Studies on Arabic Language and Literature
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:27|Papers Count:7

This study provides a new textual interpretation of the poem, Banat Souad by Kaeb bin Zuhair. This study emphasizes defamiliarization, which Kaeb has employed in his poem, technique which produces artistic and ideational richness. This defamliarization has taken place at both morphological and syntactic levels. In his commentary on the poem, Ibn Hisham Ansari, used the same patterns and revealed its hidden meanings. The present study shows Ibn Hisham’ s ability in semantics and points out his multiple interpretations of the same lines of poetry. In this article, we have tried to show the relation between syntax and semantics. Deviation from the textual mainstream is for rhetorical and expressive purposes and the poet employs it show one surprising way of expression. This deviation from the linguistic norms enlivens the language, helps its development and progress, and brings about creative constructions.

Words, including pronouns have emotional connotations and implications out of context, and when they are used in a text, their semantic effect is enhanced by the context. The contemporary poets attempted to use this potential capacity. This means that pronouns, as effective elements, are able to make the text dynamic and stimulate the addressee’ s emotions. Like other writers, Mahmoud Darwish has widely used pronouns in order to utilize their potential to convey his emotional experience. He has succeeded to do so because the basic referential and lexical structure of pronouns refers to concepts such as identity, affiliation, power and solidarity. In addition, they are effective components in the time of creating the work and in the context, having a semantic function in line with the poet’ s thought. The statistical population of this study includes the first-person pronouns used in the divan by Darwish, Why did you leave the Horse Alone. The authors of this article have examined the dispersion and frequency of this pronoun in the work to explore the implications and the aesthetic values. The method employed is descriptive-analytical. The survey shows that the poet narrates the reality of Palestinians, using the first-person plural pronouns. He describes that reality as a “ whirlpool of clashes” . Sometimes, this pronoun is used in the subject position and implies authority and power. Sometimes, it is used in the objective position and connotes a feeble, vulnerable and passive identity. However, the agent in that role is not indifferent and always struggles for a higher position and tries to alter the other’ s situation, making him or her passive. Moreover, Darwish tries to promote solidarity in the nation.

Arabic literature has long been blessed with a kind of poetry called lampoon in which the poet portrays ugly characteristics of an individual or a group. Gradually, the scope of this kind of poetry has been drawn to political literature, as in the works by the poets of the Umayyad Party, such as Akhtal and Meskin Daremi, and Ahwas, as well as Shiite poets. Some examples of this kind of poems can also be found in the poems of such poets as Komeit bin Zaid Asadi, Seyed Ismail Hemyari, and Da'bal Khazaee. This paper uses a descriptive method based on statistical data to study this kind of poetry in the satirical poems of Seyed Heidar Helli and seeks to introduce the various political lampoons used in this kind of poetry. It also tries to answer the question of why the poet is more inclined to use the "history-based lampoons" either directly or implicitly. The results of this study suggest that the political lampoons used in these satirical poem, either the direct or the indirect ones, can be divided into three categories: 1. Exaggerated lampoons, 2. lampoons laced with praise, and 3. History-based lampoons, the reason for the poet's desire to prefer the third category being its persuasive function because of its resort to historical data as well as the harmony of this type of lampoons to ethical and religious principles.

Proverbs are considered a literary and artistic work. This is the reason major books were written about the process of collecting and explaining the origin of proverbs. Proverbs have eloquent designs and narrate highly applicable human experience. They sometimes teach manners and rules of behavior. It seems the originators of proverbs were wise men who knew about the secrets of life and appreciated the general understanding of people and could extract the gist of that understanding and reflect on it. Although poetry is a better outlet for imagination, proverbs can as a type of literary language which yield itself to analysis of the same images we can find in poems. In this study, we examine a number of Hebrew proverbs based on a comparative tradition which includes irony, simile, and metaphor. It is hoped that this study will usher in larger and more applied investigations. The result of this study indicate that the proverbs attributed to Solomon (PBUH) are closer to philosophy while the proverbs attributed to the Jews are more application-oriented and reflect their lifestyle. Moreover, Hebrew proverbs, particularly those which intends to counsel, characteristically include more accessible imagery.

Intellectual and cultural invasion, a new type of colonialism, makes it possible to alienate nations without war. The reflection of such an invasion on identity appears sometimes as schizophrenic symptoms, which turn the colonized into psychos alienated and disconnected from reality. Since issues such as I-Other challenge, and its clear manifestation, namely duality of East/West, are among the most important concepts of post-colonial literary criticism, post-colonial literature, especially the novel, has widely discussed the problem of identity. Arab writers have repeatedly referred to the encounter of the East and the West, and its reflection on post-colonial identity. Using the East-West encounter in the form of men and women relationship, the Sudanese novelist, Amir Taj Alsir, presents the identity crisis of its characters in The French Perfume. However, unlike other novels, this time a western woman comes to the East (Sudan) and causes identity crisis for a man inside his homeland. Indicating the negative implications of this imaginary visit, the novel warns of new methods of western colonization without military apparatus. Using an analyticaldescriptive approach and the post-colonial critical tools, this research seeks to carry out an aesthetic analysis of the application of the masculinity/femininity duality in the expression of the western impacts on the identity of nations in the post-colonial era. The results indicate that the title of the novel represents a soft policy which manages to eliminate even the bitterness and negative attitudes in the colonized nations towards colonialist. The analysis also shows that schizophrenia and dual personality of the hero and his disability in winning the love of his western would-be mistress represent the East’ s disability to achieve Western achievements.

Repetition is a stylistic phenomenon in literary texts and plays a prominent role in the phonological and semantic structure. Abraham Almoqademe is a resistance poet who uses repetition as a stylistic device in his poems. In this study, we survey his employment of the repetition of letters and words and sentences in the court "don’ t steal the sun" as strategies to convey meaning and rhythm. We also describe the most important aspects of repetitions in this poem, relying on statistics and stylistic analysis. Repetition is worth researching because it is one of the most important characteristics which Palestinian resistance poems are recognized by. By surveying repetition, we intend to understand the technical and aesthetic aspects this poetic text. The findings of this study show that repetitions in this poem are both simple and compound repetitions. Simple repetitions are the repetition of sounds and words while compound repetitions are the repetition of sentences. in the Moqademe’ s poem, repetitions are not random and accidental but they are is purposely and systematically harmonized with the music and meanings in the poem in order to demonstrate his love of Palestine, express his sorrow for tragedies and the loss of relatives and friends, and blow invigorate the spirit of resistance and revolt against the occupation.

This research aims to unveil the nature of human spirit as reflected in the poems of an Omayyad poet and describe the social changes that took place in the period, changes which had major influence on the poets’ ways of thinking during that era. These changes have been revealed in the deep and sophisticated thinking which have been featured clearly in the images for aging in Al Arji’ s poetry. These images represent the voice of freedom and the metaphysic inspiration that can penetrate the unconscious sentiments of the human being and recreate his/her picture of reality. Hence, these images are the most precise and reliable groundwork based on which one can formulate a novel picture of the Omayyad society. Poetic images of aging comprised a large bulk of the poems of this poet and therefore serve as an influential artistic tool in reshaping the features of the portrait of the human being in the Omayyad society. These images shows the emergence of storytelling in the Omayyad poetry which in turn adds distinctive artistic values and discloses the inner human characteristics. Moreover, these images provide us with different sentiments and sufferings which people have experienced during the Omayyad era.