Police Historical Studies
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:6

Banu Ka'b were an Arab nomadic tribe residing in Khuzestan and southern Iraq who After the expansion of the territory of the Caliphate the Ottoman Turks, migrated from Qobban (their fatherland) to Ma‘ shū r (Bandar-e Mā hshahr), But after a while they returned to Qobban due to famine and the weakness of the Ottoman rule. Their relative autonomy in southern Iraq and the existing tribal system have enabled them, as a local power, can make troubles against scattered attacks of governors of Baghdad and even, enabled them, as a local power, can make troubles against scattered attacks of governors of Baghdad and they, even, despite of their defeat against his armies, disobeyed Karim Khan every so often, and also made the region unsafe for The Government of the Zand dynasty. The question of research is that what was the actions of Karim Khan to expand Security and regulating local affairs in the residence area of Banu Ka’ b Arabs? The research findings show that Karim Khan has chosen and applied most low-cost way to calm down the region and in the meantime he has been threatened them repeatedly, he tried to keep their power in his hand, on the one hand, and turned their power against other major adversaries such as Ottoman Empire and The Britain Empire and in lesser levels against Omanis Khawarij and governors of Baghdad and Basra. With Karim Khan’ s victories and eventually peace he made with Sheikh Salman, The existence of Kaà bies who had an especially great dominance in southern waterways, was a crucial factor for maintaining security in the region and to restraint Ottoman dominance. Hence, Karim Khan had no tenacity on destruction of Ka’ bies’ power.

One of the main challenges of Fath-Ali Shah's Government was problem of succession and protests of his sons, especially Mohammad Ali Mirza, to choose the Crown Prince Abbas Mirza. Mohammad Ali Mirza, Fath-Ali Shah's eldest son, had not accepted Abbas Mirza as Crown Prince and during his lifetime was always competing with his brother. In this regard, one of the important measures he undertook was regulating the army under his command and modernizing it in the style of European armies. This article, in a descriptive-analysis method, tries to examine Mohammad Ali Mirza’ s military reform to modernize the army, and the results and objectives of this measure. The findings show that one of his most important measures to strengthen its military in order to become Crown Prince and to show his superiority over Abbas Mirza has beem Military reform, with the help of European military advisors, in the army was operating in his command territory. And in addition to establish security in the West, his war with Baghdad Pashas was successful and he managed to show himself as a main contender to succeed Fath-Ali Shah.

history when modernizing and reform of past bureaucracy system which marked by especially transformation, change and new organization and training of the police. In this regard, the purpose of this article is description and analysis of police forces (Nazmieh) and its results, in Reza Shah era-Using qualitative methods-historical based on library and archival resources. The findings show that in Reza Shah Era, dispatching military students abroad, foundation of police and military schools, seriously show the necessity of their existence. However, Shah’ s attitude that based on his military style of Cossack-based training, distrust of young officers and dependence and excessive reliance to the Old Persian Cossack Brigade, undermined effectiveness of police training missions. In other words, conditions of social security, Instead of being based on science-based practices and modern police training, on the contrary, was reflecting the views of traditional leaders who was under commands of Reza Shah himself.

The Courier Office was one of the important offices in the administrative organization of Muslim governments in the Persian Middle Ages. Among other things, it functioned as a center for obtaining and supplying information related to the national security. This office found an eminent status in its governmental relations in a way that it was regarded as "the eye and the ear of government" throughout the State territory since its activities had been expanded to cover various spheres. The management of extended governmental territories made it necessary to obtain information on different incidents occurring in provinces and passing it on to the central government, to monitor the performance of officials in their governmental positions, to provide post services, and to embark on espionage activities. The above-mentioned activities were some of the duties of the Courier Office during the Middle Age of Iranian history. The present study tries to expound on the concept of Courier and its derivatives in a historical-analytical manner, focusing on security-related functions of the Courier Office in the central governments of Iran. Findings of the present study show that the extended activities of the Courier Office were highly important in a way that the continuation, or else the extinction of governments were directly dependent on the proper functioning of this institution.

Gholamreza-kahn was the last provincial governor of Waliyan Dynasty who governed more than three decades over Lorestan (Poshtkuh and Pishkuh). Firstly, the seat of his Government was Khorramabad and then, in 1216 A. H moved to Postkhoh. At the end of the period of rule of the Waliyan Dynasty, there were development in both national and international levels that had impacts on this region. The key question of this research is that, despite Despite the turbulences and developments in the wake of the Constitutional revolution As well as the impacts of the first world war in the region, how Poshtkuh remained a safe region and how could Gholamreza-Khan, without the central government intervention and Solely with reliance on local tribes and nomads, managed both to protect Iran borders and to stablish security within borders? Methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical and relies on documents and primary Sources. The findings show that, by adopting a conservative policy, Gholamrza-khan, maintained the internal security and borders stability of Poshtkuh region. In their interventions in other areas’ issues, he never did err on the side of caution and was always wise to go not somewhere that challenge the order and the security of its territory and if he felt danger he would retreat from his positions and make way for compromises. With the help of nomadic tribes in the region and without the help of the central government, he managed to create a regular military force, which could both protect country bordersand provide internal security. But with the rise of Reza Shah, he found that he could not withstand the new order, ceded power to the central government bloodlessly and took refuge in Iraq.

Kahnooj is a City and one of ancient areas in Iran which historically, along with other southern parts of the Kerman province, was known as Roodbar Zamin. Due to geographical location, this region always was away from the focus center of the central government and this has provided special conditions regarding the security of the region. Since the historical texts provide little information about the city, this Paper, with descriptive-analytical method and relying on documents and oral traditions, has attempted to examine process of providing security for the city in the present century and tried to answer the question of how Kahnooj security was provided in this century and by whose support and which institutional reinforcement? According to the findings, due to its proximity to areas of Baluchistan, on the one hand the adjacent to the city of Bam, on the other hand, Kahnooj city always has been a passageway for rebel troops and militants and an unfortunate place for banditry, looting and villainy, and this has prompted various rulers to pay special attention to security in the region. Prior to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty, this important task have been undertaken by local authorities and then by the Government Gendarmerie and the Police ( later by Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran).