Children's Literature Studies
Year:2020 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:9

This study investigates the indigenous aspects and elements of The Tumultuous Plain of Ali Akbar-Kermani-Nejad written in indigenous fantasy/ science-fiction genres as well as analysing Cultural identitive representations of ethnic minorities in this novel. Tumultuous Plain has focused on Baloch ethnicity from various dimensions. The combination of fantasy and science-fiction leads the audiences to the culture of Baloch people and their lifestyle. This novel as a counter-story is of an extra importance for rising rarely heard voice and engaging desert environment with ethnic identity elements which are derived from the interaction between man and indigenous nature. Tumultuous Plain has played an effective role in forming the sense of positive ethnic identity. The novel reflects ethnic traditions in a wide range and the adolescent protagonist regarding to those traditions starts a difficult voyage. He can challenge the limitations of his culture and reform the traditions through a dialogue with his culture. Balochi dresses, the animals of dessert which are in touch with people, beliefs and ethnic customs, the transit of drug and dominance of castes inside the ethnicity make the Baloch culture recognizable along with religious and mythological capacities of this ethnicity. The ambivalent genre of this novel (indigenous fantasy, science-fiction and magic realism) in a harmonic interaction with ecosystem redefines the ethnic identity.

The presence of myth at the center of events and affairs, human’ s need to connect with holy endless time and place and the media role of myth for human’ s connection to cosmological end and totality results in reproduction, reconstruction, and recreation of thought, vision and mythological motifs. washed away and all heterogeneous and contradictory and all distinctions and conflicts in some way are distributed, articulated, and signified in mythical and holy space-place and time. The present article depending on two-sided/ dual vision deals with analysis and articulation of terms, phenomena, and mythical motifs in Fariba Dindar’ s “ Dear Squirrelfish” novel. This contradictory and dual living is rooted in Nina’ s thought, main character of the story. Nina recognizes and calls herself a ‘ squirrelfish’ . She has a dual living, like squirrel and fish. This idea moves on, interwoven and parallel, in all the terms and phenomena’ s of the story. She is a teenager girl who is involved with difficulties of puberty. The simultaneous experience of childhood world and entering adulthood world, the experience of ritual death/ the process of rites of passage and reborn, and the continuity of meaning of one’ s own life with father’ s death and all this dualities goes on in all layers of two linear times (calendar and real) and circular time (mythical and endless) and Nina’ s tangible living place and her mandala-like space. This research indicates that how Nina by sheltering in her holy place (a lake and a tree called Cherney) and connecting to magical time and eternal present, in the process of letter-writing to an unknown person called Mr. Fish passes her inner conflicts, contradictions, and involvements and in reaching individuality and unity, reaches physical maturity also by accepting father’ s death finds serenity and spiritual and social maturity.

Fereydoon is the fifth famous Kiani king whose stories are included in most part of ferdowsi’ s Shahnameh. In Shahnameh, the number of people whose lives to be fully attended to is very limited. One of these personalities is Fereydoon. The adventures of Fereydoon have extensively pervaded into ordinary people’ s lives. One of such narrations is one narrated by one of the narrators of Masarm village named “ the beautiful orient” , located in Shiraz’ s south west at a distance of forty kilometers. The author, first, with a field method, has registered the narration and, then, has attended to its comparative analysis with Ferdowsi’ s Shahnameh narration. The findings of the study show that the narrators have attempted to domesticate the story for accepting the story amongst the people. In other words, this story bears little resemblance to that of Shahnameh’ s narrations except very few lines made completely different. The investigation of this story shows that the narrators, in addition to Shahnameh’ s narration, have paid meticulous attention to local elements and folk beliefs, religious narrations and old myths. In general, it can be said that the differences of the two narrations can be investigated in three sections: events, personalities and the places of such events.

