SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2018 | Volume:14 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of food poisoning in human. The main etiological agent, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are in different types. Based on the plausible role of contaminated milk with enterotoxigenic strains of this bacterium in human food poisoning and the important role of SEA and SEB in bacterial intestinal pathogenesis, plus with the multiple role of SEB as a biological weapon on one hand, and the lack of any data on the role of milk and the two mentioned enterotoxins in public health threatening in Sanandaj on the other hand, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of sea and seb genes, as the most clinically important enterotoxins in mastitic milk samples. 120 cow, 60 sheep, and 60 goat mastitic milk samples were collected under sterile conditions and analyzed for the presence of S. aureus by routine bacteriological methods. The isolates were confirmed by thermonuclease (nuc)-based PCR and were evaluated for detection of sea and seb genes using molecular technique. Totally, 23. 33% (28 numbers) of cow milk, 31. 66% (19 numbers) of sheep milk, and 21. 66% (13 numbers) of goat milk samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Among the bovine originated S. aureus, 100% were found to harbor sea with no seb. sea was detected in 78. 94% (15 numbers) and 23. 07% (3 numbers) of S. aureus isolates with ovine and caprine origins, respectively, and seb was detected in 10. 52% (2 numbers) and 30. 78% of S. aureus with ovine and caprine origins, respectively. The high percentage of SE genes in S. aureus isolated from milk samples constitutes a potential risk for consumers′ health. Therefore, improving the hygienic quality of milk is essential in the mentioned area.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding with zinc (zinc oxide) and vit E (α-tocopherol acetate) on antioxidant enzyme, sexual hormone and some biochemical parameters of Japanese quails. A total of 960 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 70 d of age were housed in cages and randomly allocated to 10 treatments. Each treatment comprised 4 replicates of 24 birds (sixteen females and eight males). A 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with five levels of Zn include: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg /kg of diet and two levels of dietary Vit E (0 and 40 IU/kg of diet) was used in a completely randomized block design, by using a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Water and feed were supplied on an ad libitum basis during the 10 – wk trial. Results indicated that zinc supplementation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxides. The activity glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were increased after addition of Vit E but superoxide dismutase didn’ t influence. Levels of testosterone and estrogen significantly increased by Zn supplementation. Level of cholesterol after addition of Zn and levels of triglyceride and cholesterol after Vit E supplementation were decreased. Results of this experiment indicated that supplementation of zinc and Vit E was effective on change of antioxidant enzymes, sexual hormones and some biochemical parameters.

This study has been carried in order to determine the effect of dietary combinatory probiotic and prebiotic on some hematological parameters, serum biochemical and resistance to environmental stresses of Benni (Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi) juveniles. 600 fish with initial average weight of 3. 83± 0. 2 g were stocked in 15 tanks. Five dietary treatments included treatment 1 (control) which was fed with basal commercial diet only and the other treatments 2 to 5 containing 0. 5, 1, 1. 5 and 2 g Entrococcus faecium (5×1011 CFU/KG) and Inulin per kg of diets, respectively. The experimental trail was carried out in triplicate for a period of 60 days. Experimental fish were fed (3% body wet weight) daily at 08: 00, 13: 00 and 18: 00. The results of the present study demonstrated that the significantly increased the hematological parameters among the treatments. The hematocrit and white blood cells were increased with increasing by combinatory dietary levels. However, the red blood cells and hemoglobin were decreased. In addition, total protein and globulin indices significantly increased with increasing dietary levels. However, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of experimental fish decreased among treatments. The results of environmental stresses (thermal, salinity and pH stress) showed that resistance and survival rate of fish were significantly higher in the treatments with higher dietary probiotic and prebiotic than the control treatment. The present study revealed that the best results for M. sharpeyi juveniles were achieved at 1. 5 g to 2 per kg dietary Entrococcus faecium (5×1011 CFU/KG) and Inulin based on improved of hematological parameters, serum biochemical composition and resistance against the environmental stresses.

The kidney of the mouse is model for the study of the structure and physiology of nephron in mammals, including humans. The laboratories animals, Nude mouse is used frequently as a model in the study of cancer. Due the importance of the relationship between sodium-potassium pump and cancer, the nephron structure and Immunolocalization of Na+, K+-ATPase in different parts of the kidney were examined in Nude mouse. Six Nude mouse from Pasteur Institute (Amol Branch) were prepared and their kidneys were isolated, then based on the usual histological method, dehydrating and embedding in paraffin were carried out. A number of tissue sections stained by using hematoxylin and eosin, and localization of Na+, K+-ATPase was performed using immunohistochemistry method. Histological observation showed that the kidney of the Nude mice composed of two parts: cortex and medulla, cortex is the analogue of the human kidney cortex and medulla is the analogue of the human kidney medulla. Immunohistochemistry photographs showed that the presence of Na+, K+-ATPas, as an indicator of presence of sodium-potassium pump, is different in segments of kidney. The results of this study suggests that Na+, K+-ATPase intensity in different segments of kidney shows the different function of ions absorption in these segments. Also immunohistochemical method is useful for the changes of Na+, K+-ATPase presence, due to using of drugs and their side effects on the kidney function.

Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most important and common metabolic disorders of pregnant ewes in late pregnancy. Metabolic profiles and serum biochemical parameters have been used to predict, control and monitoring of the pregnancy toxemia. So the aim of the study was to observe the changes in energy-related blood metabolites and blood lipid profile in correlation with blood copper status of late pregnant Ghezel ewes. In the present study the variations of lipids and energy-related blood metabolites and their correlations with serum copper status for a period of 21, 14, 7 days before parturition and the day at parturition, were described. Blood samples were taken to determine Glucose, β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), Triglyceride, Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (HLD), Total Protein, Albumin, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Copper, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). BHBA, NEFA, HDL and Cholesterol showed a significant increase during the last three weeks of pregnancy. No marked change was detected in copper level during different stages of sampling. In the current study, we did not observe any significant correlations between serum copper status and cholesterol, HDL, glucose, NEFA and BHBA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the animal response to different levels of copper supplementation in a situation with negative energy balance like a status occured in late pregnancy.

In this study 85 fish of 3 species were caught from 3 stations of Fahlian River’ fish including Alburnus mossulensis, Cyprinion macrostomum, Capoeta barroisi persica in 2014 and after transferring to the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Kazerun Branch were examined In terms of skin and gill’ s helments and protozoa. A total of 8 species were isolated and identified, including 2 monogenian speices (Dactylogyrus sp. ), 2 digenea (Postodiplostomum sp and Haplorchis sp. ), 1 arthropoda (Lamprolegna sp), 2 protozoa (Ichthyophthrius multifillis and Trichodina sp. ) and 1 myxozoa (Myxobolus sp. ). The results showed that the highest percentage of parasitic infestation was Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the lowest was Lamprolegna sp. Also Capoeta barroisi persica and Cyprinion macrostomum allocated the highest and the lowest percentage of parasitic infection, respectively. Based on the results of this study Haplorchis sp. was reported for the first time in Iranian freshwater. Cyprinion macrostomum for Haplorchis sp. and all three under study fish for Postodiplostomum sp. were reported as a new host. Also there was no significant relationship between infection of fish species and between infected organs (P>0. 05).

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance and digestive enzymes activity of juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss after lead poisoning. 375 fish about 16± 3. 8 g of weight were selected and after being physically examined and ensuring their health were divided randomly in to 5 groups including 3 groups which were fed by healthy food containing 5×106, 5×107 and 5×108 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus for 45 days And also the fourth group (negative control or uncontrolled control) were fed and stored throughout the experiment with food without any additives And the fifth group (positive control or control group with lead), at first were fed without any additive to the diet for 45 days, and then, until the end of the experiment period, with three probiotic groups for 21 days were fed with a diet containing 500 μ g/kg lead nitrate. Intestine samples after anesthesia were collected on days 0, 45, 52, 59 and 66 for digestive enzymes were examined. Results showed that In the Treatment 1 and 2, Specific Growth Ratio, Daily Weight Growth and Relative Growth Rate, after 45 days beginning of experiment, improved considerable that compared to control group had significantly difference (P<0. 05). Activity of digestive enzyme in trial treatment (1, 2, and 3) after 45 days, were increased significantly compared to control group (P<0. 05). But after challenge with lead, trypsine and α-Amylase decrease significantly in groups 1 and 2 but in upper than the other groups. The lipase enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activity in all the probiotic groups after exposure to lead to a significant decrease but more than control group was challenged to lead. According to obtained results, it might be concluded that the feeding of rainbow trout by 5×107 CFU / gr Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the intestinal Tor grypus could be used as a probiotic supplement and can have a positive impact on improving growth performance and digestive enzymes and in addition are preventing of heavy metal poisoning which exist in diet.

Colisepticemia is an acute fatal disease that occurs primarily in calves less than 2 week’ s age and in calves with failure of passive transfer, and cause heavy economic losses to husbandry industries. Primary signs of septicemia is nonspecific and cannot be differentiated from non-infectious diseases or diseases with local infection such as diarrhea. Leukogram is a key laboratory tool to evaluate neonates suspected to septicemia in which supplies valuable diagnostic information for clinician next to physical examination. In this study, colisepticemia was induced with Escherichia coli strain of O111: H8 in 10-day bull Holstein calves weighting 50± 50 Kg. so, suspension of bacteria in normal saline, containing 1. 5× 109 CFU, was given intravenously through the jugular vein. Leukogram changing was examined from before 24 hours of bacterial injection till 24 hours after that. Leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia and increase of PCV, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hemoglobin, and decrease in red blood cell count was observed significantly associated with septicemia beginning (P<0. 05). Changing of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma fibrinogen and total protein were not significant (P> 0. 05). Total protein: fibrinogen ratio altered from >15 at 0h to <10 at 8h after challenge. In conclusion, changing of blood proteins and cells was related to systemic inflammatory response due to experimental colisepticemia in calves. Leukogram interpretation based on reference ranges appropriated to specie, breed, age, sex and environment can be useful to confirm or reject the disease and thus, guiding the therapy and give prognosis.

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry that causes significant economic loses to chicken industry worldwide. Infectious Bronchitis Virus causes a contagious and acute respiratory disease. Some nephrotropic serotypes of IBV cause nephritis. IBV is responsible for decrease of egg production and laying abnormal eggs. IB has no treatment and the only way to protect the chicken flocks is vaccination against the virus. Immunity to IBV has most often been assessed using serological assays; like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IBV (genus Gamacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae) contains a 27. 6 kb single stranded positive sense RNA. The genome encodes three major structural proteins; the spike (S) glycoprotein, the integral membrane glycoprotein (M), and the 43 to 50 kDa nucleocapsid (N) phosphoprotein. The aim of this study was to prepare recombinant nucleocapsid protein. For this purpose after RNA extraction the corresponding gene with a length of 1227 bp was amplified by RT-PCR. Then this gene cloned into expression plasmid (pMAL-C2X) and recombinant plasmid was transferred to strain Rosetta of E. coli. Expression of protein N was detected by SDS-PAGE. The results of this study showNucleocapsid recombinant protein could be expression whit high concentration in bacterial system.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on growth performance, efficiency of carcass and in broilers. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design arrangement and chicks (Ross 308, 1-d old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of 4 replicates each including 10 chicks per replicate. Chicks were offered four levels of threonine including: basal diet (without adding threonine), diets containing threonine as recommended by Ross 308 manual guide (level 0/05% threonine + basal diet, level 0/1% threonine + basal diet and level 0/15% threonine+ basal diet at Starter(1-10), Grower(11-24 days) and finisher(25-42 days) periods. The threonine level on daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significant effect (P<0/05). The best Growth Performance of 1-42 day in terms of daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio was treatment 0/1% of the threonine and the lowest was the control (non-Thr), respectively. Also, The results of experiment showed that treatment 0/1% of the threonine increased villus height at 42 days (P<0. 05). With regard to condition of this experiment, Level of 0/1% of the threonine surplus theronine basal diet improved the Growth performance, Carcass efficancy and morphology of the small intestine of broilers.

Brucellosis is a well-known infection among domestic animals caused by Brucella bacterium. Omp31 is outer membrane proteins that play important role in simulate CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. In current study, cloning, expression and also phylogenic analysis of Omp31 gene as a candidate for designing subunit vaccine against Brucella was investigated. Amplifying was performed using specific primers. Cloning of this gene was performed using pMB57R/T vector in TOP10F`strain of E. coli. Also, pET32a vector used for expression. Omp31 gene with 723 bp was amplified successfully. It, then, was coloned using TA cloning approach within cloning vector. Expression of this gene has done in pET32a vector by inducing IPTG. Results confirmed with sequencing and SDS-PAGE. According to this result, we can propose this gene as a candidate for designing subunit vaccine against Brucella in future study.

Parasitic diseases are one of the limiting factors in the poultry industry especially in intensive farming systems. Histomonas meleagridis has been identified in a wide range of birds including turkey, partridge, guinea fowl, Bobwhite quail, and ostrich. The present study was done after reporting the mortality at a partridge breeding farm that was referred to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran university, Iran. Clinical symptoms of the birds included drowsiness, dropping of the wings, depression and anorexia for a few days and mortality was 3. 36 % in the infected farm. Microscopically, typhlitis and numerous of histomonads as a pale and ovoid bodies within lacunae in the lamina propria was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. There are several reports about histomoniasis in partridge, but it seems this case is the first report of histomoniasis outbreak in a Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) farm in Iran.