberty was low. The other important point is that information should not be limited to knowledge of puberty and menses mechanism, but deeper standing of physical and psychological changes and theirs connection with sex, fertility and marriage health is required.

Background and purpose: Estimation of prevalence for the three stages of smoking in male students of grade-10 in Shiraz, Iran.Materials and methods: This article is the first phase of a comprehnsive study related to adolescents smoking and predictors of transition in the stages.1132 male students of grade-10 were randomly selected from 20 high schools. Each student completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questions aimed to obtain information on smoking, self-esteem, and attitude toward smoking as well as demographic information. Respondent were classified into three stages of smoking (never smoker, experimenter and regular smoker). Results Overall 19.4 percent of students had smoked. 80.6%, 16.9%, and 2.5% were never smoker, experimenter and regular smoker, respectively. Age, major, self-esteem and attitude toward smoking were significantly associated with smoking stages.Conclusions: Smoking prevention should begin with adolesce even younger than age 12.

Background and purpose: Despite the rapid development of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) in recent years, implantation rates after replacement of embryos into the uterine cavity remains low. An important approach to improve embryo quaility and implantation rates has been the use of coculture systems. Hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of cumulus cells monolayer in follicular fluid on mouse early embryo development in vitro.One cell embryos were obtained from Swiss white mouse after superovulation with HMG and hCG. Cumulus cells were prepared from mouse egg-cumulus mass after a short exposure to medium containing hyaluronidase. These cells were seprated from red blood cells using a percoll gradient. Follicular fluid was collected from patients undergoing an IVF program during oocyte pick-up. Granulosa cells monolayer were prepared in Follicular fluid (FC) and Hams F10 medum (HC). Mouse one-cell embryos were cultured in FC, HC, Hams F10 (HF) and follicular fluid (FF) for 120 hours.Only 10% of embryos passed the 2-cell growth block in HF. Howerer, the proportion of 2-cell block passed emboryos were 21%, 27% and 69% in FF, HC and FC respectively which are significantly different from HF (P<0.05). The differences between FC and two other treatment were also significant (P<0.001). In FC, 35% of 4-cell embryos continued to grow to blastocyst stage whereas only 8.9% and 7.7 % of 4-cell embryos in HC and FF reached this stage and no embryos developed to blastocyst in HF. The blastocyst rate in FC was significantly higher (P<0.001).It can be concluded that follicular fluid and cumulus cells in monolayer form may synergistally improved early embryo culture conditions compared with all other treatments.

Background and purpose: Spinal anesthesia is one of the most common techniques in general surgery. We studied the distance from skin to spine to determine whether there is any relationship between patients age, body mass index (BMI), weight and the distance from the skin to the spine. The measurment of the distance from skin to the spine is not as well preformed as the distance from skin to the epidural.Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, general and orthopedic surgery in Jun 2001-March 2003 was included. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L3-L4 space in sitting position. The distance from the skin to subarachnoid with theneedle was advanced until free flow of cerebrospinal fluid was observed. The siatance form the skin to the subarachnoid after injection of lidocaine was measured by a standard ruler.Results: The distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space was 45.2 ± 4.8 mm (mean ± SD). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space body weight (r=0.389, p=0.000), BMI (r=0.298, p=0.002) but a nonsignificant correlation with height (p=0.09, r-0.098).Conclusion: These results indicated that body weight and BMI could be a guidline for identification of subarachnoid space during spinal anesthesia in sitting position.

Background and purpose: Considering the high Regarding to excessive prevalence of examination anxiety among students, its effect on learning and their mean sxcores and also because of stressful nature of studying in nursing we conducted this investigation to determine the effect of relaxation on anxiety level among nursing students.Materials and methods: This is an experimental study on sixth nursing students in two groups (twenty one female and seven male) and control group (n= 32). The were randomly divided and matchedwith regarding of sex, gender, marital status and using of dormitory. Data collecting instrument was a demographic sheet and S7A7- x Shpilberger questionnaire. The level of anxiety was determined before and after relaxation exercises education by Shpilberger questionnaire. Relaxation exercises training (muscular progressive relaxation) were educated at one two-hour session practically and then an education handbook was given to students. They were asked to performing the exercises until the final examinations twice a day for half an hour.Results: Study results showed that anxiety level among 82.1% of case was mild and 53.1% of control group showed moderate level of anxiety. Manwhitney test showed a significant difference between two groups in anxiety level (P<0.000). 89.3% of case group and 40.6% of control group had mild and moderate manifestations of anxiety respectively. ManUwhitney test showed a significant difference between two groups in evident anxiety (P<0.000). 75% of students from case group showed latent anxiety at mild and moderate level respectively ManUWhitney test showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between two groups in latent anxiety. -Sing statistics revealed significant difference inside the case group before, and after training (p<0.000) however, it did not reveal any significant difference inside control group before and after training.Conclusion: This study showed the effect of relaxation exercise training in decreasing anxiety level. It is suggested to accomplish investigations to determine effects of relaxation training on examination anxiety level in other stressful field of studies in medical Sciences.

Background and purpose: Considering the role of scorpion in biting and the rate of morbidity and mortality which is known as one of the main health problems this study study was conducted identify scorpionsin the mountains areas of township Sari city.Materials and methods: In this is descriptive study sampling was done by cluster method samples were found from the beneath of rocks and kept in clean glass bottle date plasce of sampling etc. were recorded, then transferred to laboratory and references identification was performed with the help of stereomicroscope.Results: In this study 875 scorpin samples were collected 10.5% were male 38.85% of species were identifies as Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus and 61.5% Mesobuthus eupeus philipowitschi. All identified species belonged to the family of Bouthidae and 89.15% female.Conclusions: Referring to the obtained date it is clear that Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus and Mesobuthus eupeus philipowitschi live in the study area. There for more studies on me type of the soil, plant covering climatic and other environmental conditions is recommended to be done in the region.

Macicnant plevral mesothestioma is a primary neoplasm of the plevra asbestos exposune Is known to bean important risk factor in about 80% of cases. Ths case report presents A 32 yr old man who has no history of asbestos onset plevrstsl chestpain whsch msmecs pulmonary in farction. Due to embols. By reviewing the records there are few case of sudden onset pasn. In addstion pleuritic pasn was awother unusuas Fea ture of the pasent.

A 32 month old female child admitted to the hospital for chief complains of productive caugh and irritability which had been progressively increased during the two weks despite the treatment. On sonography: A large round 5 cm mass occupied the left side of the heart with infiltration to the adjacent lung. CT scan findings confirm the sonographic result. The mediastinal mass with infiltrative lung nodule was surgically removed and examined histologicallt. The typical branching and anastomosing pattern of cuboidal cells arragngement confirmed the diagnosis of an endodermal yolk sac tumor. Serial sections showed no other tissue component in this tumor. Presence of an exclusive endodermal yolk sac tumor in the mediastinum of a female child is exceptionally rare and only in a few references we could find the same tumor in a female child.