Introduction: Children and adolescents need to learn some skills to enter society and life. Skills that prepare adolescents to face life's challenges and problems. Life skills program is one of the individual-focused strategies that by increasing the ability of people to cope, to increase their capacity to cope with the challenges, conflicts and hardships of everyday life and to protect the person against problems. . Accordingly, life skills (decision-making skills, problem solving, creative thinking, critical thinking, self-awareness, communication, anger management, etc. ) are the measures we use in dealing with anything. We close to have the most appropriate approach and get the highest productivity. Pittman defines life skills as abilities, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that are taught for happiness and success in life. These skills enable a person to adapt to and master life situations, and through the development of these skills, people learn to live comfortably with others, to feel safe. Let them remember ” (Kaveh, 1391: 32, quoting Pete Man, 1997). The aim of this study was to investigate life skills in the novels of Farhad Hassanzadeh and Erich Kastner, two authors of children's literature in Iran and Germany, and to answer the question of which skills had the most application and frequency in the works of the two authors? Research Methodology and History of research: The research method is quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the authors' works. In the method of quantitative analysis of the content of works, the frequency of the presence of an analytical unit such as a word or text content is considered and in a qualitative study, data and tests are analyzed to discover the meaning (Sarukhani, 2003: 287 ). No research has been done on life skills in the adolescent novels of Erish Kestner and Farhad Hassanzadeh, but it is mentioned about life skills and its study in some works: Karimi, Nahid et al. (2017) in the article on the effect of life skills through storytelling on the components of elementary students' creativity concluded that teaching life skills through storytelling method increases the creativity of elementary students. Hesampour, Saeed et al. (2015) in the article of comparative critique and analysis of the reflection of the meaning of life in two novels, three people in the snow by Erich Kastner and thirty men and thirty chickens by Akbar Sahraei, reflected the meaning of life in the mentioned works. Omidinia, Maryam et al. (2013) in the article A Study of Critical Thinking Skills in Selected Persian Adolescent Novels of the 1980s Discussion: Life skills are more used in Hassanzadeh novels. Among Hassanzadeh's novels, the novel "Call Me ziba" has more frequent life skills. Empathy skills are more used in the novels of two authors than other skills. Skills such as critical thinking, creative thinking, and problem solving have a lower frequency, which is less common in Kestner's works than in Hassanzadeh's novels. However, using empathy skills increases empathy and intimacy between the character of the story and the reader, and this intimacy spreads to the family and the community; But it should be noted that skills such as; Problem solving, decision making and critical thinking are also important and necessary and children and adolescents need these skills to live and deal with problems. If the authors pay attention to these skills as well, the child can strengthen skills such as; Critical thinking and problem solving. "Thinking is the language of the mind, and critical thinking enables man to analyze, deduce, evaluate, and draw conclusions. Critical thinking allows for reasoned decision making. From the age of seven, children compare their experiences with new findings. Conclusion: Among life skills, empathy skills were the most used and frequent. Skills such as; Critical thinking, creative thinking and problem solving were less frequent. While these skills seem to be very important for the lives of children and adolescents. Life skills in Farhad Hassanzadeh's works (studied) have more frequency and application than Erish Kestner's works. Another point is that in Kestner's works and in the component of critical thinking, children and adolescents also used this skill, while in Hassanzadeh's works, adult characters have used this component more. Among the studied novels, in the novels "Call Me ziba" and "Strange Sisters", problem-solving and empathy skills were used more than other works. Given that the main characters of these novels are daughter and father, the audience can well learn life skills in the form of empathy. In Farhad Hassanzadeh's novel "Hasti", the skill of empathy has a very high frequency compared to other works. Hasti is a teenage girl who has a lot of connection and empathy with Uncle Jamshid and this issue is important and significant for the audience.

One of the influential issues in the formation of the style of a literary work is the goals and functions that the author intends for his work; accordingly, a single content in accordance with various goals and functions can be the basis for the production of a very diverse literary works. The present research according to this principle has tried to study two children's books that have the same story design and pictures, and to demonstrate in a qualitative way and descriptive-analytical approach how different goals and functions created two completely different styles. In this essay, the story of "Ape Date" by Nora Gados is compared with Naser Kheshavarz's "Mr. Mouni Ms. Jouni Stylistically perspective. The Stylistic study of these two works shows that although these two books have the same content, different goals of their authors have shaped quite different styles. The book "Ape Date" is a literary-educational work that attempts to teach some English beginner readers the correct pronunciation of some voices and vowels. The creators of this work have written a "Easy-to-read picture story book" that has a very limited number of words with the educational goals and very simple and short sentences, but the book "Mr. Mouni Mrs. Jouni" is a "Illustrated Story" that tries to bring the child into a poetic narrative, with details of scenes and actions, and to raise and hear him and to read and write several times, and narrates the story. This helped her "develop mental, memory and language learning.

The purpose of this research is to compare the story of good and evil in the military seventh with the narration of its rewriting in Bakhtiari culture, to show that the type of attitude towards the child and his expectations in this culture had an effect on the rewrite. Accordingly, the narrative elements in these two stories, such as start, suspension, knitting, ending, personality, angle of view, time and place were investigated. The results of the research show that, according to Bakhtiari culture and attitude towards children, changes It was created in rehearsal tale. Family acceptance and trust in others, including values and hurricanes that have to be learned in the Bakhtiari culture, children, and emphasized in the rewritten story. The negative attitude to violence has made the story a happy ending. Inappropriate knowledge of the theme of love for children has led to a very brief account of this scene in the rewritten story. The importance of the children's biological experience and the principle of conceptualization has changed the time and place of the story into the Bakhtiari nomadic zone, and changes have been made in the age and role of the characters, or the attention given to the issue that, in the Bakhtiari culture, children should In solving life problems, characters play an active role in Bakhtiari's narrative, contrary to the deterministic attitude in military narrative.

in this study, we tried to examine how to approach the city in adolescent poetry with a statistical and descriptive approach, for this purpose, 15 of the children and teenagers were selected and then selected from the series of categories that were written for the age group of G to h, to examine the historical course of poems, fitness for teenagers and its evolution by 1390. the results showed that Conflict with the city and Interest in nature, dissatisfaction with migration to city, urban poverty and bombing cities in the imposed war are the most common themes to be accepted by the addressee; also, in the approach to contemporary urban life elements, such as the names of cities and modern technology, only a few poets have changed and remained in other works. between most of the works that have been addressed to the environment or urban elements, attention to the destruction of old homes and buildings, urban poverty and urban poverty, and attention to children in cities, have the ability to appeal to the audience more readily.

In this research, we sought to answer the question of whether existential psychology (as presented by Bo Jacobson and Ernesto Spinelli) provides a conceptual framework for understanding the main problem of young adult literature and research in this field. To this end, we first analyzed the problem of young adult literature in the existing theoretical frameworks and found that all of them ultimately have considered this problem as a kind of dichotomy between self and the other/the world. After a brief introduction of existential psychology (from the perspective of Ernesto Spinelli and Bo Jacobson), we have shown that one can rely on the inter-relatedness principle and two basic life dilemmas, love/aloneness and the free choice /the Obligations of your life reality, as well as concepts such as daimonic, choice, freedom, responsibility in authentic or inauthentic ways to formulate the main problem of young adult literature. We propose, then, specific requirements for the method to apply this theory in literary criticism or theorizing (being qualitative, subject-oriented, and based on description), and appropriate areas for theorizing and literary criticism in this field, based on existential psychology.

Myths and stories have kept their link with history and religion as a branch of popular literature and have provided an appropriate field for recreation of historical and religious figures. This essay has studied the four-volume collection of Iranian stories utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach and examined the historical-religious characters appearing in these stories. The results of the research show that these characters have appeared in the thirty nine stories from the collection of Iranian stories by Enjavi Shirazi-as the statistical population of this research. The historical and religious characters and celebrities studies are as follows in order of frequency: Solomon, Imam Ali, Iblis(Devil), Alexander, Khidr, Prophet Muhammad, Abbas and Zakaria. The Prophets, the Imams and Awlia-o-Allah (lovers and supporters of the Lord) are the most remarkable characters supporting the heroes of the story. Often, these characters appear in opposition to the two forces of "the good and the evil", and they help the hero in the challenges that the anti-hero has created for him. Among these, Solomon because of the relationship between him and the supernatural and surreal creatures who constantly have a rich presence in the stories, and objects associated with him, they are the most abundant forces supporting the heroes of the stories. Stories such as Zechariah's testimony or Alexander's personality in adventures like seeking life water have been recreated in accordance with popular beliefs